最新外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结

最新外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结Module1FeelingsandimpressionsUnit1Whatadelicioussmell?Smell:一股气味（可数名词） goodadvice!It'ssohelpfultous.（what/How） interestingthestoryis!（What/How）nice:adj.美味的，友好的，令人愉快的niceweather:好天气benicetosb・：对某人友好anicetrip:一次令人愉快的旅行Thecookietastesnice.这块饼干尝起来美味。wouldlike比want语气更委婉。 Wouldyouliketostayherewithus? Yes,I'dlike/loveto.lovely:令人愉快的，可爱的修饰人或物alovelyafternoon/girllively:活泼的，生动的alivelylesson:一堂生动的课I'mafraidthat+从句:恐怕（表示歉意或让对方失望的情况）I'mafraidthatIcan'tcometoyourpartytomorrow.1）abit=alittle:有点儿，有点后接/形容词/副词\形容词/副词的比较级Ifeelabitthirstynow.Aftertherain,peoplefeelabit/alittlecooler.abitof+不可数名词：ThereIsabitofwaterinthebottle.haveatry:试一试havea/an+名词haveaswim:游泳haveabreak:休息haveashower:洗沐浴Ihaveasweettooth.我喜欢吃甜食。bedone:做好了，完成了done:adj.做好了的，完成了besure+从句：Areyousurewhatyousaid?Besureof/aboutsth.:对……确信I'msureof/aboutthetelephonenumber.besure（not）todo.Sth.:确保/务必（不）做某事Besurenottomisstheearlybus.luckyday:幸运日You'realuckyboy.你是一个幸运儿。Goodlucktoyou・祝你好运。Unit2thanksfor=thankyoufor:因……而感谢你Thankyoufor/yourhelp.\sendingmephots.message:口信、信息（可数名词）takeamessage:捎个口信leaveamessage:留信Information:信息（不可数名词）apieceofinformation,someinformationhearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfromsb.:收到某人的来信Iheardfrommyunclelastweek.=Igot/receivedaletterfrommyunclelastweek.can'twaittodosth.:等不及/迫不及待做某事Ican'twaittoopenthepresent.quite:1）quitea/an+形容词+名词quiteaniceboy:一个相当好的男孩。2）quite修饰动词时放在动词前Hequitelikesmaths.他很喜欢数学。very:1）avery+形容词+名词averyniceboy2）very与much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。HelikesEnglishverymuch.soundlike:听起来（像）Themusicsoundsverybeautiful.beproudofsb./sth.:以某人/某事为自豪Parentsareproudoftheirchildren.We'reproudofourcountry.begoodatsth./doingsth.=dowellinsth./doingsth.擅长某事/做某事I'mgoodatEnglish/swimming.=IdowellinEnglish/swimming.Howdoyoufeelabout...?=Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?in:在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用howsoon---HowsoonwillyouleaveBeijing?---I'llcomebackinthreedays.howtodothings:疑问词+不定式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语1） Idon'tknowwhattodo.=Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo.（作宾语）疑问词加不定式作宾语时可以转换成宾2） Whentoholdthemeetinghasn'tbeendecided.（作主语）3） Hisdreamishowtobeagoodscientist.（作表语）4） Idon'tknowwhattodo.=Idon'tknowhowtodoit.1）beafraidofsb./sth・：害怕某人/某物I'mafraidofdoctors/dogs.2） beafraidofdoingsth.:害怕做某事I'mafraidofflying/goingoutatnight.3） beafraidtodosth.：害怕做某事I'mafraidtoswimacrosstheriver.4） I'mafraidthat:恐怕I'mafraidthatyoumuststudyhard.语法：表示感觉和知觉的系动词也称感官系动词五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词与眼、耳、口、鼻、手相关系。look,sound,taste,smell,feel+形容词Hefeelstiredafterwork.感官系动词后可接介词like,like后常接名词。Hisideasoundslikefun.感官系动词的句型结构与be不同，其否定形式和疑问形式要借助动词do。Thefoodtastesdelicious.变成否定句fThefooddoesn'ttastedelicious.变成一般疑问句fDoesthefoodtastedelicious?4•持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayTheweatherwillkeepwarmfor7days.变化系动词有become,grow,turn,get,go等。书面表达在英语学习中，与北京阳光中学的同学朝夕相处，其中Daniel的善良和助人为乐等优秀品质给我们留下了深刻的印象。请根据下面提示，用英语写一篇短文。提示：1.Personality:helpful—helpoldwomancrosstheroadkind—workattheHelpingHandsClubcreative—creativeaTVprogramme点拨：人物介绍（年龄、外貌、身份、性格）一典型事例（性格、品质）一人物评价（喜爱、夸赞）MyfriendDanielMyfriendDanielcomesfromBeijingSunshineSecondarySchool.Hehasaroundfaceandoftenwearsapairofglasses.Heisgoodatplayingcomputergames,buthedislikessports.Hehasmanygoodpersonalqualities.Heishelpful.Heoftenhelpshisclassmateswiththehomework.Healsohelpsoldwomancrosstheroad.Heiskindtoothers.HeworksattheHelpingHandsClub.Heiscreative.Forexample,hecancreateaTVprogramme.Heisgeneroustohisfriends.Helikestosharehisthingswiththem.SoIwanttobeapersonlikeDanielfromnowonandgetonwellwitheveryone.Module2ExperiencesUnit11）enter=takepartin=joinin参加enteracompetition:参加比赛2）enter=come/gointo进入Pleaseentertheclassroom.ever:曾经、从来，用于现在完成时的一疑问句、否定句。1） Have/Hassb.ever+donesth.?某人曾经做过某事吗？Haveyoueverenteredaclub?2） ever用于否定句，notever=never从来Shehasn'teverenteredanycompetitions.3.beforeadv.以前,与现在完成时连用;也可与一般过去时/一般现在时连用,位于句末ShehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore・Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleavetheroom・Hecamebackbefore10o'clocklastnight.4・1）afford:买得起、付得起，常与can,could,beableto连用。Thehouseistooexpensive.Ican'taffordit.2）afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，canaffordto/dosth・：有能力支付做某事\buysth・:买得起某物IcanaffordtovisitShanghaithisyear・Heisverypoorandcan'taffordtobuyahouseinthecity.That'sapity.Whatapity!真遗憾！It'sapitythat:太可惜了It'sapitythatyoucan'tcometotheparty.6・here,there,out,in等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装；如果主语是代词，句子则要部分倒装。Hereisagiftforyou. Herecomesthebus.（主语是名词）Hereitis・Hereyouare・（主语是代词）7・不定式短语在句中作目的状语，位于句首或句中。Tocatchtheearlybus,Igetupearly・（位于句首，其后有逗号）Hestudiedhardtopasstheexam・（位于主句后即句末）8・Sheworriedaboutherfuture・=She aboutherfuture・makeup:编造，组成Canyoumakeupastory?bemadeupof：由……组成 Thebasketballteamismadeupof20players・1）Ihopethat（宾语从句）表示祝愿:Ihopethatmydreamwillcometrue.2） hope/wishtodosth.:Iwishtobecomeadoctorinthefuture.3） wishsb.todosth.:Iwishyoutocometomybirthdayparty.1）invitesb.todosth.:邀请某人做某事Lilyinvitedmetoseeafilmyesterday.2)invitesb.tosomeplace:邀请某人去某地I'llinviteLillytomyparty.Unit2数词-名词-形容词：合成/复合形容词，其中的名词必须用单数形式，只能放在名词前做定语，不能作表语。Tomisaneight-year-oldboy. Tomiseightyearsold・oneof+the形容词最高级+名词复数形式：最 之一TheYangzeRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.movetosp.:搬到某地TheyaremovingtoBeijinginamonth•他们一个月后要搬到北京。4.1)sendsb.todosth.:派遣某人做某事TheysentsomescientiststoworkinBeijing.sendsb.toaplace:派某人去某地TheschoolsentTomtoGuilin.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.:送/寄给某人某物IsentLilyabook.=IsentabooktoLily.the+姓氏s: 一家人， 夫妇，其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。TheSmithsarehavingdinnernow・1)has/havebeento:去过某地(表示经历)，人现在已回来，常与ever,never，次数等连用。IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我已去过北京两次了。2)has/havegoneto:去某地了(表示此人不在这儿)，不能用于第三人称。---MayIspeaktoLiTao? 我可以和地涛通话吗？---Sorry.HehasgonetoBeijing.很抱歉。他去北京了。3)has/havebeenin:住在/在，是延续性动词短语，可以与时间段连用。HehasbeeninShanghai/fortenyears.\sinceheworked.7・bedifferentfrom:与 不同Hisbikeisdifferentfrommine.8・inmanyways:在许多方面Inmanyways,theydobetterthanus.think/find/feelit+adj•(形容词)todosth・：觉得/认为/感觉做某事 IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ifinditboringtoplaycomputergames.sofar=uptonow:到目前为止，常与现在完成时连用,位于句首或句末。Wehaveplanted2,000treessofar.SofarIhavelearned10,000words.mix with :把 和 混和在一起1)asksb.(not)todosth.:要求/让某人(不)做某事Tomaskedhismothertowakehimupatseveno'clock.2)asksb.aboutsth.:向某人询问有关某事 askab.forsth.:向某人要某物Tomaskedmeaboutthehomework.IaskedTomforabook.话题写作：请你介绍一下游览北京的经历，内容如下：北京在中国的北方，每年有很多人到北京旅游；来过北京多次，跑遍了北京城；3•爬过长城，到过颐和园(theSummerPalace)和故宫(thePalaceMuseum);拍下了很多照片，与外国人用英语交谈过。Module3JourneytospaceUnit1Whatareyouupto?=Whatareyoudoing?upto:忙于1）just:刚刚，用于现在完成时，位于助动词后，实义动词前。Thetrainhasjustleft・2）justnow=amomentago刚才，常与一般过去时连用，位于句末。Isawanoldfriendjustnow.yet:1）用于现在完成时的疑问句中，位于句末，意为“已经”。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?2）用于现在完成时的否定句中，位于句末，意为“还没有”，not・・・yetIhavenotseenthefilmyet・ 我还没看过这部电影。already:已经，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，位于助动词has/have后，有时位于句末。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework・Ihaveseenthefilmalready.thelatestnews:最新的消息That'swhy :那就是 的原因why在此引导的是表语从句。Mybikewasbroken.That'swhyIwaslateforschool.discover:发现本已存在的客观事物、科学上的新发现。ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.哥伦布发现了美洲。1）noone=nobody没有人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，只指人，不能指物。Noonelikesthiskindofbook・2）None:可以接of短语，既可以指人也可以指物。Noneofthecoatsisred.8.inordertodosth・：为了做某事,表目的，位于句首或句中，可与soastodosth.相互转换。Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.1）oneday:某一天（过去/将来），用过去/将来时I'llrealizemydreamoneday2） somed町：某一天（将来），用一般将来时I'lltravelaroundtheworldsomeday.3） Theotherday:几天前（过去），用一般过去时Imetanoldfriendinthestreettheotherday.Unit2therebe就近原则：be动词与和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。therebe的一般将来时结构为：therewillbe或Thereis/aregoingtobeThereisabankandsomepensonthedesk・Therewillbe/isgoingtobeafootballmatchtomorrow.ontheearth:在地球上onearth:究竟、世界上 Whoonearthwonthematch?goaround:围绕……运行 Theearthgoesaroundthesun.agroupof:一群/组 ，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Shehasagroupoffriends.possible:可能的一impossible:不可能的polite:礼貌的一impolite:不礼貌的adj./adv.+enoughtodosth.:Yourbrotherisoldenoughtogotoschool.Thisbookisn'teasyenoughformetoread.介词短语作状语。Withasmileonherface,shecamein.8.alone:adj.独自的、单独的adv.单独地、独自地lonely:adj.孤独的、寂寞的Helivesalone,buthedoesn'municatewithsb.:与某人交流munication交流Weneedtocommunicatewithourparentsathome.语法：现在完成时常与already,yet,just,before,recently等词连用。ShehasjustarrivedinChina.Ihaven'tseenhimrecently.Wehaveseenthefilmbefore.2.现在完成时常与ever,never,twice等连用。HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhavebeentoGuilintwice.话题写作：随着时代的进步、科技的发展，人们的生活发生了日新月异的变化。未来的生活将会是什么样子的呢？谁都无法预料。请发挥想象，谈一谈未来的日子里，将有哪些不可思议的变化。如：很多事情由机器人或计算机完成、在家购物、足不出户旅行……请以“Thelifewecan'timagine”为题写一篇短文。Thelifewecan'timagineWhatdoyouthinkofthelifeinthefuturewillbelike?Inthefuturetherewillbemorecomputersinourhouses.Computerswillhelpustoknowalotabouttheworld.Wewillbeabletotalkbye-mail.Scientistswillmakemanyrobots.Robotscanhelpusdothecleaning,cookingandwashing.Wecandosomeshoppingorseeadoctorwithoutgoingoutofourhouses.Thelifeinthefuturewillbeverygood.Forthis,wewillstudyhardandturnourideasintoreality.Ibelievewewillbeabletodothis.Module4SeeingthedoctorUnit1HowcanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?有什么事？ill:只作表语Tomwasillyesterday.Hehasbeenillfor4days.sick:可作表语或定语Themotherislookingafterhersickson.Myheadhurts.=Ihavegotaheadache.=Ihaveapaininmyhead.我头痛。have/catchacold:感冒 haveabadcold:患重感冒haveahigh/lowfever:发高/低烧haveacough:咳嗽haveatoothache:牙痛takeone'stemperature:给某人量体温Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?exercise:1)锻炼、运动，为不可数名词。Weshoulddo/talesomeexerciseeveryday.2)练习、作业、体操，为可数名词。Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.Ihavetwoexercisestodotoday.since:1)作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时。现在完成时+since+句子(一般过去时)Hehaslivedheresincehewas10・2)作介词，后跟时间点 Shehasworkedheresince2010.for:计、达，后跟一段时间（时间段）Ihaveworkedherefor14years.1）beharmfulto=bebadfor对……有害Smokingisharmfultoyou.=Smokingisbadforyou.2） doharmtosb./sth.:伤害某人/某物Stayinguplatedoesharmtoourbody.3） It'sharmfultodosth.:做某事是有害的It'sharmfultoreadinthesun.onceaweek:一周一次 twiceayear:—年两次这些表示频率的短语，对其提问用howoften.---Howoftendoyougoswimming?提问一段时间用howlong.---HowlonghaveyoubeeninGuilin?---Forthreeyears.Unit2Ifeelwell.我感觉身体好。well=fineactive:adj.积极的、活跃的Tonywasveryactiveatthepartylastnight.takeanactivepartin:积极参加TonyalwaystakesanactivepartintheEnglishclub.by:介词，通过 bydoingsth.:通过某各方式MysisterlearnsEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.Mr.Greenboughtthecarlastyear.（改为现在完成时的句子）Mr.Greenhashadthecarforayear.feel/keephealthy=feel/keepfit感到/保持健康takepartin=joinin参加活动joininthediscussion/thesportsmeetingjoin:加入党派、团体、组织，成为其中一员jointhearmy/thePartyjoinsb.insth./doingsth.:Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?beinexcellentcondition:健康状况很好beintrouble:处于困境Heisintroubleandneedsourhelp.for/inthelastfewweeks/months/years:在过去的几周/月/年里，常与现在完成时连用。IhavelearntlotsofEnglishwordsinthelastfewweeks.sleepyadj.欲睡的、想睡的Ioftenfeelsleepyinclass.asleepadj.睡着的、睡熟的 fallasleep:入睡、睡着Ifeltsleepyandfellasleepsoon.daily=everydayadj.日常的、天天的indailylife:在日常生活中weak:虚弱的、弱的Tomisalittleweak.beweakin:在……方面差IamweakinmathsbutgoodatChinese.feelawful:感到不舒服Theweatherisawful/terribletoday・极坏的、坏透了allover:浑身、到处I'mblackandwhiteallover.我浑身青一块紫一块。allover指“遍布"与around同义：allovertheworld=allaroundtheworldtoo+adj.todosth・：太 而不能做某事，可以与not•••enoughtodosth及So・・・that的否定结构互换。Hisbrotheristooyoungtojointhearmy.=Hisbrotherisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.=Hisbrotherissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.语法：短暂性动词转换成延续性动词。buyfhave/owngobuyfhave/owngofbeawayleavefbeawayopenfbeopenborrowfkeepdiefbedeadbegin/startfbeonjoinfbein/beamemberofmarryfbemarriedgotherefbetherereturnfbebackcomeherefbeherecatchacoldhaveacoldgettoknowfknowputonfwear/beoncatchacoldhaveacoldIhavekeptthatbookfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyouhadthecamera?话题写作：假如你是Tom，你在美国的朋友Tony生病了，请你写一封电子邮件，并告诉他做如下事情：seeadoctor;eathealthyfood;havemorefruitandvegetables;getenoughsleep;stayhappy.DearTony，I'msorrytohearyouareill.Youhaveafeverandhadaheadache.Youshouldseeadoctorfirst.Thenyoudrinkmorewater,eathealthyfood,andhavemorefruitandvegetables.Youshouldgetenoughsleepandstayhappy.Youshouldn'tstudywhenyouaretootired.It'snotgoodforyourhealth.Ihopeyou'llbebettersoon.Bestwishes!Yours,TomModule5CartoonstoriesUnit12・穿过：Youmustbecarefulwhenyouwalkacrosstheroad・Theriverrunsthroughthecity・Themoonlightgoesthroughthewindowandmakestheroombright・3・fight:1)fightsb・:打某人Don'tfighttheotherstudents・fightwith/againstsb・：与 打架、同 并肩作战TomisfightingwithTonyintheclassroom・fightfor:为 而战(和平、自由、国家)Theyfightforpeace/freedom/theircountry・haveafightwithsb・=fightwithsb・与某人打架4・climbup:往上爬、爬上Theyneedtoclimbupthetreeswithladders・5・someone:某人、有人，多用于肯定句中，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。否定或疑问句中用anyone・Inthedarksomeonewasfollowingher.Ican'tfindanyonetohelpme.1)keepdoingsth.:一直做某事Thelittlebabykeepscryingallnight.keepsb./sth.+adj.:使……处于某种状态Keepyourhandsclean. Keepyoureyesclosed.keepsb.doingsth.:使某人一直做某事I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingfor2hours.keep+adj.:保持keephealthy/clean否定转移：从句中的否定习惯上转移到主句上，类似的词有believe,guess,think等。Idon'tthinkhewillcome. Idon'tbelieveheisright.can'thelpdoingsth.=can'tstopdoingsth:情不自禁做某事Hecouldn'thelpcryingwhenheheardthetectsb./sth.from/againststh.:保护某人/某物免受……的伤害。Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.Parentstrytoprotecttheirchildrenfromdanger.lesson:课、教训 teachsb.alesson:给某人一个教训It'salessontousall.这对我们大家来说是个教训。Unit2wintheheartofsb.:赢得某人的喜欢BeijingOperawinstheheartsoftheoldpeople.Shewontheheartofeveryoneinthetheatre.everywhere=hereandthere到处、处处Herbooksareeverywhere.anywhere:任何地方Youcangoanywhereinterestingifyoulike.1)leadsb.todosth.:带领某人做某事Heleadshisteamtofightagainsttheenemy.2)leadto:通向、导致AllroadsleadtoRome.条条道路通罗马。Idon'tthinkitwillleadtoagoodresult.beinamess:混乱makeamess:弄乱、搞糟Whatamess!多么混乱啊！except:1)expecttodosth.:期望做某事Iexpecttopasstheexam.expectsb.todosth・:期望某人做某事Everyoneexpectedustowinthematchbutwelost.expectsth.:Heisexpectingherletter.experience:经历(可数名词)PleasetellusyourexperiencesinAmerica.经验(不可数名词)Heisamanofrich/muchexperience.Hehasrichexperienceinthiskindifwork.copy:1)n.一本、一册(可数名词)Heisreadingacopyofthedailynewspaper.2)v.复制、抄袭 Don'tcopyTom'shomework.Wouldyoucopythisletterforme,please?表示某人多大岁生日时，用序数词；表示年龄时用基数词。TodayisLingling'stenth/10thbirthday. Linglingistenyearsold.own:1)adj.自己的one'sown:某人自己的 Thisismyownbike・2)v.拥有Heownsthreehouses.privateadj.私人的，个人的privatecar:私家车privatehouse/letterPersonaladj.个人的(个人的感情、情绪、情感)personalfeeling:个人感觉1)satisfy:v・使满意、满足Wealwayssatisfyourcustomerswithgoodservice.顾客2)besatisfiedwithsth・：对 感到满意Sheissatisfiedwithherson'sanswer.12.1）AaswellasB:不仅 而且，既 又,还，强调的是前者，翻译时先译后者,再译前者；谓语动词与aswellas前的主语保持一致（就远原则）。Tom'sparentsaswellasTomlikeswimming.HespeaksEnglishaswellasChinese.他不仅会说汉语还会说英语。2）notonly*^butalso…：不仅 而且 ，强调的是后者（就近原则）Notonlyyoubutalsoyourbrotherisverykindtome.Shenotonlyplayswell,butalsowritesmusic.她不仅演奏得好，还会作曲。话题写作：守株待兔aPassiveAttitudeModule6 HobbiesUnit1alittle+不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 Thereisonlyalittlemeatinthefridge.abitof+不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 Ineedabitofwater.havealook:看一看，后跟宾语时，要加介词at.havealookat=lookatHavealookatthepicture.=Lookatthepicture.mostof+代词宾格或mostof+限定词+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数由most后面的代词或名词决定。Mostofmystorybooksareveryinteresting.MostofuslikeEnglish. Mostofhermoneywasstolen・她的大部分钱被偷了。must:表示肯定的推测，“一定、肯定”表示否定的推测时用can't,“不可能”Therestaurantmustbeverygood.It'salwaysfullofpeople.Thatgirlcan'tbeLily.Lilyismuchtaller.as+形容词/副词的原级+as:和……一样HisEnglishisasgoodasmine.Hedrivesaswellashisfather.用：1）with:用具体有形的东西（工具）Iwritealetterwithapen.2） in:用语言、声音、原材料 Canyouspeakinaloudvoice?3） by:用/通过 用段或方式 Thegirlmademoneybysellingflowers.形容词修饰不定代词时后置：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou・Unit21）some others :一些 另一些 SomestudentslikewatchingTVandotherslikegoingonline.2）one theother :一个 ，另一个 （范围是两者）Thereareonlytwostudentsintheclassroom・Oneisreadingandtheotherisdrawing.Ihavetwopens.Oneisredandtheotherisblack.makesb.dosth.:使某人做某事一感、二听、三让、四看Wemadethelittlegirllaughatlast.develop:v.培养、提高、发展、形成、长大Thislessonwillhelpyoudevelopyourwritingskills.这节课有助于提高你的写作能力Weshoulddevelopgoodlivinghabits.我们应该养成好的生活习惯。during=in:在……期间、在……时间内5.aswellas:除了 外（还有），可用besides代替。IhaveafewEnglishbooksaswellas/besidesthis.IstudyJapaneseaswellasEnglish.除了英语外，我还学日语。encouragesb.todosth.:鼓励某人做某事Meout:出版、发行、(花儿)开放、出来Whenwillhisnewbookcomeout?Springcomesandtheflowersstarttocomeout.Theresultwillcomeoutthreedayslater.asaresult=so结果、因此、Shedidn'tstudyhardandasaresult,shedidn'tpasstheexam.Tomstudiedhard.Asaresult,hepassedtheexam.1)Pleasure:愉悦、愉快It'smypleasure.=Mypleasure.不客气(回答感谢)。2)withpleasure.十分愿意(回答请求)---Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?---Withpleasure.successn.成就、成功Failureisthemothersuccess.失败乃成功之母。successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地succeedv.成功Hefinishedtheworksuccessfully. Heisasuccessfulwriter.Don'tgiveup.Youknowhardworkleadstosuccess.Hesucceededinfinishingtheworkatlast・他终于成功完成了那项工作。ZhangLin话题写作：MyHobbiesIhavemanyhobbies,suchassports,singing,playingtheviolinandkeepingadiary.Atschool,IoftenhearthePEteachersaysportsaregoodforourhealthandwillmakeuslivelonger.SoIlikesportsverymuch.Igorunningatfiveo'clockintheafternoon.Iplaytabletenniswithmyfriends.Thesesportshavekeptmehealthy.Athome,Ilikesingingandplayingtheviolin.IhopeIwillbeasingerandviolinistwhenIgrowup.Inordertoreachthesegoals,Igototheteacher'shomeforalessoneverySaturdayandpracticesinging.Ofallmyhobbies,Ilikereadingbooksbest.Inmybedroomtherearelotsofbooks.WhenIgrowup,IwillservethepeoplewiththeknowledgeIhavelearnt.Module7SummerinLosAngelesUnit11)prepareforsth.=be/getreadyforsth.为某事做准备Theyarepreparingforatest.=Theyaregettingreadyforatest.2)preparetodosth.=be/getreadytodosth.准备做某事Mymotherispreparingtocooklunch.makealist:列清单 Let'smakeashoppinglist・1)crazyadj.发疯的、荒唐的Youarecrazytobuythewatchatsuchahighprice.becrazyabout:对……着迷TheboysarecrazyaboutJayChou.drivesb.crazy:使某人发疯、疯狂迷恋Thingsalmostdrivemecrazy.这些东西差点把我弄疯。whattotake=whatIshouldtake疑问词+不定式作宾语=宾语从句Thesedressedareverybeautiful.Ican'tdecidewhichonetobuy.5.attheendof:在……末端/尽头/后期/结束（时间/地点）Thereisaparkattheendofthestreet.MybirthdayisattheendofJune.英语中成双成对的名词：shorts,trousers,glasses,/socks,shoes.其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由pair修饰作主语时，谓语动词单复数由pair决定。Mysunglassesareinthebag. Twopairsofshoesareenough・Howmuchisthispairofsunglasses?light:轻的…heavy:重的light:浅色的-…dark:深色的Lightmusiccanmakepeoplerelaxed・轻音乐能使人放松。Thissweaterislightblue.这件毛衣是浅蓝色的。表示时间、金钱、价格、长度、学科的名词以s结尾等词作主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Mathsismyfavouritesubject.Tenkilometersisveryfar.9.else:作后置定语疑问词/不定代词+elseother:作前置定语other+名词复数Whatelsecanyousee?Theotherstudentsareplayingbasketballnow・1)weigh:v.重、称 的重量Heweighs50kilos.Pleaseweighthebananas.2)n.weight重量putonweight:长胖loseweight:减肥totaladj.总的、全部的，只用作定语。近义词为wholeThetotalscoreisonehundred.Intotal:总共、总计1)bytheway:顺便说/问一下，为插入语，用以引出题外的话语。onone'swayto:在某人去……的路上 I'heway:挡道 Don'tstandintheway.不要挡路。writetosb.=writealettertosb.给某人写信Iwillwritetoyousoon.=Iwillwritealettertoyousoon.BuymesomeflowersforyourmotheronMother'sDay.----Yes,Iwill. 祈使句表示的动作是尚末发生的动作，应答上句的祈使句，答语用助动词will表示将来。Unit21)offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedmeacupoftea.=Heofferedacupofteatome.2)offertodosth.:主动提出做某事TomofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.last:v.持续last(for)+一段时间，for可省略Thefilmlasted(for)threehours.dependon:依靠、依赖、取决于Oursuccessdependsonhardwork.我们的成功取决于艰苦的工作。Youcan'talwaysdependonyourparents.WhetherI'llgotoShanghaidependsontheresultofthevidesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.提供给某人某物/为某人提供某物Theschoolhasprovidedstudentswithfreebooks.=Theschoolhasprovidedfreebooksforstudents・progress:进步(不可数名词)，其前可用much,great,some,good等词修饰。makemuch/greatprogressinsth.:在某方面取得很大的进步IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.experiencev.经历、体验experiencelifein:在……体验生活Iwanttoexperiencelifeinthecountryside.form/makeafriendship/friendshipswithsb.:与某人建立友谊Theteachermakesclosefriendshipswithhisstudents.stayintouchwithsb.=keepintouchwithsb：与某人保持联系We'llstayintouchwitheachotheraftergraduation. 毕业if：if引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句、含有情态动词时，从句要用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。Iwillvisitmyfriendifitdoesn'traintomorrow.Don'tgetoffthebusifitdoesn'tstop.Youcanhaveanotherappleifyouareveryhungry.prefer=like…betterpreferAtoB:比起B来更喜欢AIpreferEnglishtoChinese.prefertodosth.:宁愿做某事Iprefertostayathometoday.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.:喜欢做某事胜过某事Ipreferswimmingtoplayingbasketball.我喜欢游泳胜过打篮球。atleast:至少 atmost:至多Thehallcanholdatleast2,000people.这个大厅至少能容纳两千人。Youshouldatleastbepolite・ 你至少应该有礼貌。1)fillin/outaform:填表fill…with…:用……把……装满(表动作)Hefilledthebagswithbooks.befilledwith=befullof:充满、装满(表状态)Theglassisfilledwithwater.=Theglassisfullofwater.话题写作：假设你是张林，你的美国笔友Bob来信询问你的暑假计划，现在请你写一封回信，告诉他你将在爷爷奶奶家度过这个假期。注意：1.至少写出你将要做的三件事；回信不少于80词，信的开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearBob,Bestwishestoyou.Yours,Module8TimeoffUnit11.1)v・欢迎welcometosp・：WelcometoBeijing. Welcomehere・2)n.欢迎giveawarmwelcome:热烈欢迎某人Theygaveusawarmwelcome.

3)adj.受欢迎的、不必感谢的Heisawelcometeacher.---Thankyou.You'rewelcome.不用谢。2.1)so•••that…：如此 以致 ，引导结果状语从句。可与too・・・to…和形/副词+enoughto相互转化。Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayaword.Heransoquicklythatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.赶上2)sothat:以便、为了、目的是，引导目的状语从句。可与inorderthat/into+v.相互转化。Heworkshardsothathecanmakealotofmoney.他努力工作为了挣许多钱。=Heworkshardinordertomakealotofmoney.hearsb.dosth.听到某了做了某事 Ioftenhearherplaythepiano.hearsb.doingsth.:听到某人正在做某事Iheardthemsingingintheroomjustnow.4.1)hardly=almostnot几乎不，位于be动词/助动词/情态动词后，行为动词前。Icanhardlyfinishthework.2)hardadv.Icanhardlyfinishthework.2)hardadv.努力地hardadj.艰艰苦的、硬的Heworkshardeveryday.Helivesahardlife.Yantaiisfamousforitsapples.Heisfamousasanactor.befamousfor:因……而闻名befamousas:以Yantaiisfamousforitsapples.Heisfamousasanactor.6.takeup:占据(时间/空间)Thebigboxtakesuptoomuchroom. 这个大盒子占了太多的空间。pointout:指出 Pleasepointoutthemistakes.pointto:指着(远距离)Hepointedtothehill.pointat:指着(近距离)Don'tpointatpeoplewithafinger.sightn.名胜、风景(人文景观或历史遗址为主的景观)seethesights:游览名胜DoyouknowthesightsofBeijing?9.1)allowsb.todosth•:允许某人做某事MyparentsallowmetowatchTVatweekends.allowdoingsth・:允许做某事Ourteachersallowplayinghere・sb.beallowedtodosth・:某人被允许做某事Studentsarenotallowedtosmokeatschool.学生不允许在学校吸烟。1)wastev.浪费Weshouldn'twastewater.3)n.废物、垃圾 Don'tthrowawaywasteeverywhere.Unit21)promisetodosth.:许诺/答应做某事Myfatherpromisedtobuyabikeformisesb.sth.:许诺某人某物Mymotherpromisedmeanewmisethat从句：答应、保证Myparentspromisedthattheywouldbuymeacomputer.makeapromise:许下诺言 keepapromise:遵守诺言 breakapromise:不守信whileconj.而、然而，表示对比Ilikemusicwhilehelikessports.Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.wakesb.up:把某人叫醒 Mum,wakemeupatseveno'clock.moveabout:四处走动、到处旅行 moveaway:离开、搬开movein:迁入Sitdown,Tom.Don'tmoveabout. moveon:继续向前移动现在分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“主动”关系；过去分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“被动”关系。Doyouknowtheboystandingunderthetree・ (主动)IlikethebookswrittenbyLuXun・ (被动)above:在……之上、在……斜上方，既不接触又不垂直，仅是高于某物。over:在 之上，盖在 上面，一般指垂直，且不接触。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.pull:拉…push:推 Pullthedooropen.把门拉开。Pulldown:拉倒、拆毁I'm/wassorry…：当听说别人糟遇不幸时，用此句表示对别人同情。Iwassorrytohearthathehadabadcoldlastweek.Iwishyouwerehere!虚拟语气Wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的假设，be动词都用were.IwishIwereasstrongasyou. IwishIwerewithyounow.语法：常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词是：believe,expect,promise,think,tell,hope,wish,remember,forget等。Ihope(that)everyonewillhaveahappyfamily.主句的谓语是由“be+形容词(afraid/glad/sure/sorry)”等构成的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。I'msure(that)she'llwritetomesoon.I'msorry(that)heisn'thererightnow.宾语从句的时态：如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等)，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Irememberthathegavemeabookyesterday.HehastoldmethathewillvisitGuilintomorrow.如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等)。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。Hetoldmetha