猪营养体系课件-整理

猪营养体系SwineNutritionSystem正大集团饲料技术线FeedTechnologyFunctionLineChinaArea1.2.营养学真意

TheRealityofNutrition

产出=(

遗传+环境+营养)*管理P=(G+E+N)*M3.猪营养体系

SwineNutritionSystems母猪营养体系SowNutritionSystem乳猪营养体系BabyPigNutritionSystem育肥猪营养体系Grow/finishNutritionSystem4.母猪营养体系

SowNutritionSystem揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量

Understandthenutritionalneedsofmodernsowsduringgestationandlactation了解不同胎次营养需求的差异 Understandpotentialparitydifferences评价后续的繁殖性能 Mustevaluatesubsequentreproductiveperformance5.产仔更多（12.5头活仔）Largerlittersize(12.5bornalive)高产奶量和仔猪窝增重（2.5-3.5kg/d）Highermilkyieldandgreaterlittergrowthrate(2.5–3.5kg/d)成年体型更大Greatermaturebodysize

体组成改变（脂肪少、瘦肉多）Changeinbodycomposition--lessfat,morelean

食欲降低Reducedappetite现代种母畜与20-30年前相比差别很大：Breedingfemaleoftodayisverydifferentthanhercounterpartof20-30yearsago:

6.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight妊娠目标

Goals–Gestation7.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt妊娠目标

Goals–Gestation8.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt妊娠目标

Goals–Gestation妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体正常Thegoalofaneffectivegestationfeedingprogramistohave85-90%ofthegestatingsowsin“normal’conditionby5weeksofgestation9.体况评分

BodyConditionScore

15432过瘦Thin正常Normal过肥Fat3.控制能量摄入

ControlEnergyIntake饲喂量不足会导致:

UnderFeedingCauses:降低仔猪初生重

Decreaseinpigbirthweight断奶前死亡 PWM降低泌乳量

Decreasemilkproduction影响繁殖性能

Poorreproductiveperformance14.15.16.控制能量摄入

ControlEnergyIntake过量采食会导致： OverFeedingCauses:

增加不必要花费 Unnecessaryexpense增加死胎率 Increasesembryonicmortality影响乳腺发育 Reducesmammarydevelopment增加母猪死亡率和淘汰率 Increasesowmortalityandcullingrate减少泌乳期的采食 Reduceslactationfeedintake17.妊娠期Gestationตรวจสอบการกินอาหารการหายใจสภาพร่างกายทั่วไป18.妊娠期Gestation19.妊娠期Gestation20.妊娠期Gestation21.母猪营养体系

SowNutritionSystem了解不同胎次营养需求的差异

Understandpotentialparitydifferences22.初产母猪繁育目标

BreedingGiltGoals23.初产母猪繁育目标

BreedingGiltGoals体重达到135-150kg Weightatbreeding135–150kg

24.分娩3胎以上产仔总数与母猪的配种体重的关系Totalbornover3paritiesaccordingtobreedingweightSource:Williamsetal,2005第一次配种体重分娩3胎以上总仔猪数25.分娩3胎以上产仔总数与母猪的配种体重的关系Totalbornover3paritiesaccordingtobreedingweightSource:Williamsetal,2005第一次配种体重分娩3胎以上总仔猪数26.初产母猪繁育目标

BreedingGiltGoals体重达到135-150kg Weightatbreeding135–150kg

第2或第3次发情记录 2ndor3rdrecordedestrus

27.初产母猪繁育目标

BreedingGiltGoals体重达到135-150kg Weightatbreeding135–150kg

第2或第3次发情记录 2ndor3rdrecordedestrus

12.5头总产仔数 12.5totalborn

28.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况

Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt好的母猪管理最大限度地发挥仔猪的生产性能Maximizeperformanceofpigletsonthesow

29.出生重、断奶前日增重与断奶体重的关系

（25日龄断奶）

BirthWeight,PreweaningADG,andWeaningWeight(25d)出生重（公斤）断奶重（公斤）断奶前平均日增重（克）30.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况

Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt好的母猪管理最大限度地发挥仔猪的生产性能Maximizeperformanceofpigletsonthesow

初生重的提高可以提高断奶仔猪的存活率和体重Increasedbirthweightimprovesincratesurvivabilityandweaningweights31.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况

Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量

Understandthenutritionalneedsofmodernsowsduringgestationandlactation胚胎的生长需要 Growthoffetusandassociatedtissues32.胎儿蛋白沉积

FetalProteinAccretionMcPhersonetal.,200433.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况

Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量

Understandthenutritionalneedsofmodernsowsduringgestationandlactation胚胎的生长需要 Growthoffetusandassociatedtissues乳腺组织的生长需要

Mammarytissue34.乳腺蛋白沉积

ProteininMammaryGlandJi,2004Protein,g/glandDaysofGestation35.合理的初生重

Highbirthweight怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况

Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量

Understandthenutritionalneedsofmodernsowsduringgestationandlactation胚胎的生长需要 Growthoffetusandassociatedtissues乳腺组织的生长需要

Mammarytissue头胎母猪的维持与生长

Maintenanceandgrowthincaseofgilts36.采食量最关键

Feedintakeisthekey37.妊娠期饲喂方案

GestationOptionsⅠ.妊娠早期和后期饲喂不同量的同种日粮

Onedietfedadifferentamountsinearlyandlategestation.

38.同种妊娠日粮

OneGestationDiet妊娠早期和中期 EarlyandMidGestation(Day0–85)1.8–2.0kg/d

妊娠后期 LateGestation(Day86–114)2.4–3.0kg/d39.妊娠期饲喂方案

GestationOptionsⅠ.妊娠早期和后期饲喂不同量的同种日粮

Onedietfedadifferentamountsinearlyandlategestation.

Ⅱ.饲喂两种日粮

Twodifferentdiets

40.要点

REMEMBER

不同胎次采食不同

TherearedifferencesinNUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTbyparity妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体况正常 Thegoalofaneffectivegestationfeedingprogramistohave85-90%ofthegestatingsowsin“normal’conditionby5weeksofgestation41.要点

REMEMBER

不同胎次采食不同

TherearedifferencesinNUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTbyparity妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体况正常 Thegoalofaneffectivegestationfeedingprogramistohave85-90%ofthegestatingsowsin“normal’conditionby5weeksofgestation采食量最关键

Feedintakeisthekey42.43.发挥乳猪生长潜力

Maximizebabypiggrowthpotential

合理的初生重

Highbirthweight仔猪的生产性能始于母猪的饲养

Pigletperformancestartswithsowfeeding–gestationandlactation好的母猪管理最大限度地发挥仔猪的生产性能Maximizeperformanceofpigletsonthesow

Whatisbabypiggrowthpotential..??44.断奶前平均日增重,克/天

ADGbeforeweaningD2体重KgBWtD2日增重g/dADGd2-21g/dD21断奶重D21weaningwt1.51905.11.52205.71.52506.21.52806.81.53107.445.乳猪生长潜力GrowthPotentialofBabyPigsArtificialrearing–realgeneticgrowthpotential46.哺乳杯

MilkfeedingCups

保温栏MilkFeedingPen

47.新生仔猪人工饲养的生长潜力

PotentialGrowthRateofNeonatalPigsUsingArtificialRearingCV14%(n=16)Boydetal.,1995AverageGrowthRate,g/dMilkkg/d10.815.318.419.422.226.048.母猪日产奶量与断奶前乳猪平均日增重的关系

SowDailyMilkProduction&PreweaningDailyGain断奶前平均日增重（克）母猪日产奶量（公斤/天）Standardized10pigsperlitterWhatisreasonableexpectationformilkproduction..??49.不同母猪哺乳期的性能

DifferencesinPigGrowthRateandMilkProductionEstimatesforProlificSowsPigletADG,g/pig/d

256234248287311Standardized10pigsperlitterWhatarethekeystolactationsuccess..??50.泌乳期——成功的关键

Lactation–KeystoSuccess进入分娩房时母猪体重和身体状态合适 Propersizeandconditionenteringfarrowinghouse

采食量! FEEDINTAKE!

真正自由采食 “Trueadlibitum”feeding

51.52.53.INTāKFeeder54.饲喂系统对泌乳母猪性能的影响

EffectofsystemoffeedingonperformanceoflactatingsowsPeng,J.J.,S.A.Somes,andD.W.Rozeboom.J.Anim.Sci.2007,85:853-860人工HF自由采食Self-fed母猪数

No.ofsows5757平均胎次

AverageParity2.702.77采食量

TotalFeedIntake,kg114124日采食量

ADFI,kg5.45.955.泌乳期——成功的关键

Lactation–KeystoSuccess进入分娩房时母猪体重和身体状态合适 Propersizeandconditionenteringfarrowinghouse

采食量! FEEDINTAKE!

真正自由采食 “Trueadlibitum”feeding

明确营养需要 KnowingNutrientNeeds56.试验目标

Objectives研究实际生产条件下初产母猪泌乳期赖氨酸需要Toevaluatetheoptimumlysinelevelforlactatinggiltsundercommercialresearchconditions.Lysreq..?57.材料与方法

MaterialsandMethods初产母猪263PIC(Camborough22)

1stparitygilts5种饲料Allocatedto5dietarytreatmentsinCRD

0.95%Lysine1.05%Lysine1.15%Lysine1.25%Lysine1.35%Lysine每个处理50-55头母猪Eachtreatmenthad50-55sows试验期16-22天Sowswereontestfor16-22days58.日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量的影响

EffectofdietarylysineintakeonADFITrteffectP=0.23,SEM=0.16Averagefeedintake…59.初产母猪20天泌乳期的平均日采食量

ADFI(g/d)during20dlactationinP1sowsGilts..!!60.初产母猪28天泌乳期的平均日采食量

ProjectedADFI(g/d)during28dlactationinP1sows61.要点

REMEMBER

不同胎次采食不同

Therearedifferencesinfeedintakebyparity第一胎母猪采食会少0.5-2.0kg/d Parity1femalesconsume0.5to2.0kg/dless

62.日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量的影响

EffectofdietarylysineintakeonADFITrteffectP=0.23,SEM=0.16Averagefeedintake…63.日粮赖氨酸对仔猪日增重的影响

EffectoflysintakeonpigletADG(g/d)TrtP<0.02,LinearP<0.01;SEM=7.8464.日粮赖氨酸对仔猪日增重的影响

EffectoflysintakeonpigletADG(g/d)TrtP<0.02,LinearP<0.01;SEM=7.8411.211.311.612.012.3KgMilk/day65.日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量的影响

EffectofdietarylysineintakeonADFITrteffectP=0.23,SEM=0.1666.日粮赖氨酸水平对初产母猪和仔猪的影响

EffectofDietaryLysineonP1SowandLitterPerformance总赖氨酸

TotalLysine,%0.951.05采食量kg/dADFI,kg/d5.425.705.665.415.66赖氨酸射入量Lysineintake,(g/d)53.558.964.365.270.0母猪体重变化SowBWtchange(kg)4.75.5断奶数Pigsweaned/litter9.19.2日增重

ADG(g/d)262265273281288断奶重Pigweaningwt(kg)6.56.7断奶窝重Litterweaningwt(kg)56.457.758.959.161.6Datarepresents52to54sows/treatment.WhyareweconcernedaboutBWtchange..??67.母猪体重损失对下胎繁殖性能的影响

ImpactofBWLossonSubsequentPerformanceP1-2体重损失PercentBodyWeightLoss指标Criteria

>10%0-10%体重增加GainedWt断奶至发情间隔WeanedtoEstrusInterval(d)7.42a5.52b4.66c断奶后7天配种率Sowsbredbyday7(%)64.5a87.9b92.6b出生仔猪数TotalBorn11.8a12.83b13.04babcMeanswithinarowwithoutacommonsuperscriptdiffer(P<.05)Summaryof577sows–commercialunit68.日粮赖氨酸水平对初产母猪和仔猪的影响

EffectofDietaryLysineonP1SowandLitterPerformance总赖氨酸

TotalLysine,%0.951.05采食量kg/dADFI,kg/d5.425.705.665.415.66赖氨酸射入量Lysineintake,(g/d)53.558.964.365.270.0母猪体重变化SowBWtchange(kg)4.75.5断奶数Pigsweaned/litter9.19.2日增重

ADG(g/d)262265273281288断奶重Pigweaningwt(kg)6.56.7断奶窝重Litterweaningwt(kg)56.457.758.959.161.6Datarepresents52to54sows/treatment.Whatis500gramsincreaseinweanwtworth..??69.断奶重越大断奶后生长速度越快

0.1kg

atweaning=asavingof

1/2-1

dayatslaughterCanyoutell100gdifferenceinweaningwt..?Canyoutrack1dayearliertoslaughter..?70.断奶重

71.72.猪营养体系

SwineNutritionSystems母猪营养体系SowNutritionSystem乳猪营养体系BabyPigNutritionSystem73.断奶后第一周生长状况对上市日龄的影响

ADGfirstweekpostweaning

断奶后第一周内平均日增重(g)

ADGfirstweekpostweaningPollmann（1993)74.断奶后第一周生长状况对上市日龄的影响

ADGfirstweekpostweaning

断奶后第一周内平均日增重(g)

ADGfirstweekpostweaningPollmann（1993)75.好的开始

BetterStart–FasterFinish平均而言，断奶体重每增加1kg可缩短出栏时间4-5天Onaverageeach1kgextragainwithin3weekspostweaningreduceddaystomktby4–5days76.断奶仔猪的生理缺陷

Physiologicalchallengestoweaningthebabypig小肠结构的完整性

Undevelopedsmallintestine酶系发育不完善

Enzymeproductionisimmature77.断奶仔猪乳糖酶

EnzymeDevelopment78.断奶仔猪的生理缺陷

Physiologicalchallengestoweaningthebabypig小肠结构的完整性

Undevelopedsmallintestine酶系发育不完善

Enzymeproductionisimmature产酸能力低

Acidproductionisimmature免疫机能不健全

Immunesystemisnotfullydeveloped79.断奶仔猪免疫力

ImmuneSystemDevelopment80.断奶初期

StarterProgram挑战 Challenges从母乳到干饲料 Transitionfromsow’smilktodryfeed断奶早 Weaningage健康/管理

Health/Management环境,病原,饲料变化等

Environmentalstress,pathogenexposure,abruptchangeindietcompositionandphysicalstate采食量减少导致增重慢

Experiencereducedwtgainsduetoreducedfeedintake81.高档乳猪料

CriteriaofPremiumBabyPigFeed提高后期生长

Growthperformance饲料采食量好

FeedIntake抗拉稀

Minimizediarrhea减少断奶应激

Reducestressofweaning82.采食量最关键

Feedintakeisthekey83.采食量最关键

Feedintakeisthekey

提高后期生长

Growthperformance

Touchetteal.,199784.特殊原料与原料品质

SpecialIngredients&IngredientQuality85.特殊原料与原料品质

SpecialIngredients&IngredientQuality86.•极好的原料

Excellentingredientforbabypigs适口性好 Palatable易消化

Highlydigestible乳糖含量高

Highlactosecontent断奶仔猪料中乳清粉的使用

DriedWheyinPigStarterDiets87.断奶仔猪乳糖酶

EnzymeDevelopment88.日采食量ADFILactoseEffect

ADFIg/dQuadraticP<0.05;SEM=13IncreasingLactose,%LowHigh89.日增重ADGLactoseEffect

ADGg/dLinearP<0.01;SEM=13LowHighIncreasingLactose,%90.乳清粉的含量影响1-2周的性能

ADFI,ADG,2wkspostweaningwithorwithoutLactose(g/d)

(克/天)5.3KgWeaningBWt91.乳清粉的含量影响后期3周的性能

ADFI,ADG,wk3postweaningwithorwithoutLactose(g/d)

(克/天)Threediets0,9,18%DriedWheyfirst2weekspostweaning–commondietweek392.高档乳猪料

Criteriaofpremiumbabypigfeed提高后期生长

Growthperformance饲料采食量好

FeedIntake93.饲料采食量好

FeedIntake

适口性好

Palatability

94.AB适口性8.适口性试验照片99.仔猪哄抢正大代乳宝正大代乳宝100.高档乳猪料

Criteriaofpremiumbabypigfeed提高后期生长

Growthperformance饲料采食量好

FeedIntake抗拉稀

Minimizediarrhea101.断奶仔猪料中乳清粉的使用

DriedWheyinPigStarterDiets102.103.采食量最关键

Feedintakeisthekey

抗拉稀

MinimizediarrheaTouchetteal.,1997104.断奶后饲喂Feedingafterweaning105.断奶后饲喂

Feedingafterweaning106.高档乳猪料

Criteriaofpremiumbabypigfeed提高后期生长

Growthperformance饲料采食量好

FeedIntake抗拉稀

Minimizediarrhea减少断奶应激

Reducestressofweaning107.补饲的意义

WHYCREEPFEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Trainpigletstoacceptsolidfeed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性

Induceenzymeproduction108.乳猪消化酶分泌及断奶应激

DigestiveenzymeafterweaningACP010.1-PZ-95020123456淀粉酶Amylase脂肪酶Lipase

胰蛋白酶Trypsin周龄

胰蛋白酶活性1050(x1000)淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性资料来源:Lindemanetal1986Weaning109.每头乳猪断奶前总采食量

与断奶后1周总采食量的关系

Feedintakeofthepigletsduringlactation,inrelationtofeedintakeduringthe7dafterweaning110.断奶后采食量对胰蛋白酶活力的影响Trypsinactivity(pancreas&jejunum)atd6post-weaningrelatedtopost-weaningFI02468101214161820断奶后0-6天平均日采食量(g/d)Postweaning6dADFIg/d01208016028024020040320360400TotalTrypsinActivityunitsx1000CarolineA.Makkink,1993,Ph.D.thesisDepartmentofAnimalNutrition,AgriculturalUniversityofWageningen.111.补饲的意义

WHYCREEPFEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Trainpigletstoacceptsolidfeed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性

Induceenzymeproduction增加产酸能力 Stimulategastricacidproduction112.补饲的意义

WHYCREEPFEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Trainpigletstoacceptsolidfeed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性

Induceenzymeproduction增加产酸能力 Stimulategastricacidproduction肠壁发育 Developgut-villi113.

小肠吸收表面积：小肠皱褶：X3倍

绒毛

X10倍

微绒毛

(毛刷邊界)

X25倍=750倍小腸摺皺微絨毛絨毛114.乳猪断奶前/后小肠结构之差异

ThedifferenceofintestinalstructureofbabypigforPre-weaningandPostweaning

断奶前

断奶后Pre-weaningPostweaning115.

断奶后5天绒毛高度和采食量的关系____________700600500400300200MEANVILLOUSHEIGHT总的采食干物质量(g/天)TotalCreepIntake

0 200 400 600| | | |ooooooooooooooooooooooPluske,J.R.etal.,Dept.OfAnimalScience,UniversityofAlberta1993116.补饲的意义

WHYCREEPFEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Trainpigletstoacceptsolidfeed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性

Induceenzymeproduction增加产酸能力 Stimulategastricacidproduction肠壁发育 Developgut-villi减少乳猪断奶应激 Reduceweaningstress117.采食量最关键

Feedintakeisthekey118.教槽迟早对0-9日龄增重的影响

CreepFeedingDurationEffectonPostweaningGain(day0–9)119.教槽迟早对10-21日龄增重的影响

CreepFeedingDurationEffectonPostweaningGain(day10–21)120.好的开始

BetterStart–FasterFinish36克/天*21天=756克36g/d*21d=756g平均而言，断奶体重每增加1kg可缩短出栏时间4-5天Onaverageeach1kgextragainwithin3weekspostweaningreduceddaystomktby4–5days121.如何补饲

Howtousecreepfeed越早越好，最佳开始时间5-7日龄???

Usecreepfeedearly–startat5-7d颗粒料比粉状料更适用 Usepelletcreepfeed高档乳猪料

Highqualitycreepfeed清洁

Goodsanitation/management/biosecurity122.教槽Startcreepfeedingฝึกให้ลูกสุกรกินอาหารที่อายุ3-5วันหลังคลอดอย่างน้อยวันละ2ครั้ง123.采食量最关键..!!

Feedintakeisthekey总结

Summary

124.保育阶段的生长对后期的影响

NurseryADGeffectongrow/finishADGHighLow日增重断奶后日龄正常保育猪保育生长慢的猪125.

怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况

Sowfeedingingestationaffectsbirthwt哺乳期及教槽影响断奶重

Lactationandcreepfeedaffectweaningwt断奶体重越大，保育生长速度越大

Higherweaningwt–betternurseryperformance保育生长越快，全期生长越快越大

Bettergrowthinnursery–fastergrowthingrow/finish采食越大，生长越快

Higherfeedintake–fastergrowthFEEDINTAKEISKEY保育猪的生长速度-总结Growthperformance-Summary126.断奶仔猪免疫力

ImmuneSystemDevelopment550S127.断奶仔猪乳糖酶

EnzymeDevelopment550S551S128.高档教槽的价值

Thevalueofpremiumnurseryfeed129.保育期料

保育期所需饲料比例%oftotalfeedrequiredtoreachmarketweight130.6-30公斤保育仔猪FeedEquipmentOthersLaborMedicationPig131.

饲料回报

ROF饲料回报

=(增重x猪价)–(料量x料价)ROF=(gainxpigprice)–(feedkgxprice/kg)

132.正大饲料价值比较550S（代乳宝）的性能与价值体现26日龄断奶每头猪阶段利润=（仔猪单价—造肉成本）×每头猪阶段增重133.正大饲料价值比较551S（乳猪宝）的性能与价值体现每头猪阶段利润=（仔猪单价—造肉成本）×每头猪阶段增重134.正大饲料价值比较551（仔猪宝）的性能与价值体现每头猪阶段利润=（肥猪单价—造肉成本）×每头猪阶段增重135.营养学真意

TheRealityofNutrition

产出=(

遗传+环境+营养)*管理P=(G+E+N)*M136.137.猪营养体系

SwineNutritionSystems母猪营养体系SowNutritionSystem乳猪营养体系BabyPigNutritionSystem育肥猪营养体系Grow/finishNutritionSystem138.

最佳生长曲线

BestGrowthCurve-BWtFuetal.,2005139.

最佳生长曲线

BestGrowthCurve-ADG140.采食量最关键..!!

Feedintakeisthekey141.采食量与采食能力Feedintakeforgutfill142.采食量最关键..!!

Feedintakeisthekey自由采食

FullFeed

143.

自由采食…？？？FullFeeding.