高中高三英语科普与文化阅读周训

广东深圳市科学高中高三英语科普与文化阅读周训ASoundmayofferacreativewaytotaketheocean'stemperature.Climatechangeissteadilywarmingtheseas,whichhaveabsorbedabout90percentoftheexcessheattrappedbygreenhousegases.Thiswarmingcontributestosea-levelrise,endangersspeciesandinfluencesweatherpatterns.Buttrackingthewarmingistricky.Ship-basedobservationscaptureonlysnapshotsintimeoveratinyportionofthewater.Satelliteobservationscannotenterverydeepbelowthesurface.ThemostdetailedpictureofoceanheatcomesfromArgo,whichcandropdowntoaround6,500feet.Butthereareonlyabout4,000suchfloats,andtheycannotsampledeeperpartsoftheoceans.InScience,researchersattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyandtheChineseAcademyofSciencescomparedthetravelspeedsofsoundsproducedbyunderseaearthquakestodetectoceanwarmingoverwiderareas.Becausesoundtravelsfasterinwarmerwater,differencesinspeedcanrevealchangingtemperatures."They'reopeningupawholenewareaofstudy,"saysPrincetonUniversitygeophysicistFrederikSimons,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Inspiredbythoseearlyeffortstomeasureoceanheatwithsound,CaltechresearcherWenboWuthoughttomonitorlow-frequencysoundwavessentoutbyearthquakesbelowtheseafloor.“Iknowtheseearthquakesareverypowerfulsources,"Wusays,"Sowhynottrytousetheearthquakes?"”HeandhisteamtestedtheideanearIndonesia’sislandofNias,wheretheIndoAustralianPlateisbumpingundertheSundaPlate.Theresearchersgatheredsounddatafrom4,272earthquakesofmagnitude3orgreaterfrom2004to2016,andtheycomparedsoundwavespeedsfromquakesthatoriginatedinthesamespotovertheyears.Bymodelingthedifferences,oftenjustfractionsofasecond,theyfoundthattheoceannearNiaswaswarmingbyabout0.08degreeFahrenheitperdecade—morethanthe0.047degreeFsuggestedbyArgo’sdata.LessthanonedegreeFdoesnotsoundlarge,butittakesconsiderableheattowarmtheentireeasternIndianOcean.Thenewmethodispromising,saysUniversityofHawaiioceanographerBruceHowe,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.MeanwhileSimonsandhiscolleaguesareexploringanalternativetechnique,employingdozensofunderwatermicrophonescalledhydrophonestocatchmoreearthquakesounds.Henotesthatfindingoutthefloats’preciselocationswillbechallenging,however.Overcomingsuchchallengeswouldfillinimportantgaps,Wusays,“Wereallyneeddifferentmethodsofgatheringthedataasmuchaspossible.”1.Whatdopeopledototakeocean’stemperature?A.Shipssailacrossalltheoceanstotakephotos.B.Satellitesareusedtoprovidedataonoceanheat.C.Argoentersthedeepestseasfordetailedpictures.D.Thenumbersoffloatshitarecordhighforsamples.2.Whycansoundbeamethodfordetectingoceanwarming?A.Becauseitsspeedvarieswiththetemperatureofwater.B.Becauseitaccompaniesearthquakesbelowtheseafloor.C.BecauseitisapprovedbyChineseandUSresearchers.D.Becauseitsvaluehasbeenprovedbypreviousefforts.3.WhatisthesimilaritybetweentheresearchesbyWuandSimons?A.Theyusehydrophonesasfloats.B.TheyexchangetheirdatawithArgo.C.Theymeetthesametroubleatwork.D.Theyemploynewresearchmethods.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.Underseaearthquakes B.ClimateandseasC.Soundandoceanheat D.NewmethodfoundBManyolderpeoplearoundtheworldhaveatleastonecommonconcern:Howtogetyoungerpeople,hookedontheirelectronicdevices,interestedinclassicart.TaketheMonkeyKing,orSunWukong,asanexample.Themaincharacterinthe16th-centuryclassicnovel,JourneytotheWest,isaromanticfigureofbraveryandadventurethatcharmedmillionsofreadersbeforetheappearanceofonlineattractions.HavocinHeaven,anewPekingOperafilm,attractedthewiderpublictotheglamorofthetraditionalChineseperformanceart,featuringoneofthebest-knownchaptersfromJourneytotheWest.Thisfilm,expectedtocreateanewchanneltopromotePekingOpera,includesnearlyallthekeyingredientsofPekingOpera.Itcoversallthebasictechniques,morethan10classictunes,andmakeupfordozensoffacialrepresentationsofdifferentfigures’characteristics.It’sactuallyabigchallengetocombinePekingOperaandfilm,eachofwhichhasitsownrhythm,accordingtoChengLu,directorofthefilm,whoisadoptingafreshapproachtopresentthetraditionalartform.OnechallengethatChengandhisproductionteamfacedishowtobalancethenewapproachwithmaintainingthefundamentalsoftheart.ThebasicprinciplesandperformanceskillsinPekingOperacannotbechanged.Forexample,performancesinPekingOperaoftenemphasizesymbolismovertheaccuraterepresentationofmotion.Thereareneverrealhorsesonstage,andthefilmreflectsthat.AndwhenSunWukongeatspeaches,hemerelycopiestheactionofeatingwithouttakingabite.Somebackgroundimagesonstage,suchasapaintedwaterfall,remain,andalivebandwasonthesettoprovidesoundforthefilm,ratherthanemployingthepre-recordedmusic.“Ifwechangetraditionstocatertopeople’stasteandpreferenceforaregularfilm,itwillnolongerbeaPekingOperapieceofart,”Chengsaid.Ontheotherhand,somecreativitywasneededbecauseChengandhisteamdidnotjustwanttodocumentastageperformance.Computertechnologyisalsoappliedtoachievesomevisualeffectsandtopresentimpossiblescenes,suchasexplosionsortheheavenlycourtfloatingintheclouds.Also,thefilmingprocessleavesnoroomforactorstomaketheslightestmistakeinfrontofcameras,suchasthosethatwouldprobablygounnoticedinanoperahouse.PekingOperafilmsplayedapowerfulroleinthe1960sand70s,buttheirpopularitygavewaytomorediverseentertainment.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenarecoveryinthepopularityofPekingOperafilms.However,theoveruseofspecialeffectsinmanyfilmadaptationsofPekingOperaplayshasweakenedtheoriginalcharmofthestageperformances.Theimagination(enabledbythestage)canneverbesacrificedforafilm’sexpression.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toblameyoungpeopleaddictedtoelectronicdevices.B.ToadvertiseanewPekingOperafilm,HavocinHeaven.C.Toexpressolderpeople’sconcernabouttheyounggeneration.D.Toarousereaders’interestintraditionalChineseperformanceart.2.WhatdidDirectorChengdowhileproducingthefilm?A.Hemadechangestobasicperformanceskills.B.Hemadeuseofsymbolsandmotionsequally.C.Heinsistedonabandplayingmusiconthescene.D.Hebroughtontothestageexactdetailsofreallife.3.WhatinnovationdidCheng’steammake?A.Theyopposedarigidrecordingoftheperformance.B.Theyenrichedvisualeffectswithmoderntechnology.C.Theyallowedactorstorepeatactionsbeforethecamera.D.Theyadoptedrealexplosionscenesduringtheshooting.4.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.ImaginationisauniquecharmofPekingOperafilms.B.Technologymakesupforthelossofstageimagination.C.ThereissomepossibilityforafilmtoreplacePekingOpera.D.TheoriginalcharmofPekingOperacannotbesacrificedforfilms.COn30November,theEuropeanCommission(EC)revealedadraft"cleanenergy"packagefortheperiodupto2030.Onthesurface,theseproposalsaddresssomeoftheissueswithexistingrenewableenergypolicies.Butenvironmentalgroupswhohavebeenanalyzingtheproposalssaythatthegovernmentwillbeimpotentandwon'tsolvetheseriousflaws.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)gets65percentofitsrenewableenergyfrombiofuels-mainlywood,butitisfailingtoensurethatthebioenergycomesfromsustainablesourcesandresultsinlessemissionthanburningfossilfuels.Itspolicies,insomecases,areleadingtodeforestation,biodiversitylossandputtingmorecarbondioxideintheatmospherethanburningcoal."lt'salmostworsethandoingnothing."saysSiniErajaa,thebioenergypolicyofficerforBirdLifeEurope&CentralAsia,whodescribesthechangesasgreenwashing.Forinstance,oneproposedchangeistoapplytheEU'ssustainabilitycriteriatobiomass(生物燃料)usedinheatandpowerplantswhoseoutputis20megawattsormore."Thismeans,forinstance,thatelectricityandheatfrombiomasshavetoproduceatleast80percentfewergreenhousegasemissionscomparedtofossilfuelsby2021and85percentlessby2026,"statesamemoontherevisedrenewableenergyinstruction.Youmightthinkthiswillensurethatburningbiomassdoesnotresultinhighergreenhousegasemissionsthanfossilfueluse,butfarfromit.ThatstatementismisleadingbecauseitdoesnotmakeclearthattheEU'smethodforcalculatingemissionsassumesburningbiomassproducesnoCO2atall.Theassumptionisthattheseemissionsdon'thavetobecountedbecausethegrowthofplantstakeinasmuchCO2asisemittedwhentheyareburned.ButbecausetheEUdoesn'tcounttheseemissions,itisclaimingcarbonreductionforactivitiesthataresometimesincreasingemissions.Forinstance,theEUisnotjustburningsmallbitsofwoodwasteforenergy,whichcanindeedreduceemissions.Wholetreesarebeingcutdownforenergyandofteninanunsustainableway,saycampaigners,whowanttheEUtoabandonitsdrivetouseevermorebioenergy,particularlyforestbioenergy."Wearenotsayingbioenergyhasnoroletoplay,"saysErajaa,"Butitwillhavetobesmaller."1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impotent"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.potentialB.courageousC.cautiousDpowerless2.Whatdotheenvironmentalgroupsimplyaccordingtothepassage?A.TheEChasperformeditsdutyinreducingcarbonemission.B.Thegovernmenthadbetterdonothingtoreducecarbonemission.C.The"cleanenergy"policiesareharmfultotheatmosphereinasense.D.ThebiofuelsthatEUgetsmainlycomefromsustainableresources.3.Whyistherevisedrenewableenergyinstructionregardedasmisleading?A.ItassumesplantsgiveoutasmuchCO2asfossilfuels.B.Themethodsforcalculatingemissionsarenotreliable.C.BurningbiomasscontributestomoreCO2emissions.D.Plantscancancelouttheemissionsofburningfuels.4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat______________.A.protectingtreesaremoreimportantthanbioenergyB.fallenbranchesareagoodsourceofcleanenergyC.deforestationis,inessence,thesideeffectsofbiofuelsD.thedrivetousemorebioenergycanbecontinuedinaproperwayDAnartificialintelligencethatnavigates(导航)itsenvironmentmuchlikemammalscouldhelpsolveamysteryaboutourowninternalGPS.Equippedwithvirtualversionsofspecializedbrainnervecellscalledgridcells,theAIcouldeasilysolveandplannewroutesthroughvirtualmazes(迷宫).Thatperformance,describedonlineMay9inNature,suggeststhegridcells(网格细胞)inanimalbrainsplayacriticalroleinpathplanning.“Thisisabigstepforwardinunderstandingourownnavigationalneuralcircuitry(电路),”saysIngmarKanitscheider,acomputationalneuroscientistat.TheUniversityofTexasatAustinnotinvolvedinthework.ThediscoverythatratstracktheirlocationwiththehelpofgridcellsearnedaNorwegianresearchteamthe2014NobelPrizeinphysiologytomedicine.Neuroscientistssuspectedthesecells,whichhavealsobeenfoundinhumans,mighthelpnotonlygivemammalsaninternalcoordinate(协同)system,butalsoplandirectpathsbetweenpoints.Totestthatidea,neuroscientistCaswellBarryatUniversityCollegeLondon,alongwithcolleaguesatGoogleDeepMind,createdanAIthatcontainedvirtualnervecells,orneurons,whoseactivityresembledthatofrealgridcells.TheresearcherstrainedthisAItonavigatevirtualmazesbygivingthesystemrewardsignalswhenitreacheditsdestination.TheAIbestedahumanexpertplayeratsolvingthevirtualmazes,andprovedsavvierthanotherartificialneuralnetworksinplanningwaysthroughmazeslargerthanthosetraversed（横穿的）duringitstraining.Whenadooropenedtoprovideashortcutthroughthemaze,thenewAItookthemoredirectroute.Bycontrast,AIsystemswithoutartificialgridcellsignoredtheopendoorandtooklongthewayaround.Thesefindingssupporttheideathatgridcellsdomorethanhelpmammalslocatethemselvesintimeandspace;theyalsohelpanimalsplanthemoststraightforwarddirectiontodestinations.AIalsoappearstobe“averypowerfultool"fortestingotherneurosciencetheories,Barrysays.Heandhiscolleaguessuggestthatvirtualexperimentsonartificialneuralnetworksthatimitatedifferentregionsofthebrainmayeventuallyreplacesomeanimaltesting.ButtherearelimitationstousingAItostudythebrain.Becausethesystemismeanttolearnonitsown,researcherscan'ttellwhythesystemmadeaspecificdecision,saysneuroscientistFrancescoSavelliatJohnsHopkingsUniversity,whosecommentaryalsoappearsonlineMay9inNature.1.Whatisthefunctionofthevirtualgridcells?Helpinganimalsadapttotheenvironment.Controllingthegrowthofnervecells.AssistingtheAIinfindingaway-out.PromotingthecooperationbetweenAIrobots.2.Theunderlinedword“savvier"inParagraph5mostprobablymeansA.slowerB.nearerC.earlierD.wiser3.WecaninferfromParagraph6that____________.AnimalsareasintelligentashumansAnimaltestingonthebrainwillbereducedinfutureC.HumanswillbeequippedwiththevirtualgridcellsD.Gridcellsaremoreimportantthanothernervecells4.WhatisFrancescoSavelliunclearabout?A.HowtheAIsystemworks.B.WaysofAIlearningonitsown.C.Howeffectiverewardsignalswillworkonarobot.D.Therelationshipbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.ENOTthatlongago,theworldwonderedwhethercleanenergycouldsurvivewithoutgovernmentsupport.Nowthequestionishowfaritcanspread.Thenumberofelectricvehicles,whichwasabout1millionin2015,lastyearreached2million.Inelectricitygeneration,too,trendiswiththegreens.Inthefirsthalfofthisyearwind,solarandhydrogeneratedarecord35%ofGermany'spower.Greatersuccessisbreedinggreaterambition.Californiaisproposingtoreach60%renewableenergyby2030.176countrieshaveclean-energygoals.Hawaii,America'smostoil-dependentstate,haspromisedtobe100%renewablebythemiddleofthecenturyandsohave48poorcountriesvulnerabletoclimatechange.Thisweekthenumberofmultinationalsmakingacommitmenttorunningtheiroperationson100%renewableenergyroseto100.Butnoteverytargetishelpful.Toseewhy,considerthatgoalof100%renewableenergy.Itmakessolvingclimatechangeseemeasy.Infact,thoughwindandsolarcangeneratethewholecountry'selectricitysomeday,renewablesstillaccountforlessthan8%oftheworld'stotalpoweroutput.Moreover,cleaningupelectricityisonlypartofthebattle.Eventhoughgas-firedheatingandcookingcanbeatleastasbigasourceofgreenhouse-gasemissions,renewableheatinggetslittleattention.Transportpolicyisunpredictable,too.Carmakersmayhittheirgoalofannualsalesof10millionelectricvehiclesinadecade,butbattery-poweredroadtransport,shippingandaviationaredreams.Amuch-quotedclaimthatAmericacouldrelyonwind,solarandhydroaloneforitselectricityhasrecentlybeenbitterlycriticizedbyagroupofrespectedacademics.Mostimportantly,a100%renewablestargetconfusesmeanswithends.Thepriorityfortheplanetistostopnetemissions（净排放量）ofgreenhousegases,especiallycarbondioxide.Puttingtoomuchemphasisonwind,solarandotherrenewablesmayblockoffbettercarbon-reductionpaths.Newtechnologies,suchas"directaircapture"systemsdesignedtoseparatecarbondioxidefromtheair,mayintimeprovevital.Likewise,greaterenergyefficiencycouldreduceemissionsbyevenmorethanusingrenewableswould.1.WhyisGermanymentionedinParagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.TocomparewiththeUSA.C.Toprovethepossibilityofthe100%renewablestarget.D.Toprovideasuccessfulexampleofproducingcleanenergy.2.Whatpictureisdescribedinthebeginningofthepassage?A.Atoughfightagainstclimatechange.B.Apromisingfutureofcleanenergy.C.Ahugemarketofelectricvehicles.D.Afiercecompetitionbetweencountries.3.WhyiseverytargetnotrealisticaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Carmakerscannotproduceenoughbatteries.B.Useoftraditionalenergiescausesairpollution.C.Windandsolarenergywillnevermeettheneedsofacountry.D.Newenergydoesn'treceiveitsdueattentionineveryaspectofsociety.4.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagreewith?A.Newenergyplaysaminorroleinreality.B.Energyefficiencyispriortousingrenewables.C.Mxiingupmeanswithpurposesmattersmost.D.Thetargetof100renewablesistoohightoreach.

FInanewblogpostfortheInternationalMonetaryFund,fourresearcherspresentedtheirfindingsfromaworkingpaperthatexaminesthecurrentrelationshipbetweenfinanceandtechaswellasitspotentialfuture.Gazingintotheircrystalball,theresearchersseethepossibilityofusingthedatafromyourbrowsing,search,andpurchasehistorytocreateamoreaccuratemechanismfordeterminingthecreditratingofanindividualorbusiness.Theybelievethatthisapproachcouldresultingreaterlendingtoborrowerswhowouldpotentiallybedeniedbytraditionalfinancialinstitutions.Atitsheart,thepaperistryingtowrestlewiththedawningnotionthattheinstitutionalbankingsystemisfacingaseriousthreatfromtechcompanieslikeGoogle,Facebook,andApple.Theresearchersidentifytwokeyareasinwhichthisistrue:Techcompanieshavegreateraccesstosoft-information,andmessagingplatformscantaketheplaceofthephysicallocationsthatbanksrelyonformeetingwithcustomers.Theconceptofusingyourwebhistorytoinformcreditratingsisframedaroundthenotionthatlendersrelyonhard-datathatmighthidetheworthinessofaborrowerorpaintanunnecessarilybadpictureduringhardtimes.Citingsoft-datapointslike"thetypeofbrowserandhardwareusedtoaccesstheinternet,thehistoryofonlinesearchesandpurchases"thatcouldbeincludedinevaluatingaborrower,theresearchersbelievethatwhenalenderhasacloserrelationshipwiththepotentialclient'shistory,theymightbemorewillingtocutthemsomeslack."Bankstendtocushioncredittermsfortheirlong-termcustomersduringdownturns,"thepaper'sauthorswrite.Thisisbecausetheyhaveahistoryandrelationshipwiththecustomer.Theresearchersacknowledgethattherewillbeprivacyandpolicyconcernsrelatedtoincludingthiskindofsoft-dataincreditanalysis.Gettingthesoft-datapointswouldprobablyrequirecompanieslikeFacebookandAppletoloosenuptheirstandardsonlinkingunencryptedinformationwithindividualaccounts.Howtheymightshareinformationwithotherinstitutionswouldbeitsowncanofworms.1.Whatistheapproachputforwardbytheresearchers?A.Replacingbankswithsoftinformation. B.Lendingmoneybypredictingthefuture.C.Determiningcreditratingsbywebhistory. D.Facingthethreatposedbyhigh-techcompanies.2.Whydotheyadvocatethenewwayofratingtheborrower’scredit?A.Traditionalfinancerefusetolendmoney.B.Thenewapproachhelpsreduceburdenonbanks.C.Thetypeofhardwaremisleadsthelender’sjudgement.D.Softinformationbetterreflectsthetruththanharddata.3.WhichistheclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedphraseinParagraph4?A.Belessstrict. B.Shareinterests. C.Forgiveothers’fault. D.Cutapieceofbread.4.Whatdotheresearchersworryabout?A.Bankswillbreakupwithcustomers.B.Hightechcompanieswillbeinamess.C.Sharinginformationmaycauseproblemsofprivacy.D.Competitionbetweentechcompanieswillbemorefierce.GScientistshavedesigned“transparent(透明的)wood”thatcouldreplaceconventionalglassinwindows.Theinnovationwasdevelopedusingwoodfromthebalsatree,whichisnativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,andclaimstobefivetimesmorethermallyefficientthanglass.Theteamtreatedbalsawoodinanoxidizingbaththatbleaches(漂白)itofnearlyallvisibilityandthenpenetrateditwithPVA-creatingaproductthatisvirtuallytransparent.Unliketraditionalglass,thetransparentwoodcanwithstandmuchstrongerimpactsandwillbendorsplinterwhendamaged,insteadofshattering(粉碎).ThetransparentwoodwascreatedbyteamsattheUniversityofMarylandandUniversityofColorado,whichsetouttofindagreeneralternativetoconventionalglass–aproductionthatcreates25,000tonsinemissionseachyear.Alongwithcontributingtogreenhousegases,glasscontributestoalossofenergy.“Residentialbuildingwindowsinparticularaccountfor10–25%oftheheatlossduetotheirpoorthermalmanagementcapability,”theteamwroteinthestudy.“Exploringenergyefficientwindowmaterialsisthushighlydesirabletoaddressheatingcosts,energyshortages,andtheglobalimpactofclimatechangeassociatedwithincreasedcarbonemissions.”TheteamnotesthatthebondingbetweenPVAandcellulose(纤维素)inthewood,createsatightlypackedstructurethatallowsformorethermalprotectionandmakesitmoredurableandlighterthanglass.“Switchingtotransparentwoodcouldprovetobecostefficientaswell,”researcherssharedinastatement.“Itismadefromasustainable,renewableresourcewithlowcarbonemissions.Itcanbeproducedwithexistingindustrialprocessingequipment,makingitsmanufacturinganeasyprospect.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thermally”inparagraph2mean?A.Associatedwithcost. B.Connectedwithheat.C.Associatedwithemissions. D.Connectedwithstructure.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“transparentwood”?A.Itwillshatterwhendamaged. B.Ithasreplacedtraditionalglass.C.Itismoredurablethanglass. D.Itcontributestogreenhousegases.3.WhyistheresidentialbuildingwindowsmentionedinParagraph5?A.Toshowthedisadvantagesofconventionalglass.B.Toshowtheefficiencyofthermalmanagement.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofbuildingdesigning.D.Toexplaintheglobalimpactofclimatechange.4.Whathelpsthetransparentwoodinthermalprotection? A.Itstightlypackedstructure. B.Itssustainable,renewableresource. C.Itseasymanufacturingprospect. D.Itsindustrialprocessingequipment.HAtthestartofnearlyeverydoctor’svisit,chancesarethatyouwillbeaskedtogetyourweightmeasured.Butmanyconversationsaroundweighthavebecomeanobstacle,notahelp,inthecampaigntomakepeoplehealthier.Doctors’recommendationstodroppoundsarestillextremelycommon,eventhoughusingbodysizeasaone-size-fits-allwaycanleadtoignoranceofthecomplexityofanindividual’sparticularphysiology(生理机能).Manystudieshaveshownheavierpeopleareathigherriskforhighbloodpressure,diabetesandotherdiseases.Butthebigpictureisnotthewholepicture.Researchershaveidentifiedsomefatpeopleconsideredtobe“metabolically(新陈代谢地)healthy”.However,oneinterestingreportpublishedin2016foundthatunhealthythinpeopleweretwiceaslikelytogetdiabetesashealthyfatpeople.Clearly,althoughtheassociationbetweenbeingoverweightanddiseaseisveryreal,individualexperiencecanvarygreatlyanddependsonpersonalphysiologyandbehavior.Despitesuchfindings,amongthemoreterribleeffectsofweight-centralhealthcarearetheincreasedshameexperiencedbytheoverweight.Thewell-reportedexperienceofnumerousfatpeopleisthatdoctorsoftensetweightlosswithoutexaminingthem.Researchoverthepasttwodecadeshasshownthathealthprofessionalshavenegativeattitudestowardfatpeople.Notonlythatbutdoctors’appointmentswithfatpatientsareshorteronaverage,andsomerefusetoseethesepatientsatall,astheSouthFloridaSunSentinelreportedin2011.Suchprejudicedpracticeskeeppeoplefromregularannualexamsandpreventthedetectionofserioushiddenconditions.Topracticeevidence-basedmedicine,doctorsshouldstoprelyingonweightaloneasanindicatorofhealthandquicklysettingoutweightlosstotreathealthdiseases.Instead,doctorsshouldfocusonbehavioralchangestoimprovehealthoutcomes.Peopleofallsizesareentitledto

evidence-basedtreatmentsandkeepthem

healthy.1.Whatistheunderlinedphrase“aone-size-fits-allway”inParagraph1referto?A.Analternativeway. B.Atemporaryway. C.Auniquesolution. D.Aperfectsolution.2.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?Eachheavyindividualisathigherriskfordiseases.Fatpeopleareconsideredtobemetabolicallyhealthy.Allfatpeopledonotsufferhighbloodpressureordiabetes.Thinpeopleweretwiceaslikelytogetdiabetesasfatones.3.Howdoestheauthorconvinceusoftheeffectsofweight-centralhealthcare?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Byquotingopinions.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bymakingcomparisons.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.WeightShame. B.WeightLoss,Healthgains.C.WeightEffects. D.OnlyWeightIsNotEnough.IForyearsIhadn'tknownmuchaboutgardening.Igrewupinthecountrysidebutgothookedonmusicanddrawingandputagreatdealofeffortintobooks.Asateenager,thefieldsbeyondmyhomebecameagreenbarriertothebigcityIsolongedtobepartof.Iwasalwaysfulloflife,freefromworries.BreakingupwithJoshchangedeverything.Ifeltsolostandalone.YetIdidn'tturntogardeningforrecoverystraightaway.ThatsummerIwenttoadozenfestivals,dancedmywaythroughsleeplessweekendsandreliedonkindfriends.Butnoneofthemworkedforlong.ThenonedayIwalkedtothebalcony,seeingsunflowersbloomingbrightlyinthewind.Theymademerealizethatplantsalwayscarriedon.“Howsmallmyheartbreakisinthegrandschemeofthings,"Isaidtomyself.IhadnoideawhereI'dendupliving,butIcouldrelyonthosecyclesofgrowth,decay(衰退）andrenewal.Therewassomethingenormouslycomfortinginthat.Gradually,theneedforgreenspacebecameahabitthatchangedmylife.WhenIwasstayingwithfriends,I'dhuntoutparks.Withinacoupleofmonths,I'dsignedupasavolunteeratalocalcommunitygardenandwouldgetthereearlyonSundaymorning