阅读理解专题-推理判断题

阅读理解专题--推理判断题推断题类型：1.推断隐含意义2•推断作者观点或态度3.推断写作目的4•推断文章出处5.推断上下文内容一•如何推断隐含意义Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat .Fromthetextweknowthat …ismostlikely.Whenthewritertalksabout •…,whatthewriterreasysmeThewritersuggeststhat.Thestoryimpliesthat .Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息Practice:Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."(1分钟)Thesoundofthisbeetle .pleasedpeopleB.surprisedpeopleC.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison .liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanadaB.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAge D.havebeenkilledorhavediedoutItisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon'turnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto(依附)theundersidewilldie.•Thepassageimpliesthabcks .hurtseaanimals B.protectseaanimalsC.won'tbefoundonbeachesD.can'tbefoundonbeaches二、如何推断作者观点和态度：说明文中作者的态度：objectiveneutral(中立的)；在议论文中，有： ("positive(积极的) (2)negative(3)neutral(中立的)(4)approval(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)sarcastic讽刺的)(8)critical批评的(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic1.Questionforms:TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThewriter'sattitudetoward•…is .Thewriterthoughtthat .Accordingtotheauthor .技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。Therewasatimewhensomepeople'livesweredevotedsimplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle.Nomulti-taskingthere;theirliveswentonatamuchgentlerpace,andinafamiliarpattern.Thereismuchthatwemightenvyaboutawayoflifelikethis.Yetbeforewedoso,wemustthinkofthehardtasksourancestorsfaced;theyfarmedwithbarehands,oftenlivedclosetohunger,andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone.Modernmachineryhasfreedpeoplefromthatprimitiveexistenee.'sattitudetowardsthetecherliogy?•'sattitudetowardsthetecherliogy?Critical B.Objective.C.Optimistic.D.Negative.Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying——holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical身体的）health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don'tightit.It'anatural—ndhealthy—emotionalresponse反应）.•Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsuniesswecry.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure---thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpin（蹦极跳）tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace（perhapsabridgeorahotairballoon）200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic（有弹性的）ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists心理学家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival（生存）.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.•Thewriterofthetexthasa attitude态度）towardsdangeroussports.positive（肯定的） B.negative（否定的）C.neutral（中立的）D.nervous三、如何推断写作目的Questionforms:（1） 考查整篇文章的写作目的TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThewriterurpopeofwritingthispassageisto .Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto .（2） 考查某处细节的写作意图Thewriterusestheexampleof …toshowthat .Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto .…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto .常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，但写作目的通常有以下三种：常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperienee常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audienee多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章 .技巧点拨（1） 根据文体类别推断写作目的（2） 从写作手法来推断写作目的“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thermscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,said.”he•Thewriterusesthetwoquestionatthebeginningofthepassageto .testthereaders 'knowledgeaboutwavesdrawthereaders 'attentiontothetopicshowJamieTaylor'simportaneeinvitethereaderstoanswerthemTheCostofHigherEducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy（经济）.Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth,butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest投资）andcreatejobs.Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive,youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts.Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest.Therefore,itistheindividual,notthegovernment,whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation.TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto .argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationcallonthemtofinancestudents 'studiesencouragegraduatestogointobusinessshowtheircontributiontohighereducationAyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto .showthatelephantsareveryclevertellhowawomantrainedawildanimalshowthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendotellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife四、如何推断文章出处Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom .Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof .解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：（1）报纸（2）广告（3）产品说明：Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets药片）withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief缓解疼痛）taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount（量）.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctoradvice.'sReducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma .A.textbook B.newsreel C.doctor'snotebookbottleofmedicineMorethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontuniesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldeliver^发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstance$情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.Thistextistakenfrom .A.amedicalmagazine B.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（广告） D.agovernmentinformationbookletDon'twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou'vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou'rthereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Thistextmustbetakenfrom Aaradioprogram B.awebsiteC.anewspaper D.aTVprogram五•推断上下文内容Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss .解题技巧推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分钟）Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout .A.fireB.hunting C.farming D.urbanization（城市化）总结推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句，同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容 ，尤其是最后的两三句话。Assignments:1.Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroache（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor? ”theshopassistantsuapriaaey. “Weilrepliedtheman“I'mmovingoutrnfapartmentandtheIandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit. ”Thepassageuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas .A,veryclean13.jlls!cleanedbyiliclandlordC”tidyandcomlbriablcD.dirtyandfullofinsectsAlthoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor,sherefusestofallintoself-pity. “Everybodyonearthca'rwdnskme?'abousomethingorother,”shdnsists.“Itdoesn'doanygood.Nooneisimmune（免疫的）toheartachepainanddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.I'veometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI'vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe. ”•Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?Maryfeelspityforherself.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.