2015年职称英语直播1v1理工

2015 英 —阅读理解精讲（理工类 A级第39

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n differentstrainsofchicken不同品种的onamassivescale大规 genetically

经 改Tohelpfundresearch资助研究

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hatchintoindentical 孵出如出一辙的（小）put 意为“discourage”(使……气馁 大量繁stem teamupwith

cultureScaleupupto50,000eggs5afreshlylaid,fertilizedrecipientegg新产下的、 Factoryfarmingcouldsoonenteraneweraofmassproduction.CompaniesintheUSaredevelothetechnologyneededto“clone”chickensonamassivescale.Onceachickenwithtraitshasbeenbredorgeneticallyengineered,tensofthousandsofeggs,whichwillhatchintoidenticalcopies,couldrollofftheproductionlineseveryhour.Billionsofclonescouldbeproducedeachyeartosupplychickenfarmswithbirdsthatallgrowatthesamerate,havethesameamountofmeatandtastethesame. This,atleast,isthevisionoftheUS’sNationalInstituteofScienceandTechnology,whichhasgivenOrigenTherapeuticsofBurlingame,California,andEmbrexofNorthCarolina$4.7milliontohelpfundresearch.Theprospecthasalarmedanimalwelfaregroups,whofearitcouldincreasethesufferingoffarmbirds. That’sunlikelytoputoffthepoultryindustry,however,whichwantsdiseaseresistantbirdsthatgrowfasteronlessfood.“Producerswouldlikethesame tybuttoreducedinputstogetthere,”saysMikeFitzgeraldofOrigen.Tomeetthisdemand,Origenaimsto“createananimalthatiseffectivelyaclone”,hesays.Normalcloningdoesn’tworkinbirdsbecauseeggscan’tberemovedandimplanted,Instead,thecompanyistryingtobulk‐growembryonicstemcellstakenfromfertilizedeggsassoonasthey’relaid.“Thetrickistoculturethecellswithoutthemstartingtodistinguish,sotheyremainpluripotent,”saysFitzgerald. Usingalong‐establishedtechnique,thesedonorcellswillthenbeinjectedintotheembryoofafreshlylaid,fertilizedrecipientegg,formingachickthatisa“chimera”.Strictlyspeakingachimeraisn’tabecauseitcontainscellsfrombothdonorandrecipient.ButFitzgeraldsaysitwillbeenoughif,say,95percentofachicken’sbodydevelopsfromdonorcells.“Inthepoultryworld,itdoesn’tmatterifit’snot100percent,”hesays. AnotherchallengeforOrigenistoscaleupproduction.Todothis,ithasteamedupwithEmbrex,whichproducesmachinesthatcaninjectvaccinesintoupto50,000eggsanhour.Embrexisnowtryingtomodifythemachinestolocatetheembryoandinjectthecellsintopreciselytherightspotwithoutkillingit. Infuture,Origenimaginesfreezingstemcellsfromdifferentstrainsofchicken.Iforderscomeinforaparticularstrain,millionsofeggscouldbeproducedinmonthsorevenweeks.Atpresent,maintainingallvarietiesthemarketmightcallforistooexpensiveforbreeders,andittakesyearstobreadenoughchickenstoproducethebillionsofeggsthatfarmersneed. Whichstatementisthebestdescriptionoftheneweraoffactoryfarmingaccordingtothefirstparagraph?EggsareallgeneticallyThousandsofeggsareproducedeveryClonedchickensarebulk‐producedwiththesamegrowthrate,weightandtaste.Identicaleggscanbehatchedontheproduction Whichinstitutionhasoffered$4.7milliontofundtheresearch?TheUS’sNationalInstituteofScienceandOrigentherapeuticsofBurlingame,EmbrexofNorthAnimalwelfare Inthethirdparagraph,bysaying“Producerswouldlikethesamemeat tybuttousereducedinputstogetthere.”MikeFitzgeraldmeansthathewisheschickens’qualitycouldbemaintainedbutwithlesschickens’tastecouldbeimprovedbutatlesschickens’growthratecouldbequickenedbutwithlesschickenscouldgrowtothesameweightbutwithless WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutOrigenandEmbrexiscorrectaccordingtothefifthparagraph?OrigenandEmbrexwilljointlyinventmachinestoOrigenwantstopurchaseanefficientdonorcellsOrigenhasjoinedhandswithEmbrexinproducingOrigenistheleadingcompanyinproducing ThetechnologyoffreezingstemcellsfromdifferentstrainsofchickencandoallthefollowingEXCEPT farmerscanordercertainstrainsofchickenOrigencansupplyallthestrainsofchickenthemarketmightchickenfarmersordercertainstrainsofchickenforeconomicchickenfarmerscan dwithwhateverstrain 文章中文翻译

克隆农工业化农场很快会进入一个大产量的新领域。 的公司正在开发一项需要大规模克隆小鸡的技术。一旦一个具有所期望特性的小鸡被孵化出来或被 改造，每小时成千上万的鸡蛋会孵出如出一辙的小鸡滚下生产线。每年上百万的克隆小鸡能被孵化出，从而为鸡场提以同例，量同且道的鸡。这至少是美国国家科技院的梦想，科技院给 细胞。技巧是在细胞开始显示其差别前对其进行培育，这样它们还保持多能性 的另一 制了一个可 A级第41TooLittleforGlobal【全球变暖“缺油” n.世 adj.签约carbondioxide（CO2）二氧化碳envisagev

短语课前预知：shotacrossthebows泼冷水，使……打消计划和念头runout makeup弥补 putforward抓紧进行，推进Cometopass=happen=occur发生 factorin包括，把……计算在内Doomsdayglobalwormingscenarios全区变暖这一世 ernmentalPanelonClimate Thepanel’sworkstill Oilandgaswillrunout1toofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenariostomaterialize,accordingtoacontroversialnewysispresentedthisweekattheUniversityofUppsalainSweden.authorswarnthatallthefuelwillbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretorealizepredictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.Defendingtheirpredictions,scientistsfromtheInterernmentalPanelonClimateChangesaytheyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreserves,andpointoutthatcoal‐burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfall.Butallagreethatburningcoalwouldbeevenworsefortheplanet. TheIPCC'spredictionsofglobalme ownpushedforwardthe1997KyotoProtocol,anagreementobligingsignatorynationstocutCO2emissions.TheIPCCconsideredarangeoffuturescenarios,fromunlimitedburningoffossil‐fuelstoafasttransitiontowardsgreenerenergysources.ButgeologistsAndersSivertsson,KjellAleldettandColinCampbellofUppsalaUniversitysaythereisnotenoughoilandgaslefteventhemostconservativeofthe40IPCCscenariostocometopass. Althoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvary widely,theresearchersarepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethat swillpeakassoonas2010,andgassoonafter.Theirysissuggeststhatoilandgasreservescombinedamounttotheequivalentofabout3,500billionbarrelsofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5,000billionbarrelsestimatedinthemostoptimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverageforecastofabout8,000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimateoftheremaining NebojsaNakicenovic,anenergyeconomistattheUniversityofVienna,Austriawhoheadedthe80‐strongIPCCteamthatproducedtheforecasts,saysthepanel'sworkstillstands.Hesaystheyfactoredinamuchbroaderandinternationallyacceptedrangeofoilandgasestimatesthanthe"conservative"Swedes. Evenifoilandgasrunout,"there'sahugeamountofcoalundergroundthatcouldbeexploited",hesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarioscometrue,butpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.CoalisdirtierthanoilandgasandproducesmoreCO2foreachunitofenergy,aswellasreleasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestysisisa"shotacrossthebows''forpolicymakers. Whatdotheauthorsofthenew ysispresentedattheUniversityofUppsalaintendtosay?TheburningofcoalwillacceleratethearrivalofEarth'sTheoilreservesarebigenoughtomaterializethedoomsdayscenarios.Meltingicecapsandsearingtemperaturesexistonlyinsciencefiction.OilandgaswillrunoutsofastthatEarth'sdoomsdaywillnevermaterialize. NationsthatsignedtheKyotoProtocolagree payattentiontoglobal cutCO2usemoregreenstopusingfossil Whataretheestimatesoftheworld'soilandgasreserves?4,000billionbarrelsbytheaverage8,000billionbarrelsestimatedbythe3,500barrelsenvisagedby3,500billionbyagrowingnu