语言模式与美感课程教学大纲

语言模式与美感课程教学大纲（适用对象：英语专业本科三年级）一、说明课程简介：本课程内容包括语音与格律的模式、它们在诗中的运用以及分析诗的方法；词法与词类及其构成短语、句子和较大语篇单位的方式；语言的变异用法与常规用法、前景化、语义、语境、语域、字面语言与比喻语言等概念，讨论作者如何通过隐语、借喻等手段最大限度地利用语言的意义；戏剧分析、小说分析的方法；非文学语篇中语音与意义的运用模式、词汇的创造性；以及语言学与文学批评的关系、文本与读者、作为语篇的文本、批评语言学的语篇分析等问题。各部分内容之间有相对的独立性，又存在有机的联系。编写依据：根据2000年教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，英语专业的学生需要了解人类语言研究的丰富成果，提高对语言的社会、人文、经济、科技以及个人修养等方面重要性的认识，培养语言意识，发展理性思维。本课程有助于拓宽学生的思路与视野，前面提高他们的素质。目的任务：本课程为英语专业选修课，旨在比较系统地阐述用语言学的方法探讨文学文本，按照客观的而不是主观的标准讨论语篇，强调语言的美感特征。通过学习，学生应掌握语言文学研究中的基本内容及有关新成果、新理论，也应具备一定的运用各基础理论来分析语言现象及文学作品的能力。课程类别：专业选修课二、教学安排与学时分配表学时教学安排教学基本内容授课讨论习题实践小计第一章Introduction----PhilosophicalConsiderations22第二章Phonologicalfeatures(1)22第三章Phonologicalfeatures(2)22第四章Lexicalfeatures(1)22第五章Lexicalfeatures(2)22第六章Syntacticfeatures22第七章Semanticfeatures(1)22第八章Semanticfeatures(2)22第九章FeaturesofDrama22第十章Featuresofspeechindramaandfiction22第十一章Pragmaticsandconversation(1)22第十二章Pragmaticsandconversation(2)22第十三章Stylisticfeaturesofrealisttexts(1)22第十四章Stylisticfeaturesofrealisttexts(2)22第十五章Stylisticfeaturesofrealisttexts(3)22第十六章Stylisticfeaturesofmodernisttexts22第十七章Languagepatternsinpopulartexts22第十八章Linguisticsandliterarycriticism22合计（学时数）3636三、教学内容与知识点第一章知识点：I.Componentsofphilosophy:1.Aesthetics,(美学)thestudyofthenatureofbeautyinthefinearts,partofphilosophy:“loveofwisdom”,therationalandcriticalinquiryintobasicprinciples,2.Metaphysics,（玄学）theinvestigationofultimatereality3.Epistemology,（认识论）thestudyoftheorigins,validity,andlimitsofknowledge4.Ethics,（伦理学）thestudyofthenatureofmoralityandjudgmentII.Thenatureofaesthetics第二章知识点：I.Soundpatternsforbeautyandstress:1.Endrhyme(Mr.White/Hadafight)2.Internalrhyme(Mr.Whitehadafight)3.Alliteration(me,my)4.Assonance(come,love)5.Consonance(will,all)6.Pararhyme(live,love)7.Reverserhyme(with,will)8.halfrhyme(love,prove)9.Repetition(thesea,thesea)II.Stresspatternswithmusicaleffect:1.Typesoffoot(rhythm)

2.Typesofmetre(innumber)

第三章知识点：III.Conventionsinmetreandsound1.Couplet:twolinesconnectedbyarhyme

2.Quatrain:stanzaofdouble-rhyme4lines

3.Blankverse:iniambicpentameter(norhyme)

4.Freeverse:withlittlerhymeormetrelinesina-a-b-b-arhyme

5.Limerick:versewith5usuallyanapesticlinesina-a-b-b-arhyme

6.Sonnet:14linesiniambicpentametreIV.Poeticfunctionsofsoundandmetre1.Foraestheticpleasurelikemusic2.Toconformtoastylelikefashion3.Toshowachallengetoaconvention4.Toshowtechnicalskillforintellectualpleasure5.Foremphasisorcontrast6.Onomatopoeia---第四章知识点：1.Morphology:morphemedeviationalmorphemesinflectionalmorphemeswordclassopenandclosedclasswords2.Lexicaldeviationandestheticeffect第五章知识点：3.Word-classdeviationandestheticeffect;4.ChecklistforlexicalanalysisNouns:abstract/concrete?towhatreference?b.Adjective:towhatattribute?

c.Verbs:stative/dynamic?towhatreference?transitiveorintransitive?linking(intensive)/factive/non-factive?d.Adverbs:ofwhatsemanticfunction?anysignificantuseofsentenceadverbs?第六章知识点：1.Sentencetype.2.Sentencecomplexity.3.Clausetype.4.Nounphrase.5.Verbphrase.6.Otherphrasetype.7.Finiteverbphrase.8.Non-finiteverbphrase.9.Syntacticforegroundingandestheticeffect:第七章知识点：1.Levelsofsemanticconsideration2.Vocabularyasevidenceforculturalhistory:polysyllabic—French,Latin,Greekorigin

monosyllabic—Germanicorigin3.semanticfields;4.Contextconcernsexternalrelationsofatextorapartofatextseenasaauthor-readerorcharacter-characterdiscourse,5.Priorknowledge/experienceasexophoricreferencealsoaffectstheinterpretation.6.Cohesion.7.Tropes.8.RhetoricandAesthetics9.Broadsenseofrhetoric;10.Narrowsenseofrhetoric;11.Commonlyusedfiguresofspeech;第八章知识点：12.Rhetoricoftextanddiscourse;1.Discourse;2.Text;3.Toneunits--unitsofintonation;4.Graphicunits--thepiecesoftextsegmentedbypunctuation

5.End-focus-6.End-weight7.Segmentation8.Segmentationandthe‘rhythmofprose’9.Segmentationandsyntax10.Theprincipleofclimax11.Periodicsentencestructure12.Memoryprinciple13.Loosestructure14.Addresser-basedrhetoric:

a.‘Firstismostimportant’b.Useofparentheses15.Iconicity--theimitationprinciple:

第九章知识点：1.Dramaaspoetry:withrhymeandrhythm2.Dramaasfiction:withplotandcharacter,butwithoutnarrativevoice3.Dramaasconversation:toshowpeople’srelationshipsbywhattheysay4.Statusindramamarkedthroughlanguage:

you—inferior/polite/distant/respect/cold(P138)

thou—intimate/superior/contempt/rude

5.Statusindramamarkedthroughregister(P140):

rhymingcoupletsofiambicpentametre--fairies

rhymingcoupletsandblankverse--nobilityunscannedspeeches—ordinaryworkingpeople

6.Stagesofanalyzingdramatictexts:(P142-143)

a.paraphraseanextractfromthedramatictext;

b.writeacommentaryonthesamescene;

c.analyzethesamescenewithatheoreticalmodelofdiscourseanalysisfromaspecificviewpoint.第十章知识点：1.Normalnon-fluency:hesitationpausesfalsestartssyntacticanomaliesproductionerrors2.Idiolect:thelinguistic‘thumbprint’ofaparticularperson,mostnoticeableonthegraphologicallevelforauthenticity;3.Dynamicsofturn-taking:waytounderstandhumanbehaviorinconversation;4.discoursemarkers5.Discoursecohesion6.Turnquantityandlength7.Exchangesequences:Languagepatternsforinterpersonalexchanges第十一章知识点：I.Conversationalimplicatures:thebasisoftraditionalrhetoricalfiguressuchasmetaphor,hyperboleandirony,waysof‘failingtosaywhatonemeans’;2.themotivationforsuchindirectnessliesinpersonalfactorsviolatingconversationalcooperativeprinciples/maxims;II.Conversationalcooperativeprinciples/maxims:1.Themaximofquantity:withrequiredamountofinformation

2.Themaximofquality:withtruthbasedonsolidevidence

3.Themaximofrelation:relevancetothepoint

4.Themaximofmanner:freefromambiguity,obscurityandwordiness

III.Pragmaticsandconversation:

1.Semantics---concernedwiththerepresentation,

throughlanguagesystem,ofreferential‘reality’2.Pragmatics---concernedwiththeenactment,

throughlanguage,of‘situationalreality’.

3.Pragmaticanalysisoflanguage--theinvestigation

intothataspectofmeaningderivedfromtheway

utterancesareusedandhowtheyrelatetothe

contextinwhichtheyareuttered,ratherthanfrom

theformalpropertiesofwordsandconstructions.

第十二章知识点：4.Speechact--thewayutterancesaremade:neutralappreciativeaffirmativedepreciativedeclarativeinterrogativeimperative,5.Speechactsandtheirnarrativeformsinfiction:

6.Presuppositions7.Register8.Speechandsilence

第十三章知识点：1.Stylisticfeaturesofrealist/readerlytexts:a.representationofplacedetailedpaintingoftherealisticsurroundings;

b.representationoftimespecificreferencetoagiventimebytimemarker,c.representationofdialogued.theomniscientnarrator--whiletellingthestory,commentsonandmakesjudgmentsabouttheeventsandthecharactersbyvariousdevicesofspeechorthoughtpresentation.2.Notionsofspeechorthoughtpresentation:a.DirectspeechDSb.IndirectspeechISc.FreedirectspeechFDSd.FreeindirectspeechFIS

e.NarrativereportofspeechactNRSA

f.NarrativereportofthoughtactNRTAg.DirectthoughtDT

h.FreedirectthoughtFDTi.IndirectthoughtITj.FreeindirectthoughtFIT第十四章知识点：theroleofnarratorinfreedirectspeechpresentationtheroleofnarratorinfreeindirectspeechpresentationtheroleofnarratorinnarrativereportofspeechacttheroleofnarratorinfreedirectthoughtpresentationtheroleofnarratorinfreeindirectthoughtpresentationtheroleofnarratorinnarrativereportofthoughtactthedifferenceinnormbetweenspeechandthoughtpresentationtherhetoricaleffectofthefreeformofspeechpresentationeachtherhetoricaleffectofthefreeformofthoughtpresentationeachphilosophicalhypothesesofthefreeformofspeechandthoughtpresentation第十五章知识点：1.Freedirectspeechinrealisttext:itseffectofspeedingupthepaceofexchangeofwords2.Freedirectthoughtinrealisttext:itseffectofpresentingfictionalpointofview3.Presenttimemarkersinrealisttext:itseffectininvitingreaders’participation第十六章知识点：1.Stylisticfeaturesofmodernisttexts:a.languageasasubstanceinitsownright;(P170)b.narrative-dialoguediscourseboundaryisblurredwith‘streamofconsciousness’:(P171)c.collage:asinart,useofallusionstootherliteraryworksasawaytoexplore20thcenturylifeandmeaningsrelatedtopreviousWesterncultures.d.juxtaposehighandlowculturalformstostressthedifferenceinvalueofthetwocultures.2.Stylisticfeaturesofpostmodernisttexts:(P174-79)a.withanarchicdisrespectfortraditionandstatusaimingattheendofculturalhierarchy;

b.emphasisonlanguageformmorethancontent;

c.lossofnarrativeclosure;

d.parody:imitatesotherworksinordertomockit;

pastiche:aprocessofmixingstylesorimitatingstylesofother’sworkforhumorouseffect;(P176)

e.stressonnatureoftexts,ignoringtheworldoutsidethetext;(P178)filledwithironyandhumor.第十七章知识点：1.Linguisticfeaturesofnewsheadline----Soundpatternsintheformofalliteration,consonance,assonance,andsemanticconnotation:2.Targetthereaderinfollowingwaysbyadverts:3.Referenceanddeixis;4.Metaphorsinadvertising(asseeninacaradvert);第十八章知识点：I.Thesignificanceofthesystematicandscientificstudyofliterarytexts:Differentiationbetween‘literary’and‘non-literary’formsoflanguageEngagementinobjectivedescriptionoftextsratherthaninsubjectiveevaluationII.Textsandthereader:Reading