上海黄浦区2018年高考模拟卷附答案

黄浦区2018年高考模拟卷GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank(A)Positivethinkingcanhelpyouwin.SomeathletescanreachgreatgoalssuchaswinninganOlympicgoldmedal.Othersneverliveuptotheirpromise.Whatkindofpreparationbefore25raceorothereventmakesthedifference?Everyoneknowsthatathletessparenoeffort26(strengthen)theirbodies.Butresearchshowsthatstrengtheningthemindmaybejustasimportant.Carefulstudyindicatesthatthebestathleteswinpartly27theythinktheycanwin.Thinkingpositivethoughtsseemtogivethepossibilityforsuccessinsports.Peoplewhosaytothemselvesoverandover"IknowI28dothis"oftenfindthattheyhavetheadvantagetowin.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhothink"Ican'twin"oftenfail.Oneprocedure29helpsmanyathletesiscreatingpicturesintheirmind.Theyaretoldtothinkofeachmovetheymustdo.Someusemorefancifulpictures.Oneskaterlikedtoimagineastarburstinginsideher,30(fill)herwithenergy.AnotherathletewhowantedtofeelcalmpicturedhimselfasabirdfloatingintheairNexttimeyouwanttomakeprogress,trytrainingyourmindtohelpyou.Perhapsateacherorotherinstructorscanhelpyouplanyourtraining.Ifyouimagineyourselfdoing31(well),youmaysoonseeimprovementsin32youreallycando.Positivethinkingandpicturescreatedinyourmindcanhelpyouwin!(B)TwoBrithshcoloniesAustralia,thelastcontinent,wasdiscoveredbyshipsbelongingtosomeEuropeannationsinthe17thcentury.Thesenationswerelessinterestedinchangingitintoacolonythaninexploringit.AsintheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStates,itwastheEnglish33setupthesettlementsinAustralia.ThishistoryandthegeographyofthesetwoBritishcolonieshavesome34thingsincommonaswell.AustraliaandtheUnitedStatesareaboutthesameinsize,andtheirwesternlandsarebothnotrichinsoil,ItwastheeasterncoastofAustraliaandAmericathattheEnglishfirstsettled,andbothcoloniessoonbegantodeveloptowardsthewest.However,thiswestwardmovementtookplacemorebecausetheEnglish35(search)forbetterlandthanbecausethepopulationwasincreasing.Settlementsofthewesternpartofbothcountriesdevelopedquicklyaftergold36(discover)inAmericain1849andinAustraliatwoyearslater.Althoughthedevelopmentofthesetwocountrieshasalotincommon,therearesomestrikingdifferencesaswell.TheUnitedStatesgaineditsindependencefromEnglandbyrevolutionwhileAustraliawonitsindependencewithout37(go)towar.Australia,firstly38(turn)intoacolonybyEnglishprisoners,wasunlikeTheUnitedStates,anditseconomicdevelopmentwasinwheatgrowingandsheepraising.By1922,forexample,Australiahadfifteentimesmoresheepthanithadpeople,oralmosthalfasmanysheepastherearepeopletodayintheUnitedStates.Yet,39theseandothermaindifferences,AustraliaandtheUnitedStateshavemoreincommonwitheachotherthaneitherone40(have)withmostoftherestoftheworldSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.benefitB.welcomeC.familiarD.reachE.settingF.evolutionG.lastingH.reputationI.goalJ.introducingK.workWheneverItravel,ImeetinternationalleaderswhohavestudiedinBritain.Theseenergetic,intelligentpeoplechoseBritainbecauseweofferhighqualityhighereducation.ThisisgoodnewsfortheUK.Peoplewhoareeducatedherehavea_41_tietoourcountry.TheypromoteBritainaroundtheworld,helpingourtradeandourdiplomacy.Itiseasierforourexecutivesandourdiplomatstodobusinesswithpeople_42__withBritain.Britainexportsofeducationandtrainingareworthsomeeightbillionpoundsayear.Moneyfeedsintoourinstitutionsandhelpsour_43_toopenupopportunitiesformorepeopletostudy.Ouryoungpeoplealso_44_.Theygainfromthedoorsintheworldwhichcontactwithinternationalstudents.Wecanteach,butwecanalsolearnfromothers.Nowadays,wearelaunchingalong-termstrategytostrengthentheUnitedKingdomasafirstchoiceforthequalityofstudyandthequalityofour_45__tointernationalstudents.ThiswillbeaUK-wideandaGovernment-wideeffort.Weare_46_apackageofmeasurestohelpencouragestudentsfromoverseastostudyintheUK.Wewillofferinternationalstudentsmoreopendoors...Wehavethemeasuresinplace,butwearealso_47_toughtargetsforrecruitment(招募).Wewanttohave25percentoftheglobalmarketshareofhighereducationstudentsandwewanttoincreasethenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginFurtherEducationinstitutionsby100percent.Ouraimisto_48_thesetargetsin5years.Toughtargets,butdeliverable.Whilegivingtheseundertakings,Ialsowanttolaydownachallengetoothers.Tobusiness---Iaskyouto_49__withtheBritishCounciloverseastomarketeducation.Andtouniversitiesandcolleges---1askyoutoliveuptoyour_50__,toprofessionaliseyourapproach,todeliveraqualityeducationtooverseasstudentsthatencouragesinvolvementandrisestothechallengeofourcompetitors,toworkaspartnerstogether.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheUnitedStatesdoesnothaveagovernmentofficethatregulatesthefilmindustry.Government,_51_,doeslinkwiththemoviebusinessinseveralways.IntheUnitedStates,filmsgenerallycomefromtwo_52__:largestudiosthatproducemanyfilmsandtelevisionprogramseachyearandindependentfilmmakers,includingbothstudentsandexperiencedfilmmakers.Sometimesthroughgrantsfromuniversitiesorartsorhumanitiescouncils--independentfilmmakersdoreceive_53_indirectlyfromfundingthatoriginatedwiththelocal,state,orfederalgovernment,butmoreoftenfundingcomesfromprivateinvestorsorthroughcharityorganizations_54__eitherpromotionofartsorpromotionofacausebeingaddressedbyafilm.Whilethereisno_55__offilm,therearemanygovernmentofficesthatinteractwiththefilmindustry.Atthestateandlocallevels,governmentfilmofficespromotelocalfilmlocationsbecauseuseoftheirlocalbringsemploymentandother__56_advantagestopromotelocaltouristsites.Theseofficesalsohelpfilmmakersworkwiththepoliceandothersto_57__filmingthatimpactstraffic,usepublicbuildings,orotherwiseneedsspecialconsideration._58__,governmentorganizations,especiallythebranchesofthemilitary,haveofficesthathelpcoordinate（协调）filmmakers'useoffacilities,equipment,andevenpersonnel.Itwouldbe_59_,forexample,forafilmmakertoconstructamake-believeaircraftcarrierortohireacastofextrastobeinthe__60_ofamoviewholooklikerealsoldiers,sailors,airmen,ormarines（whosehaircuts,fitnesslevels,andpostureareoftendifferentfromthatofcivilian（群众）actors）.Themilitaryiswillingtomaketheirfacilities_61__,withinreason,forapprovedprojects,andeachbranchhasanofficethathandlestheserequests.Otherbranchesofthegovernment_62__requeststousepublicspacesandbuildings,suchasmonumentsorparks.Manyyearsago,theU.S.GovernmentdidproducequiteafewfeaturefilmsandworkedcloselywithHollywoodonfilmsthatwouldencouragepublicmoraleduringwartime.However,sinceWorldWarII,theseprogramshavebeen_63_duetoacombinationofbudgetaryandphilosophicalconcerns.TheUnitedStatesInformationAgency,__64_,formanyyearsproducedfilmsforexhibitiontooverseasaudiencestocomplementitsothereducationalprograms.Onesuchfilm,JohnF.Kennedy:YearsofLigthning,DayofDrums,aposthumouscontributiontothepresident,evenwonthe1965AcademyAwardforbestdocumentary.This_65__,nowapartoftheU.S.DepartmentofState,nolongerproducessuchfeaturefilms.51.A.thereforeB.moreoverC.howeverD.otherwise52.A.factorsB.sourcesC.studiosD.methods53.A.criticismB.invitationC.supportD.guidance54.A.regardedasB.comparedtoC.madeofD.concernedwith55.A.ministryB.featureC.promotionD.need56.A.educationalB.economicC.enormousD.effective57.A.cooperatewithB.focusonC.arrangeforD.makeup58.A.HopefullyB.SimilarlyC.SurprisinglyD.Obviously59.A.flexibleB.impatientC.neutralD.difficult60.A.industryB.backgroundC.civilizationD.entrance61.A.academicB.artificialC.availableD.apparent62.A.addressB.introduceC.receiveD.propose63.A.promotedB.initiatedC.eliminatedD.highlighted64.A.forexampleB.bycontrastC.inrealityD.asawhole65.A.agentB.programC.directorD.organizationSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbythreequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“MaybewhenI'm90yearsold,I'llgetusedtohavingeverythingIdotakenforgranted,"ayounghomemakertoldasecrettoherneighbor,“IfBillwouldcomplimentmeonceinawhile,he'dmakemylifemuchhappier.”Fewofusrealizehowmuchweneedencouragement.Yetwemustbask(沐浴于)inthewarmthofapprovalmowandthenorloseourconfidence.Allofusneedtofeelneededandadmired.Butunlesswehearwordsofpraisefromsomeoneelse,howcanweknowthatwearevaluedfriendsorco-workers?Anyonewhowantstoimprovehisrelationshipswithothersneedonlyshowasympatheticunderstanding.Thewaytoexpressthisunderstandingandtogiveothersthefeelingofimportanceandworthinessboilsdowntothis:alwayskookforsomethingintheotherpersonyoucanadmireandpraiseandtellhimaboutit.Weeachhaveamentalpictureofourselves,aself-imagine.Tofindlifereasonablysatisfying,thatself-imaginemustbeonewecanlivewith,onewecanlike.Whenweareproudofourself-image,wefeelconfidentandfreetobeourselves.Wefunctionatourbest.Whenweareashamedofourself-image,weattempttohideitratherthanexpressit.Webecomehardtogetalongwith.Amiraclehappenstothepersonwhoseself-pridehasbeenraised.Hesuddenlylikesotherpeoplebetter.Heiskinderandmorecooperativewiththosearoundhim.Praiseisthepolishthathelpskeephisself-imaginebrightandsparkling.Whathasthistodonwithwithyourgivingpraise?Alot.Youhavetheabilitytoperformthatkindofmiracleinanotherperson.Whenyouaddtohisself-pride,youmakehimwanttolikeyouandtocooperativewithyou.Inaclassicbitofadvice,LordChesterfieldsuggestedtohissonthatheshouldfollowtheexampleoftheDukedeNivernoise:"Youwillrecognizethathemakespeoplepleasedwithhimbymakingthemfirstpleasedwiththemselves.”TheeffectsofPraisecanbegreatindeed.Anewministercalledtoachurchwhosememberswerejokinglyreferredtoas“arefrigerator"byotherministersdecidedagainstcriticizinghispeoplefortheircoolnesstowardstrangers.Instead,hebeganwelcomingvisitorsandtellingthemhowfriendlythemembersofthechurchwere.Thingsgraduallychanged."Praisetransformedtheice-cubemembersintowarmheartedhumanbeings,“hesaid.66.Fromparagraph[1]and[2]wecanlearnthat.A.theyounghomemakerhadathirstforBill'spraiseB.theneighborremindedBilltocomplimentthehomemakerC.itiswell-knownthatweallneedencouragementverymuch0.gettingotherpeople'sapprovalleadstolosingself-confidence.Accordingtothepassage,webecomedifficulttogetonwithprobablybecause.A.wewanttoshowourself-imageB.wearenotsatisfiedwithourself-imageC.amiraclehappenstootherpeopleD.weareashamedofbeingpraised.Theexampleinparagraph[8]tellusthat.A.LordChesterfieldadvisedhissontopraisetheDukedeNivernoiseB.theDukedeNivernoisemadeLordChesterfieldpleasedwithhissonC.praisingotherpeoplewillhelpwinotherpeople'scomplimentD.receivingwordsofpraiseshouldgobeforepraisingotherpeople69.Inparagraph[9],“arefrigerator“wasquotedprobablybecause.A.itwasalwaysfreezingcoldinthechurchB.thenewministercriticizedhispeoplecoollyC.thechurchtooktheshapeofarefrigeratorD.themembersofthechurchwereunfriendlytostrangers(B)EXPERTWORKSHOPSEachhour-longworkshopruntwice;participateinanytwoofthree.MONDAY,13:00—14:00/14:00—15:00PLANETMONDEYAdamDavidson&AlexBlumberg,Co-FoundersandHouseofNPR'sPlanetMoney(BallroomA)TheWorldBehindYourT-shirtExploretheglobaleconomythroughthelensofanitemyouweareveryday—theT-shirt.We”llfollowthejourneyofatypicalT-shirtaroundtheworldasitisproducedandsold.Duringthejourneywe"lltravelacrossmorethan20,000milesoverfourcontinentsandgothrougheverystageoftheprocess,fromcomingupwithadesigntoassemblingmockT-shirtsinasimulatedgarmentfactory.Getready!DoSAprilWright,Director,InternationalProgramsJaniceTsai,InternationalAssociate(BallroomB)10SocialChangeWaysMakeYouaBallerThissessionwillexposethemyththatbeingasocialchangemakermakesyouaself-importantahiever.lnstead,we"llhighlightthe10waysbeingasocialchangermakerwhichwillmakeyouprobablyaballer.How?We"llsharerealexamplesofyoungpeopleacrosstheglobethataremakingadifference—bigandsmall—intheircommunities.EdenWorksIrvingSteel,InternationalLiaisonOfficers,TCSEducationSystemandAdvisoratEdenworksWangZongying,ExecutiveDirectoroftheWomen'sCEONetworkofChinaPatrickWoock,Co-FounderofthetheInternationalEntrepreneurInstituteIsAquaponicstheFutureofFood?Welcometothefutureofthefood!Aquaponicsrespondstothegrowingneedforsustainablemethodsoffoodproductionbytakingtwopractices,pairingtheproductionofthefishandplantstogetherandconnectingthemthroughaneco-systemtocreateenvironmentalefficiency;Aquaponicsusesonly10percentofwatercomparedtotraditionalagricultureandyields2-3timestheamountoffood,withouttheuseofchemicalsandpesticides（农药）.TheU.S.andChinauseroughlyhalfofallchemicalfertilizerintheworldforfoodproduction.Imaginethepossibilities.Eachexpertworkshop.A.runsonlyonceonMondayafternoonB.lastsabouttwoorthreehoursatimeC.ishostedbytwoexpertsindifferentfieldsD.isheldinaseparateballroomTheworkshopinBallroomAisaimedtohelptheparticipants.A.studytheglobaleconomythroughthelensoftheT-shirtB.startthejourneyofatypicalfactoryaroundtheworldC.meetthepeoplethatmaketheclotheswhichwewearD.gothrougheverystageofassemblingmockT-shirtsWhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEabouttheworkshopinBallroomB?A.AprilWrightandJaniceTsaiwillhosttheworkshop.B.Thisworkshopwillexposethemythofasocialchangemaker.C.Thehostswillsharesomerealexamplesofyoungpeopleovertheworld.D.You'lllearnaboutsomebigandsmalldifferencesmadeinsomecommunities.“Aquaponics"mentionedinthelastworkshopprobablyrefersto.A.theimportanceoffuturefoodB.atraditionalagriculturemethodC.aneco-systemforfoodproductionD.atestonchemicalsandpesticides（C）Thelate1980sfoundthelandscapeofpopularmusicinAmericadominatedbyadistinctivestyleofrockandrollknownasglamrockorhairmetal-socalledbecauseoftheover-styledhair,makeup,andclotheswornbythestyle'sshiningrockers.BandslikePoison,Whitesnake,andMotleyCruepopularizedglamrockwiththeirpowersongsandflashystyle,buttheproducthadwornthinbytheearly1990s.Justassuperficialasthe80s,glamrockerswereshallow,shortonsubstance,andmusicallyinferior.In1991,aSeattle-basedbandcalledNirvanashockedthecorporatemusicindustrywiththereleaseofitsfirstsingle,“SmellsLikeTeenSpirit,whichquicklybecameahugehitallovertheworld.NirvanahadsimplymainstreamedasoundandculturethatgotitsstartyearsbeforewithbandslikeMudhoney,Soundgarden,andGreenRiver.Grunge（垃圾）rockersderivedtheirfashionsensefromtheyouthcultureofthePacificNorthwest:amixingofPunkrockstyleandoutdoorsclothinglikeheavyboots,wornoutjeans,andsoon.Attheheightofthemovement'sopportunity,whenotherSeattlebandslikePearlJamandAliceinChainswerebecomingpopular,thetrappingsofgrungewereworkingtheirwaytotheheightofAmericanfashion.Likethemusic,theteenagerswerefasttoacceptthegrungefashionbecauseitrepresentedrebellionagainstshallowpopculture.Thepopularityofgrungemusicwasmomentary;bythemid-tolate-1990s,itsinfluenceuponAmericanculturehadallbutdisappeared,andmostofitsrecognizablebandswerenowheretobeseentothecharts.TheheavysoundandthemesofgrungewerereplacedontheradiowavesbyboybandsliketheBackstreetBoys,andthebubblegumpopofBritneySpearsandChristinaAguilera.TherearemanyreasonswhytheSeattlesoundfadedoutofthemainstreamasquicklyasitrocketedtodistinction,butthemostglaringreasonliesattherebellion,anti-establishmentheartofthegrungemovementitself.Itisveryhardtoresistthetrendwhenyouaretheonesettingit,andmanyofthegrungebandswerenevercomfortablewiththefamethatwasbroughttothem.Eventually,thesimplefactthatmanygrungebandsweresoagainstmainstreamrockstardom（明星地位）tookthemovementbacktowhereitstarted:underground.ThefickleAmericanmainstreampublic,asquickastheyweretohopontothegrungebandwagon,werejustasquicktohopoffandmoveontosomethingelse.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?Thelandscapeofpopularmusicwasdominatedbyrockandrollfrom1980.Therockandrollformedadistinctivestylejustbecauseoftheover-styledhair.GlamrockbecamepopularwiththehelpofPoison,WhitesnakeandBritneySpears.Glamrockerswereshallow,shortonsubstance,andtheirmusicwashumble.Itwasnotlongbeforeteenagerswelcomedgrungefashionbecause.itwouldrepresenttheyouthculturegrungerockerstoldthemtoacceptittheyweretiredofGlamRockfashionitresistedtheshallownessofpopcultureWhatisthedifferencebetweenglamrockandgrungerock?Glamrockwasflashier,whilegrungerockwasrebellious.Glamrockappealedtoteenagers,whilegrungerockappealedtoadults.Glamrockfadedquickly,whilegrungerockisstillpopular.Glamrockwasmorecommerciallysuccessfulthangrungerock.Whatisthewritertryingtodocumentinthispassage?Thepopularityofglamrock.Nirvana'sroleinpopularizinggrungerock.Theriseandfallofgrungerock.Thereasonswhyyoungpeoplelovedgrungerock.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Bythemid-19thcenturymostofEuropewasinthefirststageofthedemographic（人口的）transition.Deathratehaddecreased,aswars,famines（饥荒）anddiseaseshad;localfoodshortageswererarer,thankstobettereconomicorganizationandtransport;publichealth,medicalcareandthecontrolofinfectiousdiseaseshadimproved.Thepopulationincreasedrapidly,asMalthushadpredicted.Between1800and1900Europe'spopulationdoubled,toover400million,whereasthatofAsia,furtherbehindinthedemographictransition,increasedbylessthan50%,toabout950Million.ButsomethingelsewashappeningtherethatwouldhavetakenMalthusbysurprise:aspeoplecametoexpecttolivelonger,andbetter,theystartedtohavefewerchildren.Theyrealizedtheynolongerneededseveralbabiesjusttoensurethattwoorthreewouldsurvive.Andastheymovedfromcountrytotown,theyalsofoundthatchildrenwerenolongeraneconomicpropertythatcouldbesettoworkatanearlyage,butaresponsibilitytobefed,housedand(someofthem)educated,foryears.Worse,withtoomanychildren,amotherwouldfindithardtotakeandkeepajob,toaddtothefamilyincome.Norweretheyounganylongeraguaranteeagainstapooroldage:inthenewindustrialsociety,theywerelikeliertogotheirownway.ThankstoEurope’snewbornlimitation,inthepast100yearsorsoitspopulationhasrisenonly80%,to730million,andmostcountries'birthrateisnowsolowthatnumbersareunchangingorfalling.Buttheircompositionisverydifferentfromthepast:betterlivingstandar