V动物身体图式的模式建成I课件

DevelopmentalBiologyPatterningthebodyplaninanimals--invertebratesDevelopmentalBiologyPatterninPatternformationisoneoftheessentialprinciplesofdevelopment(I)

Morphogenesisisthedevelopmentalprocessofformingthetissue,organandembryo.Forexample,embryogenesisistheprocessbywhichtheembryowitha

well-orderedspatialarrangementsofdifferentiatedtissuesandorgansisformed.

Morphogenesisinvolvesacombinationofcellproliferation,differentiation,movement,adhesionandinduction.

However,thequestionofhowthismorphogenesishappensisreallyaboutpatternformation（模式建成）.

Patternformationistheprocessofdevelopingaprogrammeorblueprintforconstructingtheembryos.Itinitiallyinvolveslayingdowntheoverall

body

plan

（身体图式）

-definingthemainbodyaxesoftheembryosothatthehead(anterior)andtail(posterior)ends,andtheback(dorsal)andunderside(ventral)arespecified.Patternformationisoneofth

Themainbodyaxesaretheantero-posterioraxis,whichrunsfromtheheadtothetail,andthedorso-ventralaxis,runningfromthebacktothebelly.Thesetwoaxesareatrightanglestoeachother.

Whilethebodyaxesarespecified,theembryoispatternedalongboththeantero-posterior,anddorso-ventralaxes.So,patternformationisbasicallycomprisedofthebodyaxesspecification/formation,andpatterningalongthebodyaxes.

Differentspeciesspecifythebodyaxesatdifferenttimes,usingdifferentmechanisms.

Patternformationisoneoftheessentialprinciplesofdevelopment(II)ThemainbodyaxesaretheanV动物身体图式的模式建成I课件Patterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninanPatterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninanPatterningoftheDrosophilaembryoalongthebodyaxesThebodyaxesarespecifiedinthedevelopingoocyteThebodyaxesarefullyestablishedintheveryearlyembryoAsthedevelopmentproceeds,theembryoispatternedalongthetwoaxes:thatistodividetheembryointodistinctregionsalongbothaxesPatterningoftheDrosophilaePatterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninanTheDrosophilafemalereproductivesystemTheDrosophilafemalereproducEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaOverviewoftheDrosophilaoogenesisOverviewoftheDrosophilaoogDrosophilabodyaxesarespecifiedintheoocyteduringoogenesis

Theantero-posterioraxisoftheDrosophilaoocyteisspecifiedbyinteractionsoftheoocytewiththeposteriorfolliclecellsduringmid-oogenesis.

Thedorso-ventralaxisoftheoocyteisspecifiedbymovementoftheoocytenucleusfollowedbysignalingbetweenoocyteandthesurroundingfolliclecells(卵泡细胞).DrosophilabodyaxesarespeciMechanismsunderlyingspecificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxesinDrosophilaoocyte

Whenafollicle/eggchamberleavesthegermarium,theoocyteisalwaysfoundatthemostposteriorposition

inthegerm-linecyst.Thisposteriorpositioningoftheoocyteplaysakeyroleinspecificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxesintheoocyteduringmid-oogenesis.

Theantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxes

oftheoocytearespecifiedduringmid-oogenesisthroughreciprocalsignalingbetweentheoocyteandthesurroundingepithelialfolliclecells.MechanismsunderlyingspecificTheposteriorpositioningoftheoocyteinthenascenteggchamberplayakeyroleinspecificationofthebodyaxesintheoocyteTheposteriorpositioningoftANotch/DeltaandJAK/Stat-dependentrelaymodelfortheoocytepositioningintheposteriorofeggchambers

Germlinecellsofolderfollicle

Inductionofanteriorpolarcells

Inductionofstalk

UpregulationofDE-cadherinintheposteriorfolliclecellsandtheoocyteofyoungerfolliclePosterioroocytelocalizationin youngerfollicleNotch/DeltaJAK/StatNotch/DeltaANotch/DeltaandJAK/Stat-dep

Thebodyaxesarespecifiedduringmid-oogenesisthroughthereciprocalsignalingbetweentheoocyteandthesurroundingfolliclecellsThebodyaxesarespecifThePFCssendbackaunknownsignaltooocyte

ActivationofproteinkinaseAinoocyte

Microtubulecytoskeletonreorganization

DyneinmovesthebicoidmRNAtotheanteriorendoftheeggKinesinImovestheoskarmRNAtotheposteriorendThePFCssendbackaunknownsV动物身体图式的模式建成I课件Patterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninan

SettinguptheDrosophilabodyaxes

ThebodyaxesarealreadlyspecifiedintheDrosophilaegg,andbecomefullyestablishedandpatternedintheveryearlyembryowhileitisstillinthesyncytialblastoderm（合胞体胚盘）.

Organizationalongtheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxesoftheearlyembryodevelopsmoreorlesssimultaneously,butissetupbyindependentmechanismsandbydifferentsetsofgenesineachaxis.

PatterningoftheDrosophilaembryooccursalongthetwobodyaxes:thatistodividetheembryointodistinctregionsalongboththeantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxes.SettinguptheDrosophilabodyThreeclassesofmaternalgenesareinvolvedinsettinguptheantero-posterioraxisintheveryearlyembryo(I)

Atmid-oogenesis,theantero-posterioraxisisspecifiedintheeggbythelocalizeddistributionofthematernalgenemRNAs,suchasbicoidmRNAintheanterior,andoskarmRNAintheposterior.

Uponfertilization,thesemRNAscanbetranslatedintoproteins.Attheanteriorpole,bicoidmRNAistranslatedintoBicoidprotein,whichdiffusesthroughouttheblastodermandformsaconcentrationgradientthatishighestattheanterior.Atthe

posteriorpole,thenanosmRNAinassociationwithOskarproteinistranslatedintoNanosprotein,formingagradientthatishighestattheposterior.Thus,thegradientsofthesematernalproteins(BicoidandNanos)determinetheantero-posterioraxisintheearlyembryo.ThreeclassesofmaternalgeneBicoidproteinformsanantero-posteriorconcentrationgradientintheearlyembryoToppanel:

themRNAisvisualizedbyinsituhybridizationMiddlepanel:theBicoidproteinisstainedwithalabeledantibodyBicoidproteinformsananteroThebicoidgeneisnecessaryforthedevelopmentoftheanteriorstructuresThebicoidgeneisnecessaryfThebicoidgeneisnecessaryforthedevelopmentoftheanteriorstructuresThebicoidgeneisnecessaryfMutationsinnanosgeneleadtolackingalargepartoftheposteriorregion(abodomen)MutationsinnanosgeneleadtAmodelofantero-posterioraxisgeneratedbytheDrosophilamaternaleffectgenesAmodelofantero-posteriorax

InadditiontoBicoidandNanosproteins,thereisthirdsetofmaternalgeneswhoseproteinsgeneratetheextremitiesoftheantero-posterioraxis.Acriticalgenehereappearstobetorso,ageneencodingareceptortyrosinekinase(RTK).

Threeclassesofmaternalgenesareinvolvedinsettinguptheantero-posterioraxisintheveryearlyembryo(II)

InadditiontoBicoidandNanMutationsintorsogeneleadtolackingthestructuresattheextremeendsoftheantero-posterioraxis,acronandtelsonMutationsintorsogeneleadt

Whileandaftertheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxesareestablishedintheveryearlyembryo,patterningoftheembryooccursalongthebodyaxes.

Alongtheantero-posterioraxistheembryobecomesdividedintoseveralbroadregions,whichwillbecomethehead,thorax,andabdomenofthelarvaandadult.Typically,thethoraxandabdomenbecomedividedintosegmentsastheembryodevelops.Eachsegmenthasitsownuniquecharacter,asrevealedbyitsexternalcuticularstructures.

TheembryoispatternedalongtheAPaxisthroughthecontrolofdifferentsetsofzygoticgeneexpressionbythematernalgenesWhileandaftertheantero-poTherelationshipbetweenparasegmentsandsegmentsintheearlyembryo,lateembryo,andadultflyTherelationshipbetweenparasT1:legsonlyT2:wingsandlegsT3:halteresandlegsComparisonoflarvalandadultsegmentationinDrosophilaThethreethoracicsegmentscanbedistinguishedbytheirappendagesT1:legsonlyComparisonoflarTheNobelprizeinphysiology&medicinein1995wasawardedto3developmentalbiologistsfortheirworkinthegeneticcontroloftheearlyembryonicdevelopmentinDrosophilaChristianeNüsslein-Volhard

EricF.Wieschaus

EdwardB.Lewis

TheNobelprizeinphysiologyThesequentialexpressionofdifferentsetsofzygoticgenespatternsthebodyplanalongtheAPaxisSegmentpolaritygenesHomeoticselectorgenesThesequentialexpressionofdBicoid---anteriormorphogen(Theproteingradientfromyellowtored)Hunchback/Kruppel---gapgeneprotein(Orange:thedomainofHunchbackexpressiononly;Green:thedomainofKruppelexpression;Yellow:overlapbetweenHunchbackandKruppel)

FushiTarazu---pair-rulegeneproteinEngrailed---segmentpolaritygeneproteinThetemporalandspatialexpressionofthosematernalandzygoticgenescontrolsthepatterningoftheembryoalongtheAPaxisBicoid---anteriormorphogenHunSpecificationoftheidentity(characteristicstrucutre)ofeachsegmentisaccomplishedbythehomeoticselectorgenesTheAntennapediacomplexlabandDfd---theheadsegmentsScrandAntp---thethoracicsegmentsTheBithoraxcomplexUbx

---thethirdthoracicsegmentAbdAandAbdB---theabdominalsegmentsSpecificationoftheidentityLoss-of-functionmutationsintheUltrabithoraxgenecantransformthe3rdthoracicsegmentintoanother2ndthoracicsegment,producingafour-wingedflyLoss-of-functionmutationsinEctopicexpressionofAntennapediageneintheheadleadstolegsratherthanantennaegrowingoutoftheheadsocketsWildtypeMutantEctopicexpressionofAntenna1stand2ndthoracicsegments3rdthoracicsegmentsandabdominalsegments1stand2ndthoracicsegments3

Thebodyaxesarespecifiedduringmid-oogenesisthroughthereciprocalsignalingbetweentheoocyteandthesurroundingfolliclecellsThebodyaxesarespecifThegurkenmRNAanditsproteinarelocalizedbetweentheoocyteandthedorsalfolliclecellsoftheovaryThegurkenmRNATheGurkenproteinThe

GurkenproteinTheactinThegurkenmRNAanditsproteiSchematicrepresentationofthegenerationofdorsal-ventralaxisinDrosophilaembryoPipe:aheparansulfatesulfotransferase;Pelle:aproteinkinasePipeexpressiononlyinventralfolliclecellsActivationofTollsignalingpathwayinventralsideofearlyembryosTranslocationofDorsalproteintonucleusintheventralsideFormationofthenucleargradientofDorsalalongthedorsal-ventralaxisSchematicrepresentationofthRoleoftheTollsignalingpathwayinpatterningoftheembryosalongtheDVaxisRoleoftheTollsignalingpatThedorso-ventralaxisisestablishedinearlyembryobytheintranuclearconcentrationgradientofDorsalproteinfromtheventraltodorsalThedorso-ventralaxisisestaV动物身体图式的模式建成I课件

TheembryoispatternedalongtheDVaxisthroughregulatingthezygoticgeneexpressionbythenucleargradientofDorsalprotein

Thedorso-ventralaxisoftheembryobecomesdividedintofourdistinctregionsearlyinembryogenesis:fromventraltodorsaltherearethemesoderm,whichwillformmusclesandotherinternalconnectivetissues;theventralectoderm,whichgivesrisetothelarvalnervoussystemandisthusalsocalledtheneurogenicectodermorneurectoderm;thedorsalectoderm,whichgivesrisetothelarvalepidermis;andtheamnioserosa,whichgivesrisetoanextra-embryonicmembraneonthedorsalsideoftheembryo.

ThegradientofDorsalproteininthenucleisubdividestheembryoalongthedorso-ventralaxisthroughregulatingthezygoticgeneexpression.TheembryoispatternedalongPatterningoftheDrosophilaembryoThebodyaxesarefullyestablishedintheveryearlyembryoAsthedevelopmentproceeds,theembryoispatternedalongthetwoaxes:thatistodividetheembryointodistinctregionsalongbothaxesPatterningoftheDrosophilaeV动物身体图式的模式建成I课件

ThegeneticcontrolofpatterningoftheembryoalongtheDVaxisbythegradientofDorsalproteininthenuclusThegeneticcontrolofpatterChangeinthenucleargradientofDorsalproteincancausedorsalizationorventralizationoftheembryoChangeinthenucleargradientV动物身体图式的模式建成I课件Loss-of-functionmutationsingenecactuscauseventralizationofthelarvaeTheventraldenticlebeltsincuticlepreparationofthewildtypeembryoLoss-of-functionmutationsinLoss-of-functionmutationsingenecactuscauseventralizationofthelarvaeTheventraldenticlebeltsincuticlepreparationofthewildtypeembryoVentralizationphenotypeincactusmutantembryosLoss-of-functionmutationsinSchematicrepresentationofthegenerationofdorsal-ventralaxisinDrosophilaembryoSchematicrepresentationofthThesnakemutanteggsdevelopintothedorsalizedlarvaeThemutantlarvaconsistingentirelyofdorsalcellsRescueofthedorsalizationphenotypeinlarvaedevelopedfromsnakemutanteggsthatreceivedinjectionofmRNAfromwild-typeeggsThesnakemutanteggsdevelopLossoffunctionmutationsinlglproducealethalmalignanttumor-likephenotypeinDrosophilaDeLorenzoetal,1999lethal(2)giantlarvae(lgl)LossoffunctionmutationsinTheabsenceoflglgenefunctionblockstheeggdevelopmentatcertainstagesFusedeggchambersMultilayweredaccumulationoffollicularcellsatbothextremitiesofeggchambersTheabsenceoflglgenefunctiThequestionremainstobeaddressedHowdoesLglfunctioninDrosophilaoogenesis?ThequestionremainstobeaddMutationsinlglcauseoocytemispositioningintheeggchamber

a-OrbWTMutationsinlglcauseoocyteMutationsinlglcauseoocytemispositioningintheeggchamber

a-OrbWTlglts3/lgl4MutationsinlglcauseoocyteThegermlinelglactivityisnotessentialfortheposteriorlocalizationoftheoocyteintheeggchambera-Orblgl4FRTcloneThegermlinelglactivityisnLglisrequiredinthefolliclecellstoregulatethecorrectpositioningoftheoocyteintheeggchambera-Orblgl4FRTcloneLglisrequiredinthefolliclCoincidencebetweentheoocytemispositioningandtheeggchamberfusionswasobservedinlglmutantsa-Orblglts3/lgl4CoincidencebetweentheoocyteCoincidencebetweentheoocytemispositioningandtheeggchamberfusionswasobservedinlglmutantsa-Orblglts3/lgl4lgl4FRTcloneCoincidencebetweentheoocyteLglisrequiredforthestalkcelldifferentiationlinkedtotheoocytepositioningintheanterioradjacenteggchambera-Orba-BibWTLglisrequiredforthestalkLglisrequiredforthestalkcelldifferentiationlinkedtotheoocytepositioningintheanterioradjacenteggchambera-Orba-Biba-Orba-BibWTlgl4FRTcloneLglisrequiredforthestalkLglisrequiredforthestalkcelldifferentiationlinkedtotheoocytepositioningintheanterioradjacenteggchamberAnti-b-GalWTlgl4FRTclone93Freporter93FreporterLglisrequiredforthestalkLglisrequiredfortheinitialpositioningoftheoocyte,ratherjustforitsmaintenanceattheposteriorofthedevelopingeggchambersa-OrbWTLglisrequiredfortheinitiaLglisrequiredfortheinitialpositioningoftheoocyte,ratherjustforitsmaintenanceattheposteriorofthedevelopingeggchambersa-OrbWTlglts3/lgl4LglisrequiredfortheinitiaLglisrequiredfortheinitialpositioningoftheoocyte,ratherjustforitsmaintenanceattheposteriorofthedevelopingeggchambersa-Orblglts3/lgl4WTlgl4FRTcloneLglisrequiredfortheinitiaLglfunctionsintheoocytepositioningbyaffectingtheDE-cadherinmediatedadhesionbetweenoocyteandposteriorfolliclecellsa-Arma-EglWTLglfunctionsintheoocytepoLglfunctionsintheoocytepositioningbyaffectingtheDE-cadherinmediatedadhesionbetweenoocyteandposteriorfolliclecellsa-Arma-EglWTlgl4FRTcloneLglfunctionsintheoocytepoSummary(I)LglisrequiredfortheestablishmentoftheinitialAPasymmetry.

Loss-of-functionmutationsinlglcausemispositioningoftheoocyteintheanterioradjacentoneofthefusedeggchambers,duetolackofthestalkdifferentiation.Summary(I)Lglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongtheanteroposterior(AP)axisatmid-oogenesisa-StaufenWTLglisrequiredfortheformatLglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongtheanteroposterior(AP)axisatmid-oogenesisa-StaufenWTlgl4FRTcloneLglisrequiredfortheformatLglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongtheanteroposterior(AP)axisatmid-oogenesisa-Staufenlgl4FRTcloneWTlgl4FRTcloneLglisrequiredfortheformatLglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongthedorsoventral(DV)axisatmid-oogenesisa-GurkenWTLglisrequiredfortheformatLglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongthedorsoventral(DV)axisatmid-oogenesisa-GurkenWTlglts3/lgl4LglisrequiredfortheformatLglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongthedorsoventral(DV)axisatmid-oogenesisa-GurkenWTlglts3/lgl4lgl4FRTcloneLglisrequiredfortheformatInactivationofLglcouldresultinafailuretoreorganizetheoocyteMTcytoskeletonatmid-oogenesisa-KinesinWTInactivationofLglcouldresuInactivationofLglcouldresultinafailuretoreorganizetheoocyteMTcytoskeletonatmid-oogenesisa-Kinesinlgl4FRTcloneWTInactivationofLglcouldresuInactivationofLglcouldresultinafailuretoreorganizetheoocyteMTcytoskeletonatmid-oogenesisa-KinesinWTlgl4FRTclonelgl4FRTcloneInactivationofLglcouldresuMutationsinLglintheposteriorfolliclecellsleadtodefectsindifferentiationofthosemutantcellsa-Fasciclin3WTMutationsinLglintheposterMutationsinLglintheposteriorfolliclecellsleadtodefectsindifferentiationofthosemutantcellsa-Fasciclin3WTlgl4FRTcloneMutationsinLglintheposterDefectiveposteriorfolliclecelldifferentiationisresponsiblefortheoocytepolarityphenotypeinlglmutantsAnti-b-GalWT998/12reporterDefectiveposteriorfolliclecAnti-b-GalDefectiveposteriorfolliclecelldifferentiationisresponsiblefortheoocytepolarityphenotypeinlglmutants998/12reporterWTlgl4FRTclone998/12reporterAnti-b-GalDefectiveposteriorAnti-b-GalDefectiveposteriorfolliclecelldifferentiationisresponsiblefortheoocytepolarityphenotypeinlglmutantsWT998/12reporterlgl4FRTclone998/12reporter998/12reporterlgl4FRTcloneAnti-b-GalDefectiveposteriorSummary(II)LglisrequiredfortheformationoftheoocytepolarityalongtheAPandDVaxesatmid-oogenesis.

Removalofthelglgenefunctionfromtheposteriorfolliclecellsresultsinalossoftheoocytepolaritythatiselicitedbythefailureofthoseposteriorcellstodifferentiatenormally.Summary(II)

Li,Q.,Xin,T.,Chen,W.,Zhu,M.,andLi,M.CellResearch.2008,18:372-384 Li,Q.,Xin,T.,Chen,W.,Zhu,Currentworkandfuturedirection Explorethemechanismsunderlyingthedefectsindifferentiationofthestalkcellsandposteriorfolliclecellsinlglmutantsduringoogenesis:

Notch/Deltasignaling

JAK/STATsignaling EGFRsignalingCurrentworkandfuturedirect91可编辑感谢下载91可编辑感谢下载DevelopmentalBiologyPatterningthebodyplaninanimals--invertebratesDevelopmentalBiologyPatterninPatternformationisoneoftheessentialprinciplesofdevelopment(I)

Morphogenesisisthedevelopmentalprocessofformingthetissue,organandembryo.Forexample,embryogenesisistheprocessbywhichtheembryowitha

well-orderedspatialarrangementsofdifferentiatedtissuesandorgansisformed.

Morphogenesisinvolvesacombinationofcellproliferation,differentiation,movement,adhesionandinduction.

However,thequestionofhowthismorphogenesishappensisreallyaboutpatternformation（模式建成）.

Patternformationistheprocessofdevelopingaprogrammeorblueprintforconstructingtheembryos.Itinitiallyinvolveslayingdowntheoverall

body

plan

（身体图式）

-definingthemainbodyaxesoftheembryosothatthehead(anterior)andtail(posterior)ends,andtheback(dorsal)andunderside(ventral)arespecified.Patternformationisoneofth

Themainbodyaxesaretheantero-posterioraxis,whichrunsfromtheheadtothetail,andthedorso-ventralaxis,runningfromthebacktothebelly.Thesetwoaxesareatrightanglestoeachother.

Whilethebodyaxesarespecified,theembryoispatternedalongboththeantero-posterior,anddorso-ventralaxes.So,patternformationisbasicallycomprisedofthebodyaxesspecification/formation,andpatterningalongthebodyaxes.

Differentspeciesspecifythebodyaxesatdifferenttimes,usingdifferentmechanisms.

Patternformationisoneoftheessentialprinciplesofdevelopment(II)ThemainbodyaxesaretheanV动物身体图式的模式建成I课件Patterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninanPatterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninanPatterningoftheDrosophilaembryoalongthebodyaxesThebodyaxesarespecifiedinthedevelopingoocyteThebodyaxesarefullyestablishedintheveryearlyembryoAsthedevelopmentproceeds,theembryoispatternedalongthetwoaxes:thatistodividetheembryointodistinctregionsalongbothaxesPatterningoftheDrosophilaePatterningthebodyplaninanimals1DevelopmentoftheDrosophilabodyplan1.1Specificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxisinDrosophilaoocyte1.2SettingupthebodyaxesinDrosophila1.3PatterningtheDrosophilaembryo2Patterningthevertebratebodyplan2.1Settingupthebodyaxesinamphibians(Xenopus)2.2Somiteformationandantero-posteriorpatterning2.3PatterningthevertebratenervoussystemPatterningthebodyplaninanTheDrosophilafemalereproductivesystemTheDrosophilafemalereproducEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaEggdevelopmentinDrosophilaOverviewoftheDrosophilaoogenesisOverviewoftheDrosophilaoogDrosophilabodyaxesarespecifiedintheoocyteduringoogenesis

Theantero-posterioraxisoftheDrosophilaoocyteisspecifiedbyinteractionsoftheoocytewiththeposteriorfolliclecellsduringmid-oogenesis.

Thedorso-ventralaxisoftheoocyteisspecifiedbymovementoftheoocytenucleusfollowedbysignalingbetweenoocyteandthesurroundingfolliclecells(卵泡细胞).DrosophilabodyaxesarespeciMechanismsunderlyingspecificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxesinDrosophilaoocyte

Whenafollicle/eggchamberleavesthegermarium,theoocyteisalwaysfoundatthemostposteriorposition

inthegerm-linecyst.Thisposteriorpositioningoftheoocyteplaysakeyroleinspecificationoftheantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxesintheoocyteduringmid-oogenesis.

Theantero-posterioranddorso-ventralaxes

oftheoocytearespecifiedduringmid-oogenesisthroughreciprocalsignalingbetweentheoocyteandthesurroundingepithelialfolliclecells.MechanismsunderlyingspecificTheposteriorpositioningoftheoocyteinthenascenteggchamberplayakeyroleinspecificationofthebodyaxesintheoocyteTheposteriorpositioningoftANotch/DeltaandJAK/Stat-dependentrelaymodelfortheoocytepositioningintheposteriorofeggchambers

Germlinecellsofolderfollicle

Inductionofanteriorpolarcells

Inductionofstalk

UpregulationofDE-cadherinintheposteriorfolliclecellsandtheoocyteofyoungerfolliclePosterioroocytelocalizationin youngerfollicleNotch/DeltaJAK/StatNotch/DeltaANotch/DeltaandJAK/St