2019高考英语二轮专题复习练习：专题一阅读理解考点2推理判断题

考点2推理判断题!真题体验 仅“A（2018北京，C）Plastic—EatingWormsgreaterwaxmothHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste心胡状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon—carbonbond,isthereaswell,“sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam;sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。 作者介绍了一项科学发现： 一种吃塑料的虫子一一大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。?Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?__C__Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 “…foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...”和第二句中的thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。?AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyistoB.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeed解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句 "Thenextstep...Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes?”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。?Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight D.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句 "Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply'millionsofworms...'“可知，研究人员期望不仅仅能用大蜡螟蠕虫去清理塑料垃圾，也期望在某种工业流程中用这种化学制品，这与选项 D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。?Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?CA.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco—balance.解析：推理判断题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究， 显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。B（2018全国n,C）Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion（比例）whosaythey'hardlyever'readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13—year—oldsand9percentof17—year—oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建议）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe—readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。 一份调查报告显示， 尽管阅读在很多孩子的生活中仍然是很重要的一部分，但是进行趣味性阅读的青少年人数在减少。 要想改变这种状况，父母应该在阅读方面起示范作用，成为重要的引导者。?WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?AA.Children'sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.A.Children'sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.C.Children'safter—classactivities.D.Parent—childrelationships.解析：推理判断题。关于题干提到的这份报告，第二、三段说孩子们的趣味性阅读减少了，几乎不进行趣味性阅读的人数增加了， 第五、六段提到电子书的阅读以及父母的榜样作用，从这些信息推断，这份报告研究的内容是孩子们的阅读习惯，因此选Ao?Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports “childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"？BA.Inparagraph2. B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4. D.Inparagraph5.解析：推理判断题。第三段说几乎不进行趣味性阅读的孩子的人数比例上升了， 因此这一段说的是孩子们趣味性阅读的情况减少了。 这与题干中的“孩子们趣味性阅读的情况减少了”相吻合。?Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?CA.E—booksareofpoorquality. B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth. D.E—readersareexpensive.解析：推理判断题。第五段提到科技产品与阅读的关系， 说这份报告几乎没有建议父母去了解电子读物和平板电脑对阅读的影响， 但是提到许多父母因为注意到孩子看屏幕的时间在不断增加，就对电子书的阅读进行限制。 从这些信息看，父母这样做的原因是从孩子的身心健康方面去考虑的，因此选Co?Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?AA.Actasrolemodelsforthem.Askthemtowritebookreports.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.解析：推理判断题。关于父母怎样鼓励孩子多读书，第六段说，在阅读方面父母能给孩子树立榜样，成为重要的引导者，并且指出，读书多的孩子，他们的父母经常阅读，还给孩子留出读书的时间。由此推断选 A“成为他们的榜样”。, 名师点津推理判断题属于主观性较强的深层阅读理解题。 主要考查根据文章的字面意思， 通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等，在高考中比重较大，在议论文中尤为常见。做题时应该注意：.明晰两种常见设问方式：⑴常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词提问。(2)提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably,possibly等。.判断两类正确选项特征：(1)不是文中直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。(2)正确选项大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。.识别四类干扰选项特点：(1)夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面进行了夸大处理。(2)无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。(3)掺入常识：考生已有的常识是正确的，但不是基于文章。(4)推理过度：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。.推理特别注意3点：(1)直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。(2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。(3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观臆断都是错误的。照例析 ”—— 2.隐含推断题一“逻辑关联”得结论关键词：☆阅读题干，锁定信息段落 ☆详读信息段，领悟隐含意义 ☆比对选项，进行推断这类题要求考生对作者没有明确说明的事实信息和思想倾向作出合理的推断。(1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。(2)整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文 (段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。(3)以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。■典例（2018全国I,C片段）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter—gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.♦Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter—gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.［解题思路］第一步 确定题干中的关键信息languagesinhunter—gathertimes第二步定位到原文信息句，并标出进行推断的关键词Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsagowhentheworldhad_just_five_to_ten_millionpeopletheyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem..第三步进行合理推断得出答案 B.观点态度类一“言为心声”求褒贬关键词：☆阅读题干，找准关键词☆速读文章，寻找作者对某事物所持观点态度的语段☆体会字里行间流露的情感，与选项进行比对文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的态度或者观点往往隐含在字里行间或者流露于修饰词之中，这就要注意作者或文中人物的措辞。①正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思。 切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。②留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。③结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、 风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推作者或者文中人物的态度和观点无非就是三类： 支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。熟悉如下有关作者情感、态度的词语。褒义词：supportive（支持的）,positive（积极的）,optimistic（乐观的）,enthusiastic（热情的）贬义语：negative（否定的,消极的）,ironic（讽刺的）,critical（批评的）,disgusted（厌恶的）,disappointed（失望的）等。中性词：indifferent（漠不关心的），uninterested（不感兴趣的），objective（客观的），neutral（中立的）等。（2017全国卷I,B片段）IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking；survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall-LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.♦Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It'sunexpected. B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'shumorous. D.It'sdiscouraging.［解题思路］第一步确定题干中的关键词_the_outcome_of_the_event第二步定位到原文信息句，并标出进行推断的关键词①However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.②Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!第三步进行合理推断得出答案 B.写作意图类一“文体特点”寻意图关键词：☆通读全文，确定文章体裁☆记叙文表达情感或者某个道理； 应用文推销或者介绍；说明文展示用途或者过程；议论文论述道理或者表达观点要做好写作目的题，首先要确定文章的体裁，因为不同的文体，写作目的不同。常见文体的写作特点（1）记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的tH"日°(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证一一得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。典例(2017全国I,A片段)SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.Today,PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry—basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.Visitpacificsciencecenter,orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.♦Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?Toencouragedonations.Toadvertisecomingevents.Tointroducespecialexhibits.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.［解题思路］第一步 速读文章，找出相关信息句，标出关键词wecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,_and_other_social_organizations.Visitpacificsciencecenter ,_org_to_findvariouswaysyou_can_supportPacific_ScienceCenter.第二步 与选项进行对比得出答案尝试解答：__A__［干扰项分析］该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选A项。B、C两项无中生有，该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。D项曲解文意，该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情，但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史，而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。4.文章出处题一“语言特色”推出处(1)具备一定常识：考生本身要具备一定的常识， 把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。了解语言特色：要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解， 根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。典例(2015广东高考，B片段)WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople."Butitdidn'tcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman."Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothinklikeafish."Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong—termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.♦Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom.afishingguide B.apopularsalesbookC.anovelonchildhood D.amillionaire'sbiography［解题思路］第一步 确定题干中的关键信息__comes_from第二步定位到原文信息句，并标出关键词Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong—termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.第三步进行合理推断得出答案 B即时巩固 切«L>A(2018全国m,C)WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49—year—oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt（CAA）.HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus（校园）oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves（曲线）ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,“hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,“hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,“saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，题材是人物报道。文章报道了 2012年度建筑界的最高奖项一一普利兹克奖的获得者王^及其作品的风格和他对建筑艺术创新的体会。?Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsareB.A.followingthelatestworldtrendgettinginternationalrecognitionworkingharderthaneverbeforerelyingonforeignarchitects解析：推理判断题。第一段是文章的中心段， 第二段讲述了中国建筑设计师获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖一一普利兹克奖，这个例子是用来说明第一段后半句的： 许多优秀的中国建筑设计师正进入世界建筑设计舞台的中心，故选 Bo?WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?__C__A.Itshillyenvironment. B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle. D.Itsdiversefunctions.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中关键词 CAAXiangshancampus可迅速定位到第三段，顺着往下找，根据第四段第一句中的 quitedifferentfrom,第二句中的wereamazed和第三句中的uniqueview可知它独一无二的风格给人留下了深刻印象，故选 C。?WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?__D__A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes. B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques. D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第三句 "ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements/,和第六段第二句中的 throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture可知传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王潮建筑设计成功的秘密，故选 D。?WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?__D__A.Spreadthemtotheworld. B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities. D.Recreatetheminpractice.解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段第一句中 becombinedwithpractice和第二句中therecreationoftraditions可知，王遁才认为应该结合实践对传统进行再创新，故选D。B（2018天津，B）WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!"Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine."Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（爱窥探的）,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.” "What'sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted（震颤）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!"“There'ssomereallygoodstuff（艺术作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?"“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou.”文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。 如果你误把一户人家当成博物馆且四处参观， 会是怎样一种奇特的经历呢？让我们读一下文章，看一看作者的亲身体验吧。?WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?AA.Shewasapainter. B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector. D.Shewasajournalist.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的watercolorist（水彩画家）以及下文"去博物馆看画”知，MarianMcNay是一位painter（画家），故答案为A。acommunityleader"社区领导"；amuseumdirector”博物馆主管“；ajournalist”记者”。?Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?DShedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.Shemistookhimforatourguide.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.（导游令我烦扰）”知,“我”把那个人误认为是导游了，故答案为 D。A项“她不喜欢爱窥探的人”，曲解文意；B项“与陌生人交谈时她感到紧张 ”，无中生有；C项“她比那个人更懂艺术”，无中生有。?Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?APuzzled. B.Concerned.C.Frightened. D.Delighted.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中 “我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑 “Whatwastheirproblem?”及后文中的stillconfused可知，"我"感到很困惑（puzzled）,故答案为A。?WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords? 0A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.解析：推理判断题。下文提到 30年后“我”偶遇那户人家的一个孩子，她说“我”把她家误认为博物馆使她看到了它的美丽， 由此可知，本文作者不是重点描述 McNay博物馆，而是描述这次突发事件带来的影响，故答案为 D"房子里发生的事更重要”。?Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?CPeopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.解析：推理判断题。从最后一段中那个女士的话“在你进来之前，我从未意识到我住的是个美丽的地方，我以前从未感到过幸运 ”可推知，人们往往会忽视自己周围事物的美。ft &冰 真题题组A（2017全国m,B）MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75—yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary—eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood—byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation（位置）wasalsoareason."Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,“hesaid."Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood—byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。?Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial? B,A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheate.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句 "Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send”可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选Bo?WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?DItwasanall—timeclassic.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.Theaudiencerequestedit.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 "TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate"可知，居U院的老板亲自选定了 TheLastPictureShow这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很适合。 原文中的"appropriate”和D选项的"suitable”者B表示“合适的"。故选D。?Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?__C__Itwillberepaired.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.Itwillbeknockeddown.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.解析：考查推理判断。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司， 该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选Co?Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?BA.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.解析：考查推理判断。 根据第二段第二句"Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary—eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood—byetotheoldbuilding”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句 "Thetheaterwillbemissed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。B（2017全国m,C）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceof'wolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。 在争议了几年之后黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持公园内生态的平衡。?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?DA.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.解析：考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced"inparagraph2mean?CA.Tested. B.Separated.C.Forcedout. D.Trackeddown.解析：考查词义猜测。由第二段第一句话可知，曾经黄石公园里有灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少， 几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选Co?Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?AA.Damagetolocalecology. B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C.Preservationofvegetation. D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.解析：考查推理判断。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多， 园内很多的红狐被猎杀， 而河狸也完Ao全消失了，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选Ao?Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?___B__A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.解析：考查观点态度。根据第五段最后一句中的 "avaluableexperiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选BoC（2017北京，C）Measles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti—vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity",whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeo