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并列句、Therebe
句型Howmanyapplesarethere
onthetree?Therearetwentyapplesonthetree.Howmanyapplesarethere
onthetreenow?Therearethirteenapplesonthetreenow.概念结构用法Therebe句型表示“存在…”“有”,其中be动词有时态和单复数变化。Therebe+主语(人或物名词)+地点therethere是个近视眼。
Thereisacatunderthetree.Therearetwodogsunderthetree.Thereisacatandtwodogsunderthetree.Therearetwodogsandacatunderthetree.Therebe有特点,主语放在be后面,单数主语用is,复数主语要用are。变否定很简单,be后要把not添。变疑问也不难,把be提到there前。否定疑问any换,就近原则多多练。Therebe口诀
教室里有很多桌子和凳子。Therearesomedesksandchairsintheclassroom.
运动场上有很多学生在打篮球。Therearemanystudentsplayingontheplayground.
椅子下有个美女躺着。Thereisabeautylyingunderthechair.
昨晚,中山路有两个人挨打了。ThereweretwomenbeateninZhongshanroadlastnight.语法大练兵连词简单句:只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的结构,而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示。复合句:复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语。主句是复合句的主体,可以单独存在;从句常常需要有个连词来引导,用来说明主句,不能单独存在。爸爸给我买了一件礼物,我非常喜欢。Myfatherboughtmeapresent,andIlikeitverymuch.他不仅会说英语,而且会说法语。HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.她既会弹钢琴,又会弹吉他。Shecanplayboththepianoandtheguitar.我没看过那部电影她也没看过。NeitherInorshehasseenthefilm.表示顺延、并列关系的连词及并列句。并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句and,both…and…,aswellas…,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…Icanswimaswellasmybrother.表示转折关系的连词及并列句but,yet“然而”,while“而”,however“然而”露西喜欢红色,然而莉莉喜欢白色。LucylikesredwhileLilylikeswhite.他们又一样,又不一样。Theyarethesame,yetnotthesame.我想帮你,可是我真的不知道该做些什么。Iwanttohelpyou,butreallydon’tknowwhattodo.开始她不想去,但后来她改变了主意。Atfirstshedidn’twanttogo.Later,however,shechangedhermind.Tonyisacleverboy,______heusuallyfailsinChineseexams.A.soB.butC.or--Wastheboysaved?--No,Thedoctorstriedtheirbest,____theyfailed.A.andB.soC.but表示选择关系的连词及并列句or…,either…or…,ratherthan不是汤姆就是我受责备。TomorIamtobeblamed.努力学习,否则你考试就会失败。Studyhard,oryou’llfailtheexam.你可以待在家,也可以去钓鱼。Youcaneitherstayathomeorgofishing.我们应该植树而不是砍树。Weshouldplanttreesratherthancutdowntrees.表示因果关系的连词及并列句so,for,because,as,since,therefore…
早晨到了,因为鸟叫了。Itismorning,forthebirdsaresinging.天色不早了,所以我就回家了。Itwaslate,soIwenthome.我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多作业要做。Ihavetostayuplate,forIhavelotsofhomeworktodo.状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等,状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句等。时间状语从句When/while/as,before,after,since,not…until,assoonas当我妈妈进来的时候,我正在写作业。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercamein.直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。Hedidnotgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.等他讲话一停,我们就去喝点咖啡。Assoonashestopstalking,let’sgetsomecoffee.1.while,when,as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如:As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecar.2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如:Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。例如:Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。例如:Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry.Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent.5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如:Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.6)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。例如:WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.2.当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句,表示将来的意义时,从句用一般现在时,简称“主将从现”。我一到北京就给你打。I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoBeijing.3.until/till引导的时间状语从句①主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式,表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。我会一直等到你来看我。
I’llwaitforyoutillyoucometoseeme.②主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成not…until,有时不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表否定意义的词。我直到完成作业才去睡觉。Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.Since引导的时间状语从句,表示“自……以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。结构为:Ithasbeen…since+从句/itis…since+从句从肇庆学院毕业以后,我就一直在这所学校工作IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIgraduatedfromZhaoqingUniversity.我学英语10年了。Itis10yearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如果明天不下雨,我将去长城。I’llvisittheGreatWallifitdoesn’traintomorrow.2.“祈使句+and/or引导的结果状语从句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。动一下脑子,你会找到方法的。Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.原因状语从句通常用because,since,as引导。这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题用because回答。Because,since,as,for这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别。1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:Istayedathomebecauseitrained.---Whyaren’tyougoing?---BecauseIdon’twantto.2)如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:Ashewasn’tready,weleftwithouthim.SinceIhavenomoney,Ican’tbuyanyfood.3)for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如:Idecidedtostopandhavelunch----forIwasfeelingquitehungry.1.引导目的状语从句的连词有sothat,inorderthat等,谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。他必须早点起床,以便赶上第一班车。Hemustgetupearlysothathecancatchthefirstbus.2.当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用soasto,inorderto.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.由so…that,such…that引导的结果状语从句。1)so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such...that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:I’msotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时,用so,不用such。例如:Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.让步状语从句Though/although(尽管、虽然),evenif(即使),whatever(无论什么),wherever,whenever.无论你去哪,我都跟着你。Whereveryougo,Iwillgowithyou.无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。Wheneveryoucome,Iwillwaitforyou.1.不仅他,我也是一个学生。_______he_______I___astudent.2.如果明天不下雨,我们就去野餐。
If____________tomorrow,we___goto______________.3.他和他父母都不打算下午去购物。_____he_____hisparents__________goshopping4.他太年轻了还不能去上学。Heis_______young______gotoschool.5.我一完成工作就去钓鱼。I______gofishing___________Ifinishmywork.Notonlybutalsoamitdoesn’trainwillhave
a
picnicwillassoonastootoNeithernoraregoingto一、单句填空:用适当的连词填空。并列句1.Ithoughtyou’dbelatefortheconcert,______weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.(湖南)2.Standoverthere______you’llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.(全国Ⅱ)3.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,______hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.(山东)4.Theartistwasbornpoor,______poorheremainedallhislife.(重庆)but
and
for
and
5.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoney_________menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.(四川)6.Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,______youwon’tpassthecourse.(北京)7.Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe,northewaytheyappeartobe,______thewaytheyactuallyare.(湖南)while
or
but
8.Betweenthetwogenerations,itisoftennottheirage,______theireducationthatcausesmisunderstanding.(全国I)9.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal
_________afamiliarvoicecametohisears.(辽宁)10.IgrewupinAfrica_______atleastIshouldsaythatIspentmuchofthefirsttenyearsofmylifethere.(辽宁)
but
when
or
名词性从句11.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_________theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.(北京)12.__________wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.(山东)13.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.(浙江)what
What
what
14.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea________thepartyistobeheld?(陕西)15.Thenews______ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.(上海)16.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas______wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.(天津)17.____________wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江)where
that
when
Whoever
18.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.(湖南)19.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake______itis.(天津)20.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s_________thebestjobsare.(浙江)
that
how
where
定语从句21.TheScienceMuseum,_________wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.(江苏)22.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,___________usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.(浙江)23.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,_________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.(安徽)which
which
where
24.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostof_________arebeyondourcontrol.(湖南)25.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsof_______weremadeofsmalldiamonds.(陕西)26.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,__________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(全国Ⅱ)27.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof________arehealthy.(北京)28.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithanykids.(山东)which
which
which
whom
when
29.TheywillflytoWashington,________theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(重庆)30.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(江西)31.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_________welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.(福建)32.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer__________shehadtodecidewhattodo.(江西)
where
where
where
where
33.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__________sight(看到)mattersmorethanhearing.(天津)34.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherof_________wantedtobuyit.(安徽)35.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof__________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(四川)
where
whom
which
状语从句36.Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch______shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.(福建)37.I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime__________Briangetsback.(北京)38.TheresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime______wemeetthemagain.(安徽)39.--DidyoureturnFred’scall?--Ididn’tneedto__________I’llseehimtomorrow.(北京)
when
before
before
because
40.--Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?--Herushedoutoftheroom__________Icouldsayaword.(四川)41.“Youcan’thavethisfootballback__________youpromisenottokickitatmycatagain,”theoldmansaidfirmly.(广东)42.You’dbetternotleavethemedicine_________kidscangetatit.(山东)43.Intimeofseriousaccidents,__________weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.(重庆)before
until
where
if
44.Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp____________thereishumansuffering.(江西)45.Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree________youneedmorespaceforbaggage.(全国Ⅱ)46.______hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.(全国II)47.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterview___________youhaveconfidence.(福建)
wherever
unless
If
once/if
48.Hisplanwassuchagoodone__________weallagreedtoacceptit.(陕西)49.______________________________theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkit’sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.(湖南)50.Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,even_____________theyknewittobevaluable.(浙江)51._____________hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.(辽宁)that
Although/Though/While
though/if
However
52.Thelawyerrare
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