世纪商务英语外贸英语实务答案解析

--PAGE25-/23Unit1FInternationaltradeisonlytheexchangeofgoodsbetweennations.TCountriestradewitheachotherpartlybecauseofcostadvantages.TTrademeanscountriescanprovideawidervarietyofproductsfortheirconsumersTInternationaltradecangreatlyexpandthemarket,whichenablesthesupplierstoadvantageofeconomiesofscale.TExchangeratefluctuationsmaycreatemanyproblemsforinternationaltrade.ExchangeratefluctuationsmaycreatemanyproblemsforinternationaltradeTStillinsomecases,politicalreasonscanoutweigheconomicconsiderationscountries.TWhenweprovideshippinginsuranceserviceforforeigners,itcanbeseenasanexampleofinvisibletrade.F Tradesurplusmeansthataimportsexceeditsexports.TTariffandquotasaretheexamplesoftradebarriers.TAdutyleviedonaspecificshipmentcanbeanimport,aprotectiveandapounddutythesametime. isthereasonwhyinternationaltradefirstbegan.a.Unevendistributionresourcesc.Economicbenefitb.Patternofdemandd.parativeadvantageIfonecountryconcentratesontheproductionofthegoodsinwhichithasaparativeadvantage,andproducesmorethanitcanuse,thenitwillsellthelefttoothercountries.reasonforinternationaltradeiscalled .a.economiesofscalec.specializationb.varietyofstyled.patternsofdemandTheproductioncostwilldecreaseifthegoodsareproducedonalargescale.Thisiscalled .a.economiesofscalec.specializationb.varietyofstyled.patternsofdemandThefollowingsarethespecialproblemsforinternationaltradeexceptfor .usingforeignlanguagesandforeigncurrencyc.havingrisks b.underforeignlaws,customsandregulationsd.numerousculturaldifferences referstoanexchangeofservices,labororothernon-physicalgoodsbetweencountries.a.Invisibletradec.Internationaltradeb.Visibletraded.BalanceoftradeInvisibletradeconsistsofthefollowingitemsexceptfor .ductexchangeacrossnationalborders isthedifferencebetweenthevalueofthegoodsandservicesthatacountryexportsandthevalueofthegoodsandservicesthatita.Tradebalancec.Tradedeficitb.Tradesurplusd.TradebarrierEachcountryhastoearn topayforimports.a.moneyc.cash b.foreignexchanged.currency iscollectedaccordingtophysicalquantity.a.Revenuetariffc.Specificdutyb.Protectiontariffd.AlternativedutyWhichisnottheexampleoftradebarriers? a.Tariffsc.Importduties Quotasd.Inetaxinternationaltradeparativeadvantageeconomiesofscaleeconomicgrowthforeigncurrencyvisibletradeinvisibletradebalanceoftradetradesurplustradedeficittradebarrier.non-tariffbarrierrevenuetariffrevenuetariffimportdutyexportdutyspecificdutyAdvaloremdutyimportlicensequota翻译Internationaltrade,alsoknownasworldtrade,foreigntradeoroverseastrade,isexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweencountries.国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。Trademayoccurbecauseofeconomiesofscale,thatis,thecostadvantagesoflarge-scaleproduction.贸易可能源于规模经济，即大规模生产带来的成本优势。Visibletradereferstoexportsandimportsofgoods,whileinvisibletradereferstoexchangeofservices,labororothernon-physicalgoodsbetweencountries.有形贸易即产品的进出口，而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。Ifacountry’sexportsexceeditsimports,ithasatradesurplusandthetradebalanceissaidtobepositive.Ifimportsexceedexports,thecountryhasatradedeficitanditstradebalancesaidtobenegative.称为入超。Atariffisataxleviedonamoditywhenitcrossestheboundaryofacustomsareausuallycoincideswiththeareaofacountry.关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税，关境通常就是国境。Aquotaisalimitationinvalueorinphysicalterms,imposedonimportandexportcertaingoodsforacertainperiodoftime.配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。(governmentintervention)。VariousformsoftradebarriersarelargelyderivedfromgovernmentChina’seconomicgrowthhasbeentremendousinrecentyearsanditstradestructurecorrespondinglyundergoneconsiderabletransformation.Themajordifficultiesininternationaltradetodayarethenon-tariffbarrierslikequotaandexportcontrols.Mosttradeagreementstodayaremultilateralratherthanbilateral.Unit2T1.Atermfordefiningoneparticulargradeofqualityinonecountrymayhavequitedifferentmeaninginanothercountry.T2.Inthecaseofsalebybuyer’ssampleorsalebyseller’ssample,thequalityofthemoditiesshouldbestrictlythesameaswhatofthesample.Otherwise,itshouldbestipulatedinthecontractclearly.F3.Thegradesofthesameproductarealwaysthesameindifferentcountries.F4.Ininternationaltrade,onlytheMetricSystemisallowedtoindicatethequantityofT5.Differentwaysofmeasurementsuchasbyweight,bylength,byarea,byvolumeandbycapacitymaybeusedfordifferentproducts.F6.Inreality,thequantityofgoodsshippedmustbeexactlythesamewiththatstipulatedthecontract.T7.Packingshouldbedesignedaccordingtotheneedofthecargo.F8.Generallyspeaking,morepackingisrequiredforcontainerizedconsignments.T9.Markingofgoodscanfacilitateloading,unloading,transit,storage,inspectionandavoidwrongshipment.T10.Nos.1-150intheshippingmarkmeansthatthereare150packagesofgoodsandthispackageisthefirstone.Thesamplemadebytheselleraccordingtotheandthensenttoandconfirmedthebuyeriscalledd.countersample areusuallysoldbytrademarkorbrandname? a.ManufacturedgoodssteadyqualityThemethodsmonlyusedtoexpressthequalityincludethefollowingsexceptfor .a.salebysampleb.salebymaterialsc.salebydescriptiond.salebytrademarkorbrandnameIninternationaltrade,thegoodsthataredemandedonspecialshapeorthecharacteristicscolorandtasteshouldbesold .a.bysampleb.byspecificationc.bygraded.bynameoforiginQualitystandardofFAQisusuallyusedinthetradeof .ductsb.woodc.aquaticproductsd.manufacturedgoodsIfthereisaqualitytoleranceclauseinacontract,withintherangeofthetolerance,thebuyer .a.mustacceptthegoodsb.canrefusethegoodsc.candemandpricetobeadjustedQualitylatitudecanbestipulatedinthecontractinthefollowingwaysexceptfor .a.tostipulateacertainscopeb.tostipulatemoreorlessclausec.tostipulate“max”ord.tostipulateatoleranceApanyexports50tonsofwheat,buttheexporterdeliverstheextra2tons.IfthereisnootherregulationonquantityintheL/C,thentheimportershould . a.accepttonsb.refusetotake52tonsc.acceptextra1tond.refusetoacceptextra2tonsThemoreorlessclauseisnormallyusedfor .a.bulkgoodsb.packedunitsindividualitemsd.containerizedgoodsThefollowingsarethetypicalexamplesofindicativemarksexceptfor .Handlewithcareb.Inflammablec.Keepuprightd.Keepindryplacedescriptionofmodity对等样品 countersampleduplicatesampleoriginalsample/referencesamplesalebyspecificationsFAQGMQ品牌 brandtrademark品质公差 qualitytolerancequalitylatitudequantity计量单位 unitofmeasurementmetrictonmoreorlessclause包装 packingcarton/shippingmarkindicativemarks警告性标志 warningmarksInordertotaketheinitiative,thesellermayreproducethebuyessample,andsendittothebuyerasatypesample.Afterthebuyerconfirmsthissample,salebysampleischangedintosalebythecountersample.为了采取主动，卖方可根据买方样品加工出类似样品交买方确认。买方确认后，凭买方样品买卖变为凭卖方对等样品买卖。FAQmeansaquantityofaproductthatisofferednotonaparticularqualitybutonthebasisthatisequaltotheaveragequalityofthecurrentgrouporrecentshipment.础提供的一批货物。Tolerancemeansthepermissiblerangewithinwhichthequalitysuppliedbythesellerbeeithersuperiororinferiortothequalitystipulatedinthecontract.公差指卖方交货品质优于或劣于合同规定质量的许可X围。Itisverydifficulttomeasureaccuratelysomeagriculturalandmineralproductslikecorn,wheat,coal,etc.,thena“moreorlessalsocalled“plusorminusmaybeusedtoallowsometoleranceinthequantity.款以允许数量差额。Unlessthereisastipulationthatthequantityofthegoodsmustnotbeexceededorreduced,orthegoodsaretobecalculatedbynumberofpackage,5%moreorlessofthegoodsinquantityshouldbeaccepted.如果未规定商品质量不能增加或者减少，则可有5%的增减幅度。Packingshouldbedesignedaccordingtotheneedofthecargo.Bulkcargoesrequirepacking.Generalmerchandisesrequireadequatepackingofvarioustypes.包装应按货物的需要来设计。散装货几乎不用包装，大路货需要不同类型的合适包装。我方对产品质量很满意，想知道它们是怎么包装的。Weappreciatethequalityofyourproductsbutwouldliketoknowhowtheyarepacked.豆子是以散装或尼龙袋供应的。Thebeansaresuppliedinbulkoringunnybags.我方采用纸箱而非木箱，因为纸箱同样适用于海上运输，但成本更少，重量更轻。Wehavenowadoptedcartonpackinginsteadofwoodencasesastheformerisjustasseaworthyasthelatterwhilethecostislessandtheweightlighter.33024罐装一纸箱。PacktheCocoColaZerointinsof330mleach,24tinstoacarton.Unit3T1.Aunitpriceconsistsoffourparts:currencyunit,unitpricefigure,measuringpriceterms.F2.Bothmoneyofaccountandmoneyofpaymentmustbestipulatedinthecontractclearly.T3.ThefluctuationsofexchangeratesmayinfluencetheinterestsoftradersT.4.Generally,thepriceofaforeignexchangeisexpressedinanothercurrency.T5.Generallyspeaking,theexporterlikestousehardcurrencyaspaymentcurrency.T6.missionreferstoservicefees,whilediscountisacertainpercentofpricereduction.F7.missionanddiscountmustbestipulatedinthepriceclauseinacontract.T8.Accordingtowhetherthepriceincludesmissionornot,thepricecanbedividedintonetpriceandmission-includedprice.T9.Discountisusuallyusedasameansofpromotingandexpandingsales.T10.“USD200.00perM/TCIFC2%London”meansthatthesellerwillreceive200.00USdollarsforpermetricton.Totalcostofexportingincludes .ductioncost,allchargeandtaxesbeforeexportingWhichoneisthebestexpressionofunitpriceininternationaltrade? a.CIFLONDONUS$1010/MTb.USD1,010.00/MTc.CIFLONDONUSD1,010.00/MTd.LONDON$1,010.00Thesellerreducesthepricebyacertainpercentageoftheoriginalpriceforthebuyer,stosay,thesellerdoesproperfavorinpriceforthebuyer.Thefavoriscalled.a.missionb.discountc.advancepaymentd.depositWhilechoosingthemoneyforthepaymentininternationaltrade,oneshould.choosehardmoneyb.choosesoftmoneyc.choosesoftmoneyforexportandhardmoneyforimportd.choosehardmoneyforexportandsoftmoneywhenimportIninternationaltrade,themethodofcalculatingplainmissionis .dividedboneminusmissionrat）d.mission-includedpricedividedrate）

oneminusmissionIninternationaltrade,themissionisusuallycollectedby .a.theexportertheimporterc.theinsurancepanyd.theintermediaryWhichoneisthepriceincludingmission?FOBCWhichoneofthefollowingquotationisimproper?

a.FOBSb.FOBTc.FOBST d.a.FOBQINGDAOUSD10.00/PCb.CIFLIVERPOOLGBP125.00/MTc.FOBSHANGHAI$15.25/PCd.JINANUSD2.00/KGThefollowingsareincludedinCFRandCPTpricesexpectfor .fitIftheunitpriceclauseisstipulatedas“USD200.00permetrictonCIFLondonless3%discount”,thesellerwillreceive USdollarsforonemetricton.a.200.00 194.00c.206.00d.196.00unitpricetotalamountEUR/EuroGBPpricetermmoney/currencyofaccountmoney/currencyofpaymenthomecurrency硬(通hardcurrency软通)softcurrencyexchangerateexchangeprovisoclauseintermediaryplainmissioncashdiscountquantitydiscountAunitpriceconsistsoffourparts:currencyunit,unitpricefigure,measuringunitandterms.单价由四部分组成：计价货币、单位价格金额、计量单位和价格术语。某理工大学出版社InISO4217CurrencyCodeList,thecurrencycodeisposedofthetwocharacterInternetcountrycodeplusanextracharactertodenotethecurrencyunit.4217价单位的另一个字母组成。Totalamountequalstotheunitpricemultipliedbythequantityofthegoods.ItisoftenshowninthecontractnotonlyinArabicnumbersbutalsoinEnglishwords.总值等于单价乘以商品的数量。合同中的总值不止用阿拉伯数字表示，还用英某理工大学出版社文字表示。Theoretically,useofhardcurrencyaspaymentcurrencyismorefavorabletotheexporter,whiletheimporterpreferstopayinsoftcurrency.理论上来说，以硬通货币作为支付货币对出口商来说更有利，而进口商更愿意用软货币。Foreignexchangerateisthepricerelationshipbetweenthecurrenciesoftwocountriesthepriceofonecurrencyintermsoftheother.汇率就是两国货币间的价格关系或一种货币相对于另一种货币的价格。某理工大学出版社Plainmissionisoftenrepresentedbyacapitalletter“C”followedapercentageofmissionrate,whichisinsertedintothepriceterm,forexampl,USD200.00perM/TCIFC2%London.明佣通常用大写字母“C”加上佣金的百分率，嵌入价格术语中来表示，如“CIF伦敦价每公吨200美元含2%佣金。”该报盘以我方最终确认为准。Theofferissubjecttoourfinalconfirmation.你方如果不把价格降到市场价格水平就没有希望做成买卖。Itwillbehopelesstogetthebusinessifyoudon’tbringyourpriceintolinewiththemarket.CIF3%佣金在内。liketohaveyourmostfavorableCIFLondonprice,including3%mission.10.价格是某工厂交货价每公吨300英镑。ThepriceisGBP300permetrictonEXWShanghai.Unit4(F)1.AllinternationalbusinesstransactionsaredoneunderIncoterms2010.(T)2.Tradetermscanbecalledpricetermsbecausetheystandforthepriceponent.(T)3.EXWinIncoterms2010isthetradetermunderwhichtheobligationsandcostsbyandrisksofthesellerareminimum.(F)4.UnderFCAinIncoterms2010,theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsistransferredfromthesellertothebuyeratthetimethebuyeracceptsthegoods.(T)5.Generallyspeaking,underFOBinIncoterms2010,itistheseller’sresponsibilityapplyfortheexportlicenseandpaytheexportduty.(F)6.UnderFOBSanFrancisco,SanFranciscoistheportofdestination.(F)7.DATandDAPrequirethesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.(T)8.Thebuyerhasmoreresponsibilities,costsandriskswhenusingFOBthanusing(T)9.UnderCPTTokyo,Tokyoistheplaceofdelivery.(T)10.TheDDPshouldnotbeusedifthesellerisunabletoobtainimportlicensedirectlyindirectly.Thetradetermsdefinetheresponsibilitiesandexpensesof .a.boththeandthebuyerc.boththeshipperandcarrierb.boththeconsigneeandtheconsignord.boththesellerandtheoperator meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportreadyforunloadingatthenamedplaceofCPTc.DATb.DDPd.DAPUnder ,theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsarealongsidetheship,andthebuyerbearsallcostsfromthatmomentonwards.a.DATc.FOBb.FASd.CIF meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered,andhemustcontractfortransportandinsurance.a.FASc.CFRFOBd.CIFInsuchcircumstanceswheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal, shouldbeused.a.FCAc.CPTb.FOBd.DATThebuyershouldnotethatunder thesellerisrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonlyonminimumcover.a.EXWc.CIPb.FOBd.DDP maybeusedforanymodeormodesoftransport.a.FCACPTDAPc.FASCIFb.FCAFOBEXWd.FCACFRDAT canonlybeusedforwaterwaytransport.a.CIFCIPDATc.CPTCIFFOBCFRCPTDAPd.CIFCFRFOBUnder ,thesellerfulfilsitsobligationtodeliverwhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.a.CFRCIFDATc.CIPFCAb.FCAFASFOBd.DATDAPDDP requiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexportandimport,applicable.a.EXWc.DAPb.DDPd.CPTTradeterms,alsocalledpricetermsordeliveryterms,areanimportantpartofaunitininternationaltrade,standingforspecificresponsibilitiesandobligationsofboththebuyerandtheseller.贸易术语，又称价格术语或交货术语，是国际贸易中单价条款的重要组成部分，代表买卖双方各自特定的责任和义务。FCArequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.FCA要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。UnderCPT,thesellermustcontractforandpaythecostsofcarriagenecessarytobringgoodstothenamedplaceofdestination.CPT下，卖方必须订立运输合同，自付费用将货物运至指定的目的地。UnderCIP,theselleralsocontractsforinsurancecoveragainstthesriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.CIP下，卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。WhenCPT,CIP,CFRorCIFareused,thesellerfulfilsitsobligationtodeliverwhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.CPT,CIP,CFRCIF货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。用。Thesellermustpay,whereapplicable,thecostsofcustomsformalitiesnecessaryforaswellasallduties,taxesandotherchargespayableuponexport.CFRCPT则适于任何运输方式。CFRisonlyappliedtoseaandinlandwaterwaytransportwhileCPTmaybeusedforanymodeoftransport.卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票。Thesellermustprovidethegoodsandthemercialinvoiceinconformitywiththecontractsale.自卖方交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。Thebuyerbearsallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimethegoodshavedelivered.FOB（中间销售商）设法获取按该种交付方式交付的货物。FOBmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyerthenamedportofshipmentorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Unit5T1.Seatransportisthemostimportantmodeoftransportininternationaltradenow.T2.Thefreightoflinersisrelativelyfixed,whilethefreightoftrampsismainlydeterminedthemarket.F3.Multimodaltransportmeansthegoodsarecarriedbyatleasttwomodesoftransportatleasttwomultimodaltransportoperators.F4.Timeofshipmentinacontractcanonlybeafixedperiodoftime.F5.Ifoptionalplacesofdestinationarestipulatedinthecontract,theextrafreightselectingplaceofdestinationmustbepaidbytheimporter.T6.Partialshipmentmeansthatthegoodsunderonecontractareshippedindifferenttermsbydifferentlots.T7.Incaseitwasstipulatedinthecontractthat“shipmentismadeduringJulyandAugust”,onelotofthegoodsmustbeshippedinJulywhileanotherinAugust.F8.Ifthereisnodirectsailtothedestination,atransshipmentclauseshallbestipulatedincontract.T9.Transshipmentmayincreasethecostofshipmentandthepossibilityofdelayindelivery.T10.ThenoticeofshipmentunderCFRisveryimportant,becausethebuyerwilltakeoutinsuranceuponreceiptofthenotice.Thecharacteristicsoflinertransportarethat . a.theline,theport,thetimeandthefreightratearefixedb.itsfreightisdeterminedbythemarketc.thevarietyquantityofgoodsshippedaremoreflexibled.theobligationsandrightsofboththesellerandthebuyerarestipulatedintheB/L transportisamajormodeoftransportintermsofcapacity,onlysecondseatransport.a.Roadb.Airc.Containerd.Railtransporthasahighdistributiveabilityofofferingadoor-to-doorservice.a.Airb.Roadc.Sead.InlandwaterwayIncontainertransportsituation,theshippingpanycansupply“doortodoor”serviceundertheconditionof .a.FCL/FCLb.FCL/LCLc.LCL/FCLd.LCL/LCLTheoperatorwhosignsthemultimodaltransportdocuments .a.isonlyresponsibleforthefirststageofthetransportationb.mustberesponsibleforthewholetransportationc.isnotresponsiblefortransportationd.isonlyresponsibleforthelaststagethetransportationWhichstipulationofthedateofshipmentisoftenusedinacontract? a.onespecificdayb.withinseveraldaysafterthesellerreceivestheL/Cmptshipmentd.shipmentassoonaspossibleWhichofthefollowingisrightaboutthestipulationoftheplaceofdestinationclausesintheinternationaltradecontract? a.Tostipulatetheplaceofdestinationroughly.Onlyoneplaceofdestinationcanbestipulatedinthecontract.c.Tostipulatetwoplacesdestination.d.Morethanoneplaceofdestinationcanbecontractedincaseitisdifficulttodecideit.Thesellerusuallysendsthe tothebuyerimmediatelyafterthegoodsloadedonboardtheship,advisinghimoftheshipment.a.shippingadviceb.shippinginstructionsc.shippingdated.shippingportPartialshipmentmaybenecessarywhen .a.directlinersarenotavailableb.theamountofthecargoisverysmallc.theshippingdateisveryclosed.theexportcoverslargeamountofgoodsTransshipmentmaybenecessarywhen .a.directlinersarenotavailabletheamountofthecargoisverysmallc.theshippingdateisveryclosed.theexportcoversalargeamountofgoodsmodeoftransportlinertrampvoyagechartertimecharterrailtransportcontainertransportFCL/fullcontainerloadLCL/lessthancontainerloadCFS/containerfreightstationCYmultimodaltransportshippercarriertimeofshipmentportofshipmentportofdestinationshippingnotice/advicepartialshipmenttransshipmentAlineroperatesoveraregularroute,stopsatfixedportsaccordingtoanadvertisedschedule.Itsfreightisrelativelyfixedwithloadingandunloadingchargesincluded.的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务。Multimodaltransportmeansthecarriageofcargoesbyatleasttwomodesoftransportonthebasisofamultimodaltransportcontractandonlyonemultimodaltransportoperator(MTO)isresponsiblefortakingthecargoesfromtheconsignoranddeliveringthem toconsignee.这是指在一份多式联运合同下，采用两种或两种以上运输方式，由一个多式联运经营人负责将货物从发货人运至收货人的运输方式。Therearebasicallytwowaystosettimeofshipment:OneistoclearlyspecifyaperiodtimeandtheotheristocreatealinkbetweenthetimeofshipmentandthetimeofreceiptofL/C,M/T,T/TorD/D.在FOB或CFR或CIF合同下，装运港通常由卖方提出，在得到买方确定后，在合同中做出规定同中做出规定。Partialshipment,alsocalledshipmentoninstallments,meansthatthegoodsonecontractareshippedindifferenttermsorbydifferentlots.分批装运又被称为分期装运，是指一个合同项下的货物分若干期或若干批装运。Thesellershallnotifythebuyerinashippingnoticethecontractnumber,nameofmodity,quantity,nameofvessel,dateofshipment,etc.immediatelyaftereffectingshipmentsothatthebuyercanmakepreparationforreceivingthegoodsattheplaceofdestination.卖方应在装运通知，通知买方合同号，商品名称，数量，船名，装运日期，装运等后运等后，买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备。买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备Wehavereceivednoticethatdeliveryhastobeputofftoearlynextmonth.CIF“”Asarule,westipulate“ChinaPort”astheportofloading,soitwillbeconvenienttoshipthegoodsatanearport.我方可以把货物从某经某转运到大阪。WecanhavethegoodsshippedfromShantoutoOsakaviaHongKong,wheretheycanbetransshipped.“463”Asthecontractprovided,goodsarerequestedtobeshippedinthreeequalmonthlyinstallmentsdaringApriltoJune,eachformsaseparatecontract.5ItwillreachyourportofdestinationinearlyMay.Weshallgiveyouacalltoletyouknow.Unit6F1.Cargotransportinsuranceistoprotecttheinterestsoftradersfromanypossiblefinanciallosses.T2.Goodsmaymeettwotypesofrisksduringtransitinoceantransport:perilsoftheseaextraneousrisks.T3.Whenthecostofsalvagingtheconsignmentwouldexceedthevalueoftheconsignmentsoundcondition,andtheconsignmentisreasonablyabandoned,weconsideritasconstructivetotalloss.T4.Sueandlaborexpensesarisefrommeasuresproperlytakenbytheinsuredandhisagentforminimizingoravoidinglossescausedbytheriskscoveredintheinsurancepolicy.T5.FPAcoverscontributiontogeneralaverageandsalvagecharges.T6.WPAisawidercoverthanFPA.F7.Ininternationaltrade,ifAllRiskswascovered,anylosscausedbyanyreasononthecanbepensatedbyinsurancepany.F8.Theadditionalcoveragecanbetakenoutseparately.F9.Itisthebestwaytochoosealargeinsurancecoverage.T10.Whenanumberofconsignmentsofsimilarexportgoodsareintendedtobecovered,openpolicyisabettermethod. isthepracticeofsharingamongmanypersonsrisksthatwouldotherwisesufferedbyonlyafew.a.Tradeb.Transportationc.Insuranced.DescriptionThelossesdonetothegoodsinmarinetransportationcanbeclassifiedintotwotypes,namely .a.actualtotallossandconstructivetotal lossb.generalaverageandparticularaveragec.basiclossandadditionalloss d.totallossandpartiallossInthemarinecargoinsurancepractice,generalaverageis .a.akindpartiallossb.akindoftotallossc.partiallossortotallossdecidedbythetimed.constructivetotallossTheexportricecannotbeusedforitsoriginalfunctionbecauseofitshavingbeensoakedbytheseawaterforalongtimeowingtotheaccident.Asaresult,thegoodshavetobesoldatalowerpriceatthedestination.Thelosshereinisa/an .a.particularb.generalaveragec.actualtotalLossd.constructivetotallossWPAwascoveredforexportgoods,andpartoftheinsuredgoodsweredamagedbecauseoftsunamiontheway,thentheinsurancepanyshould .a.pensateforthelotb.pensateforthepartdamagedc.pensatefornoned.pensateforalltheexportinggoodsExportclothesaresoakedheavilybecauseoftheship’shittingthesubmergedreefinthesea,ifthecostdealtwiththedamageandsentthegoodstothedestinationismorethanthevalueinsured,andthegoodswereabandoned,thenthelosscanberegardedas .generalaverageb.actualtotallossc.constructivetotallossd.particularaverageThedealwasconcludedonaCIFbasisandthegoodswerecoveredagainstWPA.Ithappensthatthegoodshavebeenburntbecauseofthefireafterbeingloaded,then.a.thelossisduetothesellerb.theselleraskstheinsurancepanyforpensationc.thebuyerasksinsurancepanyforpensationd.thelossisduetothepartywhopaysthefreightParticularadditionalcoverageasperCIC .a.canbecoveredaloneb.can’tcoveredalonec.canbecoveredalonewhenmorethantwoofthemarecoveredd.canbecoveredalonewhenonlyoneoftheinsuredappliesforinsuranceUnderCIC,generaladditionalrisksincludethefollowingexceptfor .a.ofShortageb.TPNDc.FailuretoDeliveryd.RiskofOdorBasiccoverageofmarinecargoinsuranceunderCICincludesthefollowingexceptfor .a.FPAb.WarRiskc.WPAd.AllRisksinsurer投保人insured保（险）premiuminsuredamounttotallosspartiallossgeneralaverageparticularaveragesueandlaborexpensessalvagecharge/XinsurancecoverageFPAWPAAllRisksWarRiskinsurancepolicyinsurancecertificate/openpolicybinedcertificateendorsementCargotransportinsuranceisacontractwherebytheinsurer,onthebasisofpremiumundertakestoindemnifytheinsuredagainstlosses.货物保险即承保人在获得保险费的情况下对所保货物承担损失的补偿的契约。Thelossescanfallintototallossandpartialloss.Totallossofgoodscanfurtherbedividedintoactualtotallossandconstructivetotalloss.Partiallosscanbeeithergeneralaverageorparticularaverage损失可以分为两种：全部损失和部分损失。全部损失可以进一步分为实际全损和推定全损。部分损失可分为共同海损和单独海损。Generalaverageisinusewhenboththeshipandthegoodsonboardareendangeredandthecaptain,forthesafetyoftheshipandthegoodsonboard,intentionallyandreasonablydoessomesacrificesormakessomeexpenses.Particularaveragemeansthataparticularconsignmentispartiallydamaged.当船只和船上货物受到威胁时，船长为了维护船只以及船上货物的安全，故意合理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用，即为共同海损。即为共同海损Itshouldbenotedthat“AllRisks”doesnot,asitsnamesuggests,reallycoveraexcludescoverageagainstdamagecausedbywar,strikes,riots,etc.应该指出的是一切险并非如其名所示，真的包括一切风险。一切险条款不包括由战争、罢工、动乱等造成的损坏。Openpolicyisaconvenientmethodforinsuringthegoodswhereanumberconsignmentsofsimilarexportgoodsareintendedtobecovered.预约保单是对一系列准备投保的相似货物进行投保的简便方法。投保一切险。Insuranceistobecoveredbythesellerfor115%oftheinvoicevalue.我公司将按买方要求为这批货投保水渍险。We’llcoverthegoodsagainstWPAasrequiredbythebuyer.我认为偷窃提货不着险已包含在贵公司的CIF报价中IthinkTPNDisincludedinyourCIFquotation.WeagreetoaddthecoverageofBreakageRisk,butitspremiumshouldbebornebyyourpany.请根据中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物保险条款按发票金额的120%水渍险。Insuranceistobecoveredfor120%oftheinvoicevalueagainstWPAasperofthePeople'sInsurancepanyofChina.Unit7T1.Therearethreepartiesinvolvedinadraft,whiletwopartiesinapromissorynoteF2.Thepayeeandthedrawerofadraftusedininternationaltrademustbethesameperson,thatis,exporter.T3.Acheckcanbeseenasaspecialdraft.T4.Remittanceinvolvesfourpartiestogether.T5.AnL/Cisaconditionalbankundertakingofpayment,andreferstobanker’scredit.F6.AnL/CisirrevocableifitdoesnotstipulatewhetheritisirrevocableorrevocableaccordingtoUCP600.T7.TheexporterprefersaconfirmedL/CtoanunconfirmedL/C.F8.UnderD/A,itisthebankinexporter’scountrywhomakesacceptancetothedraftanddeliversdocumentstotheimporter.T9.InthecaseofD/P,documentswillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentT10.Astotheexporter,theriskofD/A60daysaftersightisgreaterthanD/P60daysaftersight.Thereisadraftwhosedraweranddraweearebothbankers.Whichoneisitinthefollowings?a.mercialdraft.b.Banker’sdraft.c.Cleandraft.d.Documentarydraft.Therearethreepartiestoadraft.Whichoneisnotincluded?a.Drawer.b.Drawee.c.Payee.d.Bank.ACheckisakindof drawnonabanker. missorynoted.timepromissorynoteWhichoneofthefollowingisnotthemeansofremittance?a.b.M/T.c.T/T.d.D/D.Whichmeansofinternationalpaymentisakindofbankerscredit?a.Remittance.b.Collection.c.L/C.d.D/D.WhichL/Cmeansdoubleguaranteeforthebeneficiary?gya.RevocableL/C.DocumentaryL/C.c.Confirmedd.TransferableL/C.AstoconfirmedL/C,thepaymentresponsibilityofconfirmingbankis primaryb.secondaryc.thirdd.fourthThemostimportantdocumentindocumentarycollectionis a.mercialinvoiceb.certificateoforiginc.billofexchanged.certificateofinspectionAstotheexporter,theriskofD/P,D/AandL/Ccanbearranged(fromgreattosmall)asfollowings: .a.D/A,D/P,L/Cb.L/C,D/P,D/Ac.D/P,D/A,L/Cd.D/A,D/PInthefollowingtermsofsettlement,whichisthemostriskyonefortheexporter?a.inadvance. b.D/A.c.D/Patsight.d.D/Paftersight.draft/billofexchangedrawer/drawee/payerpayeecheckpromissorynotetermofpaymentremittance/remitmailtransfer(M/T)telegraphictransfer(T/T)demanddraft(D/D)12不可撤销信用证irrevocableL/CconfirmedL/CsightL/Cusance/t