2020届上海市浦东新区高三二模英语

页toseewhetherthescientistknowshisorherarea,hasthenecessaryabilities,andisrealisticinhisorherplans.Oncethescientisthastheneeded__47__,hasdonethe work,andhaswrittenareportoftheresults,thatreportswillgotoascientificjournal.Beforepublishingthereport,thejournal’seditorswillshowittootherworkersinthesameor__48__fieldsandaskwhethertheworkwasdoneadequately,theconclusionarejustified,andthereportshouldbepublished.Thethirdstageofpeerreviewhappensarepublication,whenthebroaderscientificcommunitygetstoseeand__49__thework.Thisthree-stagequality-controlprocesscan,ofcourse,befaulty.Anyscientistwithindependentwealthcan__50__thefirststagequiteeasilybutsuchscientistsaremuch,muchrarertodaythantheywereacenturyorsoago.Thosewhoremainaretheobjectofenvy.__51__,itisfairtosaythattheyarenotdisapprovedaswerethosewhoavoidthelattertwostagesofthe“peerreview”mechanismsbyusingpressconferences.Ontheotherhand,itiscertainlypossibleforthestandardpeerreviewmechanismsto__52__.Bytheirnature,thesemechanismsaremorelikelyto__53__ideasthatarenotdifferentfromwhatthereviewersthinktheyalreadyknow.Yettheun-traditionalorunconventionalideasarenot__54__wrong,asAlfredWegenerprovedwhenhetriedtogain__55__fortheideaofcontinentaldriftintheearlytwentiethcentury.Itwasnotuntilthe1960sthatmostgeologistsacceptedhisideasasgenuineinsights.41.A.purposesB.dutiesC.interestsD.needs42.A.innovativeB.prospectiveC.cooperativeD.plain43.A.accustomingB.addictingC.restrictingD.subjecting44.A.projectsB.sourcesC.unionsD.departments45.A.strongerB.morelimitedC.moredramaticbroader46.A.LookupB.gooverC.longforD..callfor47.A.fundsB.fieldsC.impactsD.experiments48.A.differentB.chosenC.relatedD.academic49.A.substituteB.createC.judgeD.undertake50.A.reachB.markC.holdD.skip51.A.SimilarlyB.ContrarilyC.SurelyD.Therefore52.A.failB.functionC.evolveD.work53.A.conveyB.overlookC.rejectD.approve54.A.necessarilyB.particularlyC.dramaticallyD.terribly55.A.confidenceB.acceptanceC.strengthD.weightSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)ToBeaDeafDJIwasborninEnglandwithperfecthearing.In1990,whenIwasfive,myfamily movedtotheUnitedStates.Istartedgettingearinfectionseverythreemonthsorso.Wedidn’thavehealthinsuranceatthetime,andwhenIgotathirdinfection,myparentscouldn’taffordthetreatment.Iwentdeafinmyrightearandwasleftwith50percenthearinginmyleft.Overtime,myremaininghearingdroppedto20percent,whereitistoday.MydoctorspredictedthatIwouldbethoroughlydeafbynow,soIthinkI’mdoingprettywell.Therewasalwaysmusiconinmyhouseinmychildhood.IlovedlisteningtoMetallica,LedZeppelin,MichaelJackson.MydadwasaDJ,soheplayeddisco,folk,rock, andmusicfromothercountries.Formy18thbirthday,mydadaskedmetodeejayattherestaurantbeowned.Afterdoingthatforafewweeks,Iwashooded.Idesiredtolearnmore.Ie-mailedDJShiftee,adistinguishedNewYorkCityDJ,whenIwas25: “Iknowyoulikeachallenge.Howaboutteachinga deafpersontodeejay?”Hewrotebackthenextday;“Challengeaccepted.”Hetutoredmetwiceaweekfortwoyears,helpingmedevelopcorrecttechnique.Ipracticedfourhoursaday.NowwhenI’mperforming,musclememorytakesover.WhenIstarted,Iwouldn’ttelltheclubmanagersthatIwasdeaf.Iwouldjustshowup,introducemyself,andstartplayingmusic.Attheendofthenight,someonewouldsay, “Oh,here’sthecheck.”AndI’dsay,“What?Oh,Ican’thear.”Theywerealwayssoastonished.SometimesIwouldbringdoctor’snotesbecausetheywouldn’tbelieveme.ItwasreassurancethattheyweregivingmeopportunitiestoperformbecauseIwasbrilliant,nooutofsympathy.Eventuallypeoplestartedcallingme “thatdeafDJ,”andthenamestuck.Whatfascinatesmeaboutdeejayingisthecreativity.Iusesoftwarethatturnsthemusicintolinesofcoloronacomputerscreen.I ’mvisuallyhearingthemusic.Thenexttimeyougodancing,coveryourears,andyou’llstartseeingthatyou’reabletohearthemusicinadifferentway.Musicisnotallabouthearing.Ipayallsortsofget-togethersnow,fromcollegepartiestocorporateevents.Ialsogotoelementaryschoolsforthedeafandtalktothe studentsaboutmotivationandbelievinginthemselves.I ’mbigontalkingtotheparents.Itellthem, “Myadvicetoyouisletyourkidschasetheirdreams.I ’madeafDJ,sowhynot?”Whichofthefollowingmightresultintheauthor ’shearingloss?A.Monthlyearinfection.B.MovingtotheU.S.C.FamilyfinancialhardshipD.Thedoctors ’prediction.HowdidDJShifteehelptheauthorduringhisyouth?A.Hetaughthimcorrectskills.B.HediscoveredhistalentforDJ.C.Heplayedattherestaurantforhim.D.Hecultivatedhistasteforforeignmusic.TheunderlinedexpressioninParagraph3 “thenamestuck”probablymeansthat A.theauthorwasinlowspiritsB.theauthorimpressedpeopledeeplyC.theaudiencefeltdisappointedbytheplayerD.theaudiencelookeddownupontheplayerWecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthorlovesdeejayingbecause .workingasaDJinvolvesinnovationmusichelpshimtoseetheworldvirtuallyhemotivatesthekidstorealizetheirdreamhedesirestochallengesomethingimpossible(B)FREEHomeschoolingIfyouarereadingthispageyouarelookingintohomeschooling.YAHOO!Soproudofyoufortakingtheroadlesstraveledforyourkids.It maynotalwaysbeeasy,butitisrewarding!123Home-school4Meisheretohelpyouonyourjourney!We’vegotlotsoftips,resources, andoveramillionpagesofFREEHome-schoolworksheets,gamesandlessonplanstohelpyouprovideasolid,fun,andaffordableeducationforyourkids!Letmewalkyouthroughsomehomeschoolingbasicsandhow123Homeschool4Mecanhelpyouhome-school!WhyHomeschoolingForsomeitisabettereducation,impactofbeingsocializedatschool,passingonyourfaith,spendingmoretimewithyourkids,helpingyourchildwithaspecialneed,makinglearningfun,oranynumberofotherreasons.KeepremindingyourselfWHYyouchoosetohome-schoolandmakethatyourprimaryfocus.HowtoHome-schoolDecidedtoHome-schoolaftermuchcarefulresearchandthought25ReasonsWhyWeLoveHomeschoolingFindoutthelegalrequirementstohome-schoolinyourstate--everystatehasdifferentrequirementsthatyoumustfollowtohome-schoollegally-HomeschoolingLawsinyourStateFollowanyandalllegalrequirements tohome-schoollegally(seeabove)Pickacurriculum-youhavetonsofchoicestofityourfamilyandchildrenHowtoChooseaHome-schoolCurriculumOurCurriculumChoicesPlanyourschoolyear-withanystateregulationsinmind,pickwhenyourschoolwillstartend,takebreaks,whatdaysoftheweekyouwillmeetandforhowlong,andwhatpaceyouneedtogothroughyourcurriculumtofinishinayear.UsetheseFreeHome-schoolFormstoorganizeyouryearHowtoHome-schoolin15HoursaWeekDon'tHome-schoolalone!Justbecuaseyouaren'tsendingyourkidstopublicorprivateschooldoesn'tmeantheywon'tbewithothersfromoutsideyourfamily.GettingSocialinYourHome-schoolStartteachingyourchild-Yourtaughtyourchildhowtousethebathroomandputontheirshoes.Youcandothis!Justdivein!Okay,sothatwassupersimplified,Iknow!Butreallythatisallyouneedtostartwith.Makesuretoreadthelinksaboveformoreinformationoneachpoint.HowtoStartHomeschoolingMakeHome-schoolFUNandAffordable!Thisiswhere123Homeschool4Mcomesin!Momleaveslittletimetothinkoffun,creativeeducationalactivitiesthatmakeconceptsstick.Plusthecosttobuycoolgamesandadditionalworksheetsforeverylittleskillcanbeunacceptable!We’vegotyoucovered!Thissiteisfilledwiththousandsofcreativeideasand1,000,000+FREEeducationalprint-ablestomakelearningfun!Accordingtotheabovematerial,123Homeschool4Meisprobably .A.awebsiteB.acounselor C.amagazineD.anadvertisementWhichofthefollowingmightbeareasonforparentstochoosehomeschooling?A.Restoringthechild’sfaith.B.Gettingsocialinthehome-schoolC.Challengingtheroadlesstraveled.D.Tailoringthecoursestokids ’needs.123Homeschool4Meislikelytobequiteappealingtothereadersdueto .simplifiedlessonplansandfunactivitiesinterestinggamesandaffordableworksheetsfreeteachingresourcesandpracticalsuggestionsdetailedcurriculumplansandfreehomeschooling(C)ChangingtheGameOnawarmSeptembereveninginLondon,TheArchclimbingwall,justsouthoftheRiverThames,ispacked.Scoresofpeoplewanderaroundonthethickcrashpads,chatting,waitingtheirturnandofferingtheoddshoutofencouragementtothoseclingingontothecolourfulclimbingwalls.Rockclimbingwasonceclassifiedasan“extremesport”.ButindoorcentreslikeTheArch,whichofferclimbingwithouttheneedforrocks,arebringingitintothemainstream.TheBritishMountaineering Councilestimatesthereareatleast248publicclimbingwallsinBritain,anumberthathasrisenby30%since2010.In2020thesport’sgoverningbodiesarehopingtoseeanevenbiggerincreaseininterest.Alongwithskateboarding,surfingandkarate(空手道) ,rockclimbingwillbemakingitsfirstappearanceasanOlympicsportatthesummergamesinTokyo.TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)isfrankabouttheambitiontoappealtoayoungercrowdwhomaybelessfamiliarwithlonger-standing sportssuchasathleticsandweightlifting.ThecrowdattheArchisexactlywhattheIOChasinmind:mostlyyoungprofessionallettingoffsteamafterwork,whoseeclimbingasamoreengaginganssociablealternativetojoggingonrunningmachinesorpumpingironinagym.Betweenthem,thenewsportswillmeananother18eventsand474athletesattheTokyogames.Officially,allfoursportsaredelightedwiththeirnewstatus.Butwiththeexceptionofkarate,allofthemhavecounter-cultural,anti-establishmentroots.SomestarshavewonderedwhetheracceptingtheOlympictorchmeansgoingagainsttheirbeliefs.OwenWright,afamoussurfer,hassaidthatsurfingismoreartformthansport,andthereforenotsuitableforthegames-thoughhehassincegonebackonhisword,andhopestorepresentAustraliainTokyo.AdamOndra,aCzechwhoisoneoftheworld’sclimbers,saidhemightsteerclearofthegamesbecauseoftheformat.TheeventualOlympicchampionwillhavetomasterallthethreedisciplinesincludingbouldering(climbingwithoutarope,lowtotheground,withafocusonhard,gymnasticmoves),leadclimbing(ropedclimbingupatallwallofincreasingdifficulty)andspeedclimbing.Boulderingandleadclimbingfeaturenewroutesineachstageofacompetition,inanefforttoimitatethevarietyofrealrock.Butspeedclimbingtakesplaceonastandard,unvaryingcourse.Becauseofthis,saidMr.Ondra,“speedisakindofartificialdiscipline...andthisisagainstthesoulofclimbing. ”Skateboarders,alsonotablyrebellious,canbestrikinglyyoung.SkyBrownissettobecomeBritain’syoungestOlympianandhassettleddowntotraining.BythetimeoftheTokyogames,shewillhaveturned12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutrockclimbing ？ItoriginatedinTheArch,asportscentreontheRiverThames.Ithasevolvedfromamainstreamsportintoanextremesport.Spectator’sencouragementcontributestoitsrapidexpansion.Theincreaseinclimbingwallsreflectsagrowinginterestinit.IOCintroducedrockclimbingintotheOlympicsinorderto familiarizetheglobalpopulationwiththenewsportattractyoungpeoplewholackinterestintraditionalsportsenabletheyoungtoletofftheirenergyafterworkchallengethedominantstatusoftraditionalsportsWhatcanyouinferfromthestarathletes ’responsesaccordingtothepassage?SurfersareexpectedtostrikeabalancebetweenartandsportintheOlympics.Rockclimbersmustbeself-disciplinediftheyaretowinthechampionship.Adambelievesthatthesoulofclimbingconsistsinitsharmonywithnature.Strikinglyyoungskateboardershaveanadvantageoverotheropponents.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?WiththeadditionofnewOlympicssports,starsaredividedonwhethertoparticipate.Rockclimbing,skateboard,surfingandkarateareacceptedasOlympicssports.ExtremesportsathletesrebelagainsttraditionswhiletrainingfortheOlympics.Theappealofanewsporteventconsistsischangingforformatofthisgame.SectionCDirections: Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Itallgoesbacktoeachcountry 'sdistinctculturalheritage.Americanstoriesarerootedinrealism;evenourfantasiesarerootedinrealism.Bothboysarecharacterizedbytheiruniqueroles,thusbreathinglifeintothefancystories.Meanwhile,theUnitedStates,alsoamajorplayerinchildren'sclassics,dealsmuchlessinmagic.Britain'stime-honoredcountryside,withancientcastlesandrestfulfarms,lendsitselftofairy-taleinvention.Bothorphanstookovertheworldofchildren'sliterature,buttheirstoriesunfoldinnoticeabledifferentways.HowtheBritishandAmericanTellChildren 'sStoriesIfHarryPotterandHuckleberryFinnwereeachtorepresentBritishversusAmericanchildren'sliterature,acurioussituationwouldemerge:Inaliterarycompetitionfortheheartsandmindsofchildren,oneisawizard （巫师）-in-trainingataboardingschoolintheScottishHighlands,whiletheotherisabarefootboydriftingdowntheMississippi,botheredbycheats,slavehunters,andthieves.Onedefeatsevilwithamagicstick,theothertakestoaraft（筏）torightasocialwrong.67ThesmallislandofGreatBritainisanunquestionablypowerhouseofchildren'sbestsellers:AliceinWonderland,HarryPotter,andTheLion,theWitch,andtheWardrobe.Significantly,allarefantasies.68StorieslikeTheCalloftheWild.Charlotte'sWeb,LittleWomen,andtheAdventuresofTomSawyeraremorenotablefortheirrealisticportraitsofday-to-daylifeinthetownsandfarmlandsonthegrowingfrontier.IfBritishchildrengatheredinthedimlightofthekitchenfireplacetohearstoriesaboutmagicswordsandtalkingbears,Americanchildrensatattheirmother’skneelisteningtaleswithmoralmessagesaboutaworldwherelifewashard,obedienceemphasized,andChristianmoralityvalued.Eachstylehasitsvirtues,buttheBritishapproachundoubtedlycreatesthekindsofstoriesthatappealtothefurthestreachesofchildren’simagination. 69 Forone,theBritishhavealwaysbeenintouchwiththeirpagan （异教徒的）folktraditionsandstories,saysMariaTatar,aHarvardprofessorofchildren ’sliterature.Afterall,thecountry’sveryoriginstoryisaboutayoungkingtutoredbyawizard.Legendshavealwaysbeenacceptedashistory,fromMerlintoMacbeth.“EvenastheBritishwerediggingintothesemagicalworlds,Americans,muchmorerealistic,alwaysviewedtheirsoilassomethingtoexploit,”saysTatar.Americanwritefantasiestoo,butnothingliketheBritish,saysJerryGriswold,aSanDiegoStateUniversityprofessorofchildren ’sliterature.Hesaid,“ 70 ”Toproveit,hementionedDorothy,theheroineofWizardofOz（绿野仙踪） whounmasksthegreatandpowerfulWizardasacheat.Meanwhile,Americanfantasiesdifferinanotherway:Theyusuallyendwithamorallessonlearned-forexample,inOz,Dorothy’sjourneyendswiththerealization:“There’snoplacelikehome.”SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.Britain’sBusesareGettingEmptierInBritain,busesaccountformorepublic-transporttripsthantrains,tubesandtramsputtogether.Peoplelovethem,intheory:onepollbyTransportFocus,aconsumergroup,foundthat74%ofyoungpeoplethinktheyareagoodwayofgettingaroundand85%believeitisimportantforaplacetohaveagoodbusservice.Thereisjustoneproblem.Inpractice,Britionsaretakingbuseslessandless.WhyareLondonbusesemptier?Onethingthathaschangedisyoungpeople ’sbehavior.Theyoungareheavybususerswhentheytravel.But,increasingly,theydonottravel.AccordingtoTransportforLondon,theaverage17-to24-year-oldtook2.3transporttripsperdayintheyear2011-12butonly1.7in2018-19.TheNationalTravelSurveyconfirmsthatnogrouphascutbackharderontravelsincetheearly2000sthanteenagers.Youngpeoplearemorediligentthesedays,andstayinschoolforlonger.Theycandothethingsthatyoungpeoplelovetodoontheirphones,withoutgoingout.Theotherbigbususersarethepoorandtheold,especiallyoutsideLondon,butbothareturningawayfrombusestocars.Lowerlendingstandardshavemadecarseasiertoacquire;afuel-taxfreezeandfuel-savingenginesmakethemcheapertorun.Carsareevermorecomfortableandeasiertooperate,withparking-assisttechnologyandlane-driftingalertstohelpstarters.OutsideLondon,theaveragefreebuspasswasused90timesintheyear2010-11butonly74timesin2018-19,accordingtotheDepartmentforTransport.Finallythereisthegigeconomy(零工经济) .OnlineshoppingandUberprobablysubstituteofbustripsaswellasprivatecarjourneys.Andtheyputnewvehiclesontheroads,whichslowseverythingdown.Thenumberoflight-goodsvehiclesinLondonhasrisenby28%since2012.TonyTraversoftheLondonSchoolofEconomicspointsoutthatbusspeedshavefallenslightlyinthecapital,eventhoughprivatecarshavealmostbeenclearedupfromthecitycenter.TheaverageLondonbusnowtravelsat9.3milesperhour.Justaspeoplebecomelessinclinedtorunafterbuses,theyarebecomingeasiertocatch.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.该论文声称，独处能够让我们更好地进行自我反思。 (It...)地方政府应当采取什么样的措施来维持物价的稳定呢？ (measure)即将拍摄一部影片，致敬这些无私奉献的义务工作者。 (honor)互联网教育资源丰富，爱学习的人可以获得各种免费课程，足不出户、学遍天下。 (So...)

VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.的调查，调查结果如图所示。A.直播课并且有师生互动 B.录播课并且之后有师生互动时间录播课且之后也无师生互动时间的调查，调查结果如图所示。A.直播课并且有师生互动 B.录播课并且之后有师生互动时间录播课且之后也无师生互动时间录播课：prerecordedlessonC.直播课但无师生互动 D.你可能会用到的词汇：直播课：livestreaminglesson请你根据该图标写篇作文，你的文中需包含以下信息:.简要描述该图标;.谈谈你的看法浦东新区2019学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷听力文字题及答案I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.M:I’llhavethesteak.Andabottleofredwine.W:Yes,andI’llhavefishwithboiledpotatoes.Andpleaseseethatitisn'tovercooked.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zQ:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace? (B)W:Howlongwillittakeyoutofixmysmartphone?M:I’llcallyouwhenit’sready.Butitshouldn’ttakelongerthanaweek.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers? (D)W:John,doyouwanttoworkoutinthegymwithmetoday?M:Sure,butIcan’tleavenow.Ihaveanappointmentwithmyprofessorat4o ’clock.Q:Whycan’tJohngotothegymnow?(B)M:Isthiscafereallyasgoodaspeoplesay?W:Itusedtobeevenbetter.Q:How'sthecaf&(A)W:WhatIaminterestedinistolivelongenoughtoseetheworldbecomeabetterplacetolive.M:Well,ifyourgoalislonglife,thenthecheeseburgerinyourhandisastepinthewrongdirection.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?(D)M:Isthatnice-lookingstrawhatlightandstrong?W:Yes,youcanwearitrainorshine.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?(D)W:YourbrotherJack’scookinghisowndinner.Hewantstotakecareofhimselflikeanadult.M:Iplanonputtingthatoffforaslongaspossible.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheman?(A)W:AreyouinterestedinapplyingtoasafetyschoolincaseyoudonHarvardUniversity?M:Safetyschool?YouQ:Whatdoesthemanimply?(B)W:Didyoucookthedishasinstructedinthecookbook?M:Ifthere hineat,itQ:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?(D)M:SoPeterW:Whenhaveyouknownmetoturndownafreemeal?Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?(B)SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedsomequestionsonthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foodiscreatedinvariousways,sometimesbyaccidentorbyexperimentation.Herehowafunproductwasinvented.In1930,RuthandKennethWakefieldopenedarestaurantonanoldroadbetweenBostonandCapeCodinMassachusetts.TheynamedittheTollHouseInn.Ruthwasanexpertcook,andtheinnbecamefamousforitsdesserts.ManysourcesclaimRuthinventedherchocolatechipcookiebyaccident.Butsheoftenexperimentedwithrecipestopleaseherguests.Onetime,shedecidedtoaddchocolatetoherpopularbuttercookies.ShetoldaBostonnewspaperreporterthatshewasdeliberatelybrokeasemi-sweetchocolatebarintosmallpiecesandmixedthemwithegg,milkandflour.Whenshetookthecookiesfromtheoven,thechocolatehadn ’tmeltedintotheflourmixture.GuestslovedRuthTherecipesoonappearedinaBostonnewspaper.Ruthaddedittothe1938editionofhercookbook.TherecipecalledfortwoNestl esemi-sweetchocolatebarstobecutinpiecesthesizeofapeaThecookiesbecamesopopularthatNestl ssalesincreasedgreatly.Thecompanybegancarvinglinesintoitschocolatebarstomakethemeasiertobreak.ItevenprintedRuthrecipeonthewrapper.Later,Nestlecreatedthesemi-sweetchocolatechip.Therecipestillappearsoneverybag.Accidentornot,RuthWakefieldcreatedAmericaQuestions:WheredidRuthinventthechocolatecookie?HowwasRuthWhatdidRuthdotoherrecipeforchocolatecookies?11-13BADQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewstudysaysuptoone-halfoftheworldsandybeachescoulddisappearby2100becauseofclimatechange.Australia,Canada,Chile,Mexico,ChinaandtheUnitedStateswouldbeamongthehardesthit,theresearchshows.ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChange.MichalisVousdoukaswastheleadinvestigator.areaswhichhavesandybeachesastheirmainsellingpointwillprobablyfacestrongconsequences,Asidefromeconomicvalue,beachesplayanimportantenvironmentalrole.beachesareimportanthabitatssupportingawiderangeofspecies.Theyalsoprotectthecoastfromtheeffectsofstorms,sowithoutsandybeachesotherinlandenvironmentscanbeaffectedbytheeffectsofwavesandsaltwaterintrusion,Vousdoukasadded.Globalsealevelshaveincreasedinrecentdecades.Majorcausesincludemeltingice.Andwaterexpandsasitwarms.Researchersexaminedsatelliteimagesshowingshorelinechangesduringthepastthirtyyears.Theythenusedthesetrendsintwodifferentclimatechangesituations.Onesituationpredictedasmallreductioningreenhousegasemissions.Theothersituationpredictedhighgreenhousegasemissions.Greenhousegasemissionshavealinktoclimatechange.By2050,theresearchersprojectedbeachlossesofbetween13and15percent.By2100,theprojectedlossesarefrom35to49.5percent.Australiawouldlosemoresandyshorelinethananyothercountry,with14,849kilometersprojectedtobegoneby2100.Canadaissecondinprojectedlosses.TheUnitedStatescouldloseupto5,530kilometers.Questions:Whyaresandybeachesimportanttotheenvironment?Whichcountrywillsufferthemostaccordingtotheresearch?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?14-16AACQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingdialogue.M:Hi,Mary.IhavenW:Hello,Ken.I’vebeenonabusinesstripinMadrid,whereIhadaconferenceonbehalfofourcompanyM:Buttheconferencewasoveraweekago.Whatkeptyouthereallthistime?W:Becauseofthevolcano,Ken.DonM:Whatvolcano?W:TheoneinIceland,whicheruptedandproducedanenormouscloudofash.M:Really?Ididn’tknow.ButitwasthevolcanoinsteadofyouthatwasinIceland.Howcomethevolcaniceruptionthereaffectedthetransportationsyste