黑龙江省大庆中学2021-2022学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

2021—2022学年度高二上学期开学考试英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分第I卷（选择题共100分）第一部分考试听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whichdoesn’tthemanorder?A.Hotcoffee.B.Cornbread.C.Grapejuice.2.WhatdoesLucydoontheInternetthesedays?A.Shelooksforajob.B.Shechatswithpeople.C.Shewatchesmovies.3.Whodidthebestinthismathexam?A.John.B.Lily.C.Mike.4.WhywillthewomangotoMaryland?A.Tovisitsomeherfriends.B.Toattendabirthdayparty.C.TogotoNationalHistoryDay.5.Whatkindofdoctordidthewomanprobablysee?A.Aheartdoctor.B.Askindoctor.C.Adentist.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.HowwillthetwospeakersgotovisitMary?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.7.Wherewillthetwospeakersmeet?A.Atthecinemagate.B.Atthebusstop.C.Infrontofthebookstore.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Havealatermeeting.B.Talktothedirector.C.Callhissecretary.9.Whenwillthemanprobablymeetthedirector?A.OnMondaymorning.B.OnMondayafternoon.C.OnWednesdaymorning.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherpresentjob?A.Boring.B.Tiring.C.Difficult.11.WhatistheadvantageofworkingattheHolidayHotelforthewoman?A.Thepayishigh.B.Thehotelisnearherhome.C.Shedoesn’thavetoworkatnight.12.WhoislookingafterCarolatnightnow?A.Thewoman’smother.B.Thewomanherself.C.Carol’sgrandma.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenMichaelandBetty?A.Classmates.B.Neighbors.C.Couple.14.WhatdidRobandStevedolastnight?A.Theyhadaquarrel.B.Theyheldaparty.C.Theytalkedonthephone.15.WhatdoweknowaboutMrs.Anderson?A.Shehashearingproblems.B.Sheisrudetopeople.C.Sheleadsaquietlife.16.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Awriter.B.Anactor.C.Adirector.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howmanyroomsdoesthecampoffer?A.20rooms.B.30rooms.C.60rooms.18.Whatisthecamp’sspecialactivity?A.Swimmingpractice.B.Mountainbiking.C.Writingpractice.19.Whendoesthemusicprogramstart?A.At3:30pm.B.At4:00pm.C.At5:00pm.20.Howdoesthespeakermaketheannouncement?A.Byradio.B.ByTV.C.Byphone.第二部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。NaturalFormationsYouCanFindOutdoorsNearBostonSculpturedRocksNaturalAreaLocation:Groton,NHDrivingtimefromBoston:2hoursSituatedoffthesideofaquietroad,you’llfindtheCockermouthRiverrunningthroughalandofunusualrockformationsandglacialpotholes(冰川壶穴).IfyouknowroadsaroundBostonwell,you’reprobablynotexcitedatthethoughtofpotholes,butthesearepotholesyou’llactuallywanttosee.It’sagreatswimmingspotinthesummerandtherocksprovidemanychoicestojumpfromwhentheconditionsareright.MadisonBoulderLocation:Madison,NHDrivingtimefromBoston:2hours20minutesTheMadisonBoulderisthelargestglacialerratic(漂砺)inNorthAmerica.Itweighsover5,000tonsandstands83feetlong,37feetwide,and23feettall.That’slargerthantheaveragehouseintheUnitedStates.Besuretopackalunch,becausetheareaaroundtherockisperfectforpicnicking.RockHouseReservationLocation:WestBrookfield,MADrivingtimefromBoston:1hour25minutesTheattractionofthis196-acrereservationistheRockHouse.AttheendoftheIceAge12,000yearsago,aglaciercarvedthis30-foot-highrockintoaperfectshelter.Withpartoftherockstickingoutoverheadtoformalargeroof,NativeAmericansuseditasacamptoprotectthemfromthecoldwinters.Yearslater,thelandwasusedforfarmingandmore.Today,theplaceispopularforactivitieslikehorsebackridingandmountainbiking.TheButtonballTreeLocation:Sunderland,MADrivingtimefromBoston:1hour50minutesToweringataround115feethighandspanningover130feetacross,theButtonballTreeisthelargesttreeeastoftheMississippiRiver.Nooneknowsforsurewhenitwasplanted.Estimates(估计)putitataround400yearsold.1.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttogoswimming?A.Groton,NH. B.Madison,NH.C.Sunderland,MA. D.WestBrookfield,MA.2.WhichofthefollowingisfarthestfromBoston?A.MadisonBoulder. B.TheButtonballTree.C.RockHouseReservation. D.SculpturedRocksNaturalArea.3.WhatdoweknowabouttheRockHouse?A.Itstands23feettall. B.Itisaman-madewonder.C.Itonceservedasashelter. D.Itwascreated400yearsago.KaydenceHenslee,13,wasspendingherspringbreakvisitingDisneyWorldwithherfamily.Duringapooldayattheirhotel,shenoticedasmallunconscious(无意识的)bodyinthedeependofthewater.“Iwasnervousandafraid,butmyinstincts(本能)kickedin,”HensleetoldKRQE.“Ijustsawherfloating.Shewasn’tonthebottomwhenIwasthere.”Thevictim(受害人)wasthree-year-oldHavenWilliams,whowasalsospendingavacationwithherparentsdowninFlorida.HermotherAshleysteppedawayfromthepoolforamoment:“Ijustrememberseeinganotherwomanrunacrossandcryintothebarareaforsomeonetocall911becauseababyhadjustdrowned...Ididn’tthinkitwasmybaby.”HensleehelpedgetHavenoutofthepoolasher“lipturnedpurple”andAshleycouldthenseeitwasherowndaughterfromthechild’sswimsuit.Anemployeeatachildren’shospitalinMissouriherself,Ashleyrecalledthe“feelingoflosingmychild.”AheroicbystanderhelpedHensleeandperformedCPRuntilHavencouldbetransportedtothehospital.Thoughthingsweretouch-and-go,Havenisnowexpectedtomakeafullrecovery.Hensleeremainedmodestaboutheractions.“Iknewitwastherightthingtodotohelpsomeoneout,”shesaid.SheevenplansongettingCPRcertifiedinlightofthesituation.Sincethenear-drowningaccident,Havenhasstayedintouchwithherrescuer.Hensleeevensentheragiftforherbirthday.“Thefactisthattheycanstillcelebrateabirthdaythisweekandalltheholidays.Maybetheycanbelifelongfriends,”Henslee’sfatherMattsaid.4.WhathappenedwhenHensleewasatDisneyWorld?A.Shewasrequiredtolookafterababy.B.Shesawaninactivebodyinapool.C.Shefellintothewateraccidentally.D.Shelostherfamilyinthecrowd.5.HowcanwesayaboutAshleywhensheheardthecrying?A.Shewasfrightenedtodeath.B.sheprovidedmedicalhelpatonce.C.Shedidn’tcarewhatjusthadhappened.D.Shedidn’trealizeherbabywasindanger.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“touch-and-go”inparagraph5mean?A.Risky. B.Different.C.Difficult. D.Surprising.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHenslee?A.Braveandhelpful. B.Patientandstrict.C.Caringandhonest. D.Selflessandcreative.Withtheirsillysmilesandbigbrowneyes,Australiansealionsareadorable.PhotographerLouiseCoopershouldknow:inlate2019shevisitedKangarooIslandwithateamofscientistsfromUniversityofSydneytophotographthesealioncolonyatthebeautifulSealBay.Cooperspenthourssittingwithhercameraamidsandduneswatchingsealionsgoabouttheirday—motherstakingcareoftheiryoung,hugemaleslazilysunningthemselvesonthesand,othersplayingbitey-faceinthesurf.“Theseplayfulcreaturesarejustlikepuppydogs,”shesays.Sadly,huntedalmosttodyingoutinthe1800s,thesecreatures’slowrecoveryhasbeeninfluencedbytheirverylongbreeding(繁殖)period—Australiansealionsbreedevery18months,comparedto12monthsforfurseals.Overthelast40years,sealionnumbershavefallenbymorethanhalf.CooperwasontheSouthAustralianislandtorecordtheimportantworkbeingdonebyscientistDrRachaelGrayandherteam,whoaretryingtofindoutwhy.“Hookworm(钩虫)diseaseisquitecommoninAustraliansealions,”Cooperexplains.“SoscientistslikeDrGrayaretreatingthemwithanantibiotic(抗生素)toseeiftheycanstampitout(消灭，根除).”Highlevelsofmercuryandecolihavealsobeendiscoveredintheirsystem.Together,thesehumanpollutantsweakenthesealions’immune(免疫的)systems.TherearehopesthatstampingouthookworminAustraliansealionswillgivethemabetterchanceofsurvival.Theteam’svisittoKangarooIslandwasontheeveofthedeadlybushfiresthatsweptthroughmuchoftheisland,destroyingwildlifeandanimalhabitats.DrGrayracedfromSydneytocheckonthesealsand,thesealionsmostlypaidnoattentiontowhathadhappened.Thankfully,thesealioncolonyatSealBaysurvivedunharmed.“Thefireswereheartbreaking,”saysCooper,whohopestoreturntothecolonywithDrGrayandherteam,whofornowarekeepinganeyeonthisat-riskgroupofseaanimals.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adorable”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Careful. B.Lovable.C.Dangerous. D.Independent.9.WhatproblemdoAustraliansealionsfacenow?A.Theyareattackedbyfurseals.B.Theyhavetoleavetheirhome.C.Theyareendangeredbyhunters.D.Theyhaveaverysmallpopulation.10.WhatdidDrGray’steamfindoutaboutAustraliansealions?A.Theyhavelittlechanceofsurvival.B.Theyhaveastrongimmunesystem.C.Theyaredoingpoorlyaftertreatment.D.Theyareatriskfromhookwormdisease.11.Whathappenedtothesealionsinthebushfires?A.Theywereuninjured. B.Theygotburntbadly.C.Theyfailedtosurvive. D.Theywerefrightenedaway.Morethan200mprintbooksweresoldintheUKlastyear,thefirsttimesince2012thatnumberhasbeenexceeded(超过),accordingtoofficialbooksalesmonitorNielsenBookScan.Althoughthecoronaviruspandemic(新冠病毒大流行)causedaseriesoflockdowns(封锁)aroundthecountry—bookshopsinEnglandwereclosedfrom23Marchuntil15June,andthenagainfrom5Novemberuntil2December,withdifferinglockdownsinplacearoundtherestoftheUK—Nielsonsaidthatprintbookssalesgrewby5.2%comparedwith2019.Thismeans202mbooksworth£1.76bnbeingsoldintheUKlastyear,saidNielsen.AtWaterstones,KateSkippercalledthenumbersreallyexcitingwhichgaveherhugeconfidenceagain.“Somanypeoplehaveturnedtobooksforinformationandjoythroughthisdifficultyear,”saidSkipper.“Ourshopswereaskedtostayshut,butwhenwewereabletosafelyopenagain,readersreallywantedtobrowse(浏览)anddiscovernewbooks,”shesaid.KieraO’Brien,charts&dataeditoratTheBookseller,saidbookbuyersseemedtobe“makingtheefforttogotohighstreet(繁华的商业街区)andindependentbookshopswhiletheycould,andspendingalotofmoneyinonego.”Sheaddedthat“thegrowthwasverymuchspreadacrosstheboard,withnosinglestandoutbestseller(畅销书)drivingthemarketupwards.”ButNicolaSolomonattheSocietyofAuthorssaidthatdespitethestrongoverallperformance,manyauthorswerestillstruggling.“Booksalesareup.Wejustdon’tbelievetheyareupacrosstheboard,”shesaid.“Bignames,series,evensomenewcomershavedonewell,butplentyofpeoplehavesuffered.”TheSocietyofAuthors’emergencyfundforauthorsfacingfinancialhardshiphasgivenout£1.3mtodate,tojustover1,000authors,andwillcontinuetosupportwritersintroubleasaresultofthepandemic.12.Whatdothenumbersinparagraph2show?A.BookshopsinEnglandarefacingalotofdifficulties.B.BooksalesintheUKincreasedlastyear.C.Printbooksaremorepopularthane-books.D.Printbookswillbeoutofdatesoon.13.HowdidKateSkipperfeelaboutthebooksales?A.Encouraged. B.Dissatisfied.C.Worried. D.Trusted.14.WhatdoNicolaSolomon’swordsinparagraph5mean?A.Theincreaseofbooksalesleadstomorebookstores.B.Newcomersaremorepopularthanbignames.C.Manyauthorsarestillfacingdifficulties.D.Booksaleswillgodowninthefuture.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PandemicturnedusintobookloversB.Printbookswinthefightwithe-booksC.BookshopswelcomesuddenincreaseD.Bignamescallonpeopletoread第三部分七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WellSMARTgoalsareSpecific,Measurable,Attainable,RelevantandTimely.Seehowtheygettheirnames.____16____That’swhatyoucallanacronym.Specific—becausetheyaredetailed.It’snotgoodenoughtosimplysayI’mgoingtoreviseformyexams.____17____Aspecificgoalissomethinglike:I’mgoingtospendatleast20hoursrevisingforeachsubjectandmakeatimetabletoshowhowI’mgoingtodothis.Measurable—becauseyoushouldbeabletomeasureyourgoalsandaskyourselfquestionslike:“HowmuchhaveIdone?”;“HowmuchhaveIstillgottodo?”;“____18____”;“Isthis‘baddream’evergoingtoend?”____19____Ifyourgoalis,forexample,toraise$1millionforcharity,writeanovel,andreviseforyourexamsthenyoumightwanttoaskyourselfifyoureallycandoallthisandthenmaybedroponeortwoofthem.Relevant—becauseallyoulittlegoalsshouldhelpyouworktowardsyourfinalone.Timely—yourgoalmusthaveatimeframe.____20____There’snotmuchpointifyou’replanningtofinishrevisingacoupleofweeksafteryourexamsareover.Thatdoesn’tmakemuchsense.Likewise,youneedtothinkaboutwhenwouldbeagoodtimetostart.A.Thatplan’stoogeneral.B.HowmuchtimedoIstillneed?C.It’snotreallygoingtobehelpful,isit?D.Lookatthefirstletterofeachofthewords.E.Inotherwords,itmusthaveastartandafinish.F.Beingthemostpopularchildinyourhousewon’thelpyouwiththerevision.G.Attainable—becauseyourgoalshouldbesomethingthatyoucanactuallydo.第四部分完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Teachingabroadgivesmethechancetofeeltrulyimmersed(沉浸).IknewIwantedto____21____theworldfromaveryyoungage.Iwas____22____enoughasachildtotravelwithmyfamilytonearbycountries.WhenIwasatcollege,Idecidedtostudy____23____foroneyear.Itwasachancetoliveinandexperienceanothercountryinawaythattakinga____24____justdoesn’tallow.However,thisexperiencedidn’thelpme____25____mydesire(渴望)fortravel,andIwantedtotravelmore.So,aftergraduation,IwenttoThailandandbegan____26____Englishthere.Itseemedliketheperfectwayformetotravel,____27____money,andgivebacktocommunitiesaroundtheworld.Bydoingthis,Icould____28____immersemyselfinavery____29____culture.Iarrivedknowingverylittleofthelocal_____30_____butbytheendwasabletohaveconversationswithmystudentsandneighbors.IalsoatefoodIwouldneverhavetriedifIhadjustbeenatourist.Ihad_____31_____tostayinThailandforonesemester(学期),_____32_____endedupstayingfortwoyears.Theyweresomeofthe_____33_____yearsofmylife.IvisitedmanycountriesinSoutheastAsiaand_____34_____alotaboutthatpartoftheworld.Therearemanypeoplethatjustdon’t_____35_____tolivetheirlivesinthe_____36_____place.Iamoneofthosepeople.Teachingabroad_____37_____metomovearoundandtravelslowly.Bylivinginacountryandhavinga_____38_____there,IlearnmuchmoreabouttheculturethanIwouldifI_____39_____visitedforaweekortwo,andIgetthe_____40_____tovisitlocationsthatsometimesonlylocalsknowabout.21.A.travel B.change C.rule D.save22.A.tired B.lucky C.afraid D.relaxed23.A.hard B.online C.alone D.abroad24.A.walk B.vacation C.lesson D.picture25.A.increase B.feel C.satisfy D.express26.A.understanding B.speaking C.loving D.teaching27.A.earn B.spend C.borrow D.waste28.A.secretly B.carelessly C.completely D.painfully29.A.common B.different C.popular D.traditional30.A.language B.scene C.law D.product31.A.asked B.happened C.learned D.planned32.A.or B.but C.if D.because33.A.earliest B.dark C.best D.final34.A.knew B.worried C.talked D.forgot35.A.hate B.need C.refuse D.want36.A.wrong B.same C.dangerous D.safe37.A.requires B.expects C.allows D.warns38.A.friend B.house C.guide D.job39.A.simply B.strangely C.politely D.crazily40.A.right B.skill C.chance D.courage第II卷（非选择题共50分）注意：将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第五部分语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。AsupermarketemployeeinIllinoisisbeingcalledaheroafter____41____(run)acrossthestore’sparkinglottosaveababy____42____wasinarunawayshoppingcart(购物车).BenMazur,aworkerataSchnuckssupermarketinAlton,waspushingshoppingcartswhenheheardacarhornhonking(喇叭鸣响)repeatedly.“Itturnsout,the____43____(own)ofthecarwastryingtogetsomeone’sattentionbecausethere____44____(be)arunawaycartrollingdownthestore’sparkinglot,”accordingtothesupermarketmanager.Mazurquicklynoticeditwasn’tjustacart—therewasalsoababyplacedinthechildseat.“Themomwasputting____45____(she)otherkidsinthecaranddidn’trealizewhatwashappening,”Mazurexplained.“Istopped____46____Iwasdoing,ranacrossthelotandpulledthecartbackbeforeitrolledintoastopsign.”Now,boththemanagerandcustomersspeak____47____(high)ofMazur.“Wehaveaslanting(倾斜的)parkinglotsocartscangetrollingfast,”saidAltonCo-ManagerTomMoore.“QuickthinkingonBen’spartsavedthebaby.Congrats,Ben,you’re____48____braveman!”“Notall____49____(hero)wearcapes(披肩),”acustomeradded.“Youran____50____(fast)thanaspeedingbaby!”anotherjoked.“Goodjob,Ben.”第六部分短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。短文中有10处错误，每句最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^）,并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIwasveryyoung,Iwasalwaystoldbymymomnottowastingfood.Shedidreallywellatsavingfood.Forexample,sheoftenmadealistofwhatwewouldeatinawholeweeksaheadoftimeandboughtfreshvegetableseveryday.Shealwayssaid,“Storeofmore.Wastemore.”Usualwecouldfinishallthefood,butsometimestherewassomefoodleft.Atthattime,mymomwouldputitintotherefrigerator.NowIamgrowingupandhastoeatintheschooldininghall.Influencingbyher,IjusttakeasmuchIneedandneverwastefood.AndIwastryingtoinfluencemorepeoplearoundmine.第七部分书面表达（满分25分）52.假定你是李华，你校即将举办一次展现中国文化的演出，交换生Kevin想参加并让你推荐一个中国传统文化节目，请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.推荐的节目及理由；3.可以提供的帮助。注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearKevin,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua#########################################################################################【答案】1-5CAACC6-10BCACA11-15BBCBA16-20ABCBA【答案】1.A2.A3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了波士顿附近的四个户外旅游景点。1.细节理解题。根据SculpturedRocksNaturalArea中“Location:Groton,NH(位置：Groton,NH)”和“It’sagreatswimmingspotinthesummerandtherocksprovidemanychoicestojumpfromwhentheconditionsareright.（在夏天，这里是一个游泳的好地方，当条件合适的时候，岩石提供了许多选择。）”可知，如果你想去游泳，你可以去Groton,NH。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据SculpturedRocksNaturalArea中“DrivingtimefromBoston:2hours(从波士顿开车：2小时)”，MadisonBoulder中“DrivingtimefromBoston:2hours20minutes(从波士顿开车：2小时20分钟)”，RockHouseReservation中“DrivingtimefromBoston:1hour25minutes(从波士顿开车：1小时25分钟)”和TheButtonballTree中“DrivingtimefromBoston:1hour50minutes(从波士顿开车：1小时50分钟)”可知，在这四个旅游景点中，从波士顿去MadisonBoulder需开车2小时20分钟，这是距离波士顿最远的景区。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据RockHouseReservation中“AttheendoftheIceAge12,000yearsago,aglaciercarvedthis30-foot-highrockintoaperfectshelter.(在一万二千年前的冰河时代末期，一座冰川把这块三十英尺高的岩石雕刻成了一个完美的避难所。)”可知，RockHouse曾经是一个避难所。故选C。【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了13岁的凯登斯·亨斯利和家人度假时救了一个婴儿的英勇事迹。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Duringapooldayattheirhotel,shenoticedasmallunconscious(无意识的)bodyinthedeependofthewater.（一天，在酒店的游泳池里，她注意到一个小的无意识的身体在水的深处。）”可知，亨斯利在迪士尼世界的时候她在游泳池里看到一具不活动的身体。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“HermotherAshleysteppedawayfromthepoolforamoment:“Ijustrememberseeinganotherwomanrunacrossandcryintothebarareaforsomeonetocall911becauseababyhadjustdrowned...Ididn’tthinkitwasmybaby.”（她的母亲阿什莉离开了泳池一会儿：“我只记得看到另一个女人跑过来，哭着跑到酒吧区叫人打911，因为一个婴儿刚刚溺水了……我不认为那是我的孩子。”）”可知，当阿什莉听到叫声时，她没有意识到她的孩子有危险。故选D。3.词义猜测题。根据句中的Though，可知前后句意出现转折，后句“Havenisnowexpectedtomakeafullrecovery.（港湾现在有望完全恢复。）”可猜测，前句是形容孩子情况很危急，所以touch-and-go指的是“危险的”之意。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据第二段““Iwasnervousandafraid,butmyinstincts(本能)kickedin,”HensleetoldKRQE.(“我很紧张，也很害怕，但我的本能发挥了作用，”亨斯利告诉KRQE。)”、第四段“HensleehelpedgetHavenoutofthepoolasher“lipturnedpurple”（亨斯利帮助Haven从泳池里出来，当时她的“嘴唇都变紫了”）”以及倒数第二段““Iknewitwastherightthingtodotohelpsomeoneout,”shesaid.（“我知道帮助别人是正确的事情，”她说。）”可推断，亨斯利是个勇敢和乐于助人的人。故选A。【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【解析】本文是说明文。研究表明可爱的澳大利亚海狮正面临数量有限的危险，科学家希望通过药物消除钩虫对海狮的伤害。1.词义猜测题。根据第一段“Withtheirsillysmilesandbigbrowneyes,Australiansealionsareadorable.”（傻傻的微笑和大大的棕色眼睛，澳大利亚海狮非常adorable）可知，摄影师路易斯·库珀拍的照片中海狮很可爱。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Sadly,huntedalmosttodyingoutinthe1800s,thesecreatures’slowrecoveryhasbeeninfluencedbytheirverylongbreeding(繁殖)period—Australiansealionsbreedevery18months,comparedto12monthsforfurseals.Overthelast40years,sealionnumbershavefallenbymorethanhalf.”（可悲的是，澳大利亚海狮被捕杀几乎在19世纪濒临灭绝，这些生物的缓慢复苏已经被它们很长繁殖期影响——澳大利亚海狮每18个月繁殖一次，而毛皮海豹每12个月繁殖一次。在过去的40年里，海狮的数量下降了一半以上）得知，澳大利亚海狮面临的问题是数量很少。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据第三段““Hookworm(钩虫)diseaseisquitecommoninAustraliansealions,”Cooperexplains.“SoscientistslikeDrGrayaretreatingthemwithanantibiotic(抗生素)toseeiftheycanstampitout(消灭，根除).”Highlevelsofmercuryandecolihavealsobeendiscoveredintheirsystem.Together,thesehumanpollutantsweakenthesealions’immune(免疫的)systems.TherearehopesthatstampingouthookworminAustraliansealionswillgivethemabetterchanceofsurvival.”（“钩虫在澳大利亚海狮疾病很常见，”库珀说。“所以像Gray博士一样的科学家用抗生素治疗看是否可以根除钩虫。”它们体内还发现了大量的汞和大肠杆菌。并且，这些人类污染物削弱海狮的免疫系统。有希望消灭澳大利亚海狮的钩虫将给它们更好的生存机会）得知，澳大利亚海狮处于钩虫疾病的危险。故选D。4.细节理解题。根据第四段“Theteam’svisittoKangarooIslandwasontheeveofthedeadlybushfiresthatsweptthroughmuchoftheisland,destroyingwildlifeandanimalhabitats.DrGrayracedfromSydneytocheckonthesealsand,thesealionsmostlypaidnoattentiontowhathadhappened.Thankfully,thesealioncolonyatSealBaysurvivedunharmed.”（考察队访问袋鼠岛时，正值致命的森林大火席卷岛上大部分地区，摧毁了野生动物和动物栖息地的前夕。格雷医生从悉尼跑过来查看海豹的情况，而海狮大多没有注意到发生了什么。幸运的是，海豹湾的海狮群安然无恙。）得知，澳大利亚海狮没有在山火中受伤。故选A。【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。有数据表明去年英国纸质图书销量超过2亿本，这是自2012年以来首次超过这一数字。尽管冠状病毒大流行在全国各地造成了一系列的封锁，但是去年英国的图书销售增加了。对这一现象不同的人表达了各自对此的看法。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Althoughthecoronaviruspandemiccausedaseriesoflockdownsaroundthecountry—bookshopsinEnglandwereclosedfrom23Marchuntil15June,andthenagainfrom5Novemberuntil2December,withdifferinglockdownsinplacearoundtherestoftheUK—Nielsonsaidthatprintbookssalesgrewby5.2%comparedwith2019.Thismeans202mbooksworth£1.76bnbeingsoldintheUKlastyear,saidNielsen.(尽管冠状病毒大流行在全国各地造成了一系列的封锁——英格兰的书店从3月23日到6月15日关闭，然后又从11月5日到12月2日关闭，英国其他地区也有不同的封锁——尼尔森说，与2019年相比，印刷书籍的销售增长了5.2%。尼尔森说，这意味着去年在英国销售了2.02亿册图书，价值17.6亿英镑)”可知，第二段中的数字说明了去年英国的图书销售增加了。故选B。2.观点态度题。根据第三段“AtWaterstones,KateSkippercalledthenumbersreallyexcitingwhichgaveherhugeconfidenceagain.“Somanypeoplehaveturnedtobooksforinformationandjoythroughthisdifficultyear,”saidSkipper.“Ourshopswereaskedtostayshut,butwhenwewereabletosafelyopenagain,readersreallywantedtobrowseanddiscovernewbooks,”shesaid.(在Waterstones，KateSkipper对这一数字非常激动，这又给了她巨大的信心。Skipper说：“在这艰难的一年里，很多人都从书本中寻求信息和快乐。我们的书店被要求关门，但当我们能够安全地重新开张时，读者真的很想浏览和发现新书。”)”可推知，KateSkipper认为书籍销量有鼓励作用。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第五段“ButNicolaSolomonattheSocietyofAuthorssaidthatdespitethestrongoverallperformance,manyauthorswerestillstruggling.“Booksalesareup.Wejustdon’tbelievetheyareupacrosstheboard,”shesaid.“Bignames,series,evensomenewcomershavedonewell,butplentyofpeoplehavesuffered.”(但作家协会的NicolaSolomon说，尽管总体表现强劲，但许多作家仍在挣扎。“图书销量上升。我们只是不相信它们会全面上升。大牌、电视剧，甚至一些新人都做得很好，但也有很多人受到了影响。”)”可推知，第5段中NicolaSolomon的话意思是许多作者仍然面临困难。故选C。4.标题归纳题。根据第一段“Morethan200mprintbooksweresoldintheUKlastyear,thefirsttimesince2012thatnumberhasbeenexceeded,accordingtoofficialbooksalesmonitorNielsenBookScan.(根据官方图书销售监测机构尼尔森图书扫描的数据，去年英国纸质图书销量超过2亿本，这是自2012年以来首次超过这一数字)”再结合事情发生在冠状病毒大流行造成的一系列封锁期间，可知，A选项“流行病把我们变成了爱读书的人”最符合文章标题。故选A。【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.G20.E【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了制定明智目标的几个要素和要求。1.根据上文“WellSMARTgoalsareSpecific,Measurable,Attainable,RelevantandTimely.Seehowtheygettheirnames.(明智的目标是具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、相关的和及时的。看看他们的名字是怎么来的)”可知，上文提到看SMART是怎么来的，再结合SMART可知是由提到的单词的第一个字母构成的。故D选项“看每个单词的第一个字母”符合语境，故选D。2.根据上文“Specific—becausetheyaredetailed.It’snotgoodenoughtosimplysayI’mgoingtoreviseformyexams.(具体——因为他们很详细。仅仅说我要复习备考是不够的)”以及后文“Aspecificgoalissomethinglike:I’mgoingtospendatleast20hoursrevisingforeachsubjectandmakeatimetabletoshowhowI’mgoingtodothis.(一个具体的目标是：我要花至少20个小时复习每一门课，并制定一个时间表来展示我将如何做到这一点)”可知，上文提到复习备考不够，后文就具体的目标进行了举例，可知上文提到的计划过于笼统。故A选项“这个计划太笼统了”符合语境，故选A。3.根据上文“Measurable—becauseyoushouldbeabletomeasureyourgoalsandaskyourselfquestionslike:“HowmuchhaveIdone?”;“HowmuchhaveIstillgottodo?”(可衡量的——因为你应该能够衡量你的目标，问自己这样的问题：“我完成了多少？”“我还有多少事要做？”)”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在问量化目标的问题，故B选项“我还需要多少时间？”符合语境，故选B。4.根据后文“Ifyourgoalis,forexample,toraise$1millionforcharity,writeanovel,andreviseforyourexamsthenyoumightwanttoaskyourselfifyoureallycandoallthisandthenmaybedroponeortwoofthem.(例如，如果你的目标是为慈善机构筹集100万美元，写小说，复习考试，那么你可能会问自己是否真的能做到这些，然后放弃一两个)”可知，后文举例说明思考目标是否是实际能做到的事情，即目标要可实现。故G选项“可实现的——因为你的目标应该是你实际能做的事情”符合语境，故选G。5.根据上文“Timely—yourgoalmusthaveatimeframe.(及时性——你的目标必须有一个时间框架)”以及后文“There’snotmuchpointifyou’replanningtofinishrevisingacoupleofweeksafteryourexamsareover.Thatdoesn’tmakemuchsense.Likewise,youneedtothinkaboutwhenwouldbeagoodtimetostart.(如果你打算在考试结束后几周内完成复习，那就没有多大意义了。这没有多大意义。同样地，你需要考虑什么时候是开始的好时机)”可知，后文提到了开始的好时机，即目标要有开始和结束时间。故E选项“换句话说，它