【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02阅读理解(含解析)_第1页
【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02阅读理解(含解析)_第2页
【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02阅读理解(含解析)_第3页
【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02阅读理解(含解析)_第4页
【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02阅读理解(含解析)_第5页
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【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破

专题02阅读理解上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)For38-year-oldJustinHerald,thejourneytowealthbeganoneSundaymorningatachurchinSydney'snorthwest,whenhewasinvolvedinaquarrelwithamemberofthechurchchoir."Youhaveanattitudeproblem,"shetoldhim.Theaccusationrkedsomethinginhim,andheborrowed$50fromhisbrothertohavefourT-shirtsprintedwiththeslogan:HIdon*thaveanattitudeproblem;youhaveaperceptionproblem.H“Itwasthebest$50Ieverspent,"laughsHerald.Bytheendofthemorning,hehadsoldthreeofthefourT-shirts.Withthemoneyhemade,hehadanothersixprinted,then12,then24."Thatfirstyeartheearningwere$98,0007'hesays.Hisbusiness,AttitudeInc.,isnowamulti-million-dollarcompanywithawiderangeofproductssellingin3,500storesacrossAustralia.Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing-thepubliclovedtheslogan-butalsohehastoadmitthatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitioninhissectoroftheclothingindustry,andhewasintherightplaceattherighttime.Themediaspotlightalsohelped,withpeoplepayingattentiontoHerald*slikeablepersonalityandinfectionspassionfbrhisbusiness:thenightofoneTVappearance,187storesrangtogethisproductsintotheirstores.Heraldsoldthebusinessthreeyearsago,bywhichtimeitwasturningover$30millionayear,andnowspendshistimeasamotivationalspeaker.Hismessage:anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessfuliftheysettheirmindtoit.MYouhavetohavealotofstickability,becausenoteverythingisgoingtoworkthewayyouplanit.”StilllivinginCastleHillwithhiswifeandtwochildren,Heraldbelievestoomanysuccessfulpeoplebecomecaughtupinthetrappingsofwealth."IhavelivedheresinceIleftschoolat16,"hesays.HInthisarea,youdon*tforgetwhereyoucamefrom.”56.WhydoesHeraldthinkitwasthebest$50heeverspent?BecausethatsumofmoneycoveredthecostoffourT-shirtBecausethatsumofmoneyshowedhisaccusationwaswrong.Becausehereceivedthatsumofmoneywhenhewasinneed.Becausehegainedmorethanexpectedfromthatsumofmoney.AccordingtoHerald,thesuccessofhisbusinessresultedfrom.A.goodtimingandcooperation B.businesssenseandluckC.fiercecompetitionandpassion D.familybackgroundandmotivation58Theunderlinedword"stickability”(paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningto.A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune59.Thebesttitlefbrthepassagemightbe —A.AttitudePaysOffB.NoBravery,NoGainsC.StartaBusinessD.NeverTooOldtoChallengeYourself(B)Thesmell,thewarmth,thedistincttaste-agoodcupofcoffeeiswhatgetsusthroughthedayandhelpsustounwindattheendofit.AndinwalksthePodCoffeeMachine.Thisskillfulkitchendeviceisherefbrconvenience.ProsConsUsuallyquitesmall-sizedCheaptobuy—somecostaslittleas£40.Goodfbroccasionalcoffeedrinkers,asthesealedpodskeepcoffeefresh.MoreexpensiveperthinkthanBcan-to-cupcoffeeorbeans.Coffeepodscreatewaste,asmanypodsareplastic.

Toensurethatyougetthebestfixofcaffeine,we'veroundedupalistofwhatweconsiderthebestpodcoffeemachinesinmind.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachineNespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeTwiceasnice!Whetherit'sforaquickcuponthegooracoffeedatewithfriends,thisnotbeveragemakergivesyoutheoptiontoselectasingleservingortobrewupawholepot.Humbleinappearance,thismulti-servepodcoffeemakercomeswithanotheraddedbonus;usetheloosecoffeegroundsoptionifyoupreferabrandthatdoesnotcomeinapod.★★★★☆21,017ratings$104.99$124.87Currentlyunavailable.Wedon'tknowwhenorifthisitemwillbebackinstock.MachineDesignedtoplease,notonlyisthismachinesmallenoughtofitinthesmallestofkitchens,butthe19-barhigh-pressurepumpalsoensuresthateachpodisreleasedtoensuremaster-styleresults.Heatingupinonly25seconds,thissingle-servekitchenbuddywillhaveyourcupofcoffeereadyinlessthan2minutes.★★★613ratings$159.95NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineThisPREMIUMCHOICEmodelisidealforsmallhouseholdswhoenjoynovelcoffeesthatarepreparedinnotimeatall.Oryoucanpreparethecoffeefbrthego.BuyAldicoffeepodstocutthepriceofyourdailybrewandsaveadollar.Andthey'reallcompatible(兼容)withNespressomachines.★★★★★3676ratingsKeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachineIfthestrengthorweaknessofyourcoffeeisoneofyourgreatestconcern,thenthismachinemightcomeinquitehandy.Thesmallerthepot,thestrongerthecoffee.★★★☆2.665ratings$118,26S121.43$149.95Only10leftinstock.Ordersoon.$66,75(6Second-hand)Accordingtothepassage,podcoffeemachinesattractpeople.whowanttobringconveniencetotheirkitchenlifewhoarekeenonthetypicaltasteofBean-to-cupcoffeewhoattachimportancetothelightweightofplasticmachineswhopayattentiontotheircarbonfootprintsontheenvironmentIfthecustomersisexceptionallymindfuloftheprice,whichofthefollowingwillbeagooddeal?A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine.62.isperfectforanextendedfamilywhopreferhigh-qualitycoffee.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachineNespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineNespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachineKeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine(C)Deepbelowtheground,radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules(分子),producingingredientsthatcanfuelsubsurfacelife.Thisprocess,knownasradio-lysis(辐射分解),hassustainedbacteriainisolated,water-filledcracksonEarthfbrmillionstobillionsofyears.NowastudypublishedinAstro-biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartiansubsurface.Duststorms,raysintheuniverseandsolarwindsruintheRedPlanet'ssurface.Butbelow-ground,somelifemightfindrefuge.*'TheenvironmentwiththebestchanceofhabitabilityonMarsisthesubsurface,'*saysJesseTamas,aplanetaryscientistatNASA.ExaminingtheMartinundergroundcouldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.AndthebestsubsurfacesamplesavailabletodayarcMartinmeteorites(陨石)thathavecrash-landedonEarth.Tamasandhiscolleagueevaluatedthemineralmakeupandradio-activeelementabundanceintheMartinsurfaceusingsatelliteandroverdata.Theyinputthesedataintoacomputermodelthatsimulated(模拟)radiolysistoseehowefficientlytheprocesswouldhavegeneratedhydrogengasandotherchemicalingredientsthatcansustaintheundergroundbacteria.Theresearchersreportthatifwaterwaspresent,radiolysisintheMartinsubsurfacecouldhavesustainedlifeforbillionsofyearsandperhapsstillcouldtoday.ScientistspreviouslystudiedMarsradiolysis,butthismarksthefirstestimateusingMartinrockstoquantifytheplanefssubsurfacehabitability.TamasandhiscolleaguesalsoevaluatedthepotentialrichnessoflifeintheMartinundergroundandfoundthatasmanyasamillionbacteriacouldexistinakilogramofrock.Themosthabitablemeteoritesamplesanalysedappearedtobemadeofarocktypecalledregolithbreccia."ThesearethoughttocomefromthesouthernhighlandsofMars,whichisthemostancientareaonMars,**Tamassays.Undergroundlifeasdescribedbythisresearch,wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownifgroundwaterexistsontheplanet,saysLujendraQjha,aplanetaryscientistatRutgersUniversity.DeterminingwhethertheMartinsubsurfacecontainswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep,butthisinvestigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays,HWherethereisgroundwater,therecouldbelife.MScientistsbelievetheMartiansubsurfacemightbehabitableprobablybecause.theMartinsurfaceabsorbsraysintheuniverseradio-lysismayexistintheMartianundergroundradiationcombinesingredientsforsubsurfacelifetosurvivecracksinMartianmeteoritesoverflowwithbacteriaWhafsthepurposeofusingMartianmeteorites?TomeasuretheMartianhabitabilitybelow-groundTosimulatetheprocessofproducinghydrogen.TohelplifefindshelterfromsolarwindsD.Toexplorethesourceofhydrogengas.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast3paragraphs?TamaswasthefirsttostudyMarsradiolysis.TheMartianundergroundprovedtoberichinbacteria.ThesouthernhighlandsofMarsarcthemosthabitable.Theexistenceofgroundwateriskeytotheinvestigationfindings.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.thereasonfornolifeontheMartiansurfacethesourceofdataforthestudyofMartianhabitabilitythepossibilityofMarssustaininglifethroughradiationtherichnessofradioactiveelementsbelowtheMartiansurface上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷(A)Atthe4thStreetPhotoGalleryonthecomeroftheBowcry,manyphotosarestrungtogetherlikeclothesonalaundryline.ThereareportraitsofMuhammadAliandJean-MichelBasquiat,plusaseriesofcityscapesdetailedlycapturedover60yearsbyAlexHarsley,aneglectedbuttalentedNewYorkphotographer.ThecityhasbeenMrHarsley*shomesince1948,when,agedten,hemovedtherefromSouthCarolina.Hetookhisfirstphotographtenyearslater,andbecamethefirstblackphotographertoworkforthecity*sdistrictattorney'soffice.Hisvividpicturesfkeez。momentsinNewYork'sevolutionf?omthe1950stothepresent,4itcouldstartwiththesmellofsomethingburning/*hesaysofhismethod."Andthenyouseeafamilysittingonthestepsofafuneralhomesadlylookingatthefiremengoingthroughtheirroutine/'SomeofthescenesinthecollectionwerecapturedfromthewindowofhisoldapartmentinHarlem;theyincludeimagesofblackactivists,streetssubmergedinsnowandshotsoftheCrownHeightsriotsof1991.A.D.Coleman,aphotographycritic,saysMr.Harsleyhasbeenabletocapturethelivesofminoritygroupsbymakinghimself“invisible”.Hisaimhasbeentoassemblethesefragments(片段)intoanextendedhistoryofthecity.Mr.Harsley^galleryisatimecapsule.Fordecades,itisalsoahubforthecity*sartisticunderworld.Inthe1970sNewYork'sphotographyscenewasflourishing,butexclusive.AsMr.Harsleyputsit,“anumberofgreatartistsweresweptaside”becausetheylackedconnections.Helpingtalentbecamepartofhismission.In1971heestablishedTheMinorityPhotographers,anorganizationthathelpsup-and-comingartistsexhibittheirwork.Heopenedhisgallerytwoyearslater;manyphotographershavehadtheirfirstshowsthere.HowdoestheauthordescribeAlexHarsleyinthefirstparagraph?A.undervaluedbutexpert B.giftedbutexclusiveC.unknownbutdevoted D.giftedbutawkwardWhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?HispicturesshowfreezingweatherinNewYorkfromthe1950stothepresent.HispicturescapturethecheerfulmomentsinNewYorksincethe1950s.HispicturesrecordsomehistoricoccasionsofNewYorkoverthepastdecades.HispicturesillustratethevividlivesofminoritygroupsinNewYorkoverthepastdecades.WhydoesMr.Harsleymakehimself"invisible',?Toassembletheminoritygroupsofthecity.Tohighlightthelivesofminoritygroups.Tohelppromisingartistsattractmorepublicattention.Tobuildconnectionsbetweentheminoritygroupsandhimself.HowdidMr.Harsleyhelptheotherartists?Heexcludedthosewholookeddownupontheunknownartists.Hesetanorganizationdisplayingtheirworks.

Heestablishedtheconnectionsbetweenup-and-comingartistsandfamousones.Hereducedtherentsofthegallerywheretheirphotographyworkswereshown.(B)TROlBLESHOOTI'GForpossiblemalfunctionsasdescribedbelow,pleasecontactCustomerServicesat1-800-2020-123PROBLEMPOSSIBLECAUSESOLUTIONThecoffeeisnothot.,Thecupswerenotpreheated.,Warmthecupsbyrinsingthemwithhotwater(N.B.youcanusethehotwaterfunction).Coffeedoesnotcomeoutofthespouts.•Thespoutsareblocked.•Cleanthespoutswithatoothpick.Thecoffeedoesnotcomeoutofthespouts,butfromaroundtheservicedoor.,Theholesinthespoutsarecloggedwithdrycoffeedust.,Thecoffeeguideinsidetheservicedoorisblockedandcannotswing.•Cleanthespoutswithatoothpick,spongeorhardbristledkitchenbrush.•Thoroughlycleanthecoffeeguide,particularlynearthehinges.Thefrothedmilkhaslargebubbles.,Themilkisnotcoldenoughorisnotsemi-skimmed.,Youshouldideallyuseskimmedorsemi-skimmedmilkatrefrigeratortemperature(about5℃).Iftheresultisnotasyouwished,trychangingbrandofmilk.Themilkisnotfrothed(起泡).•Cappuccinomakerdirty.,Cleanasdescribedinthesection“Cleaningthecappuccinomakerafteruse”.Steamdeliverystops,Asafetydevicestopssteamdeliveryafter3minutes.•Wait,thenactivatethesteamfunctionagain.Theappliancedoesnotcomeon.Itisnotpluggedintothemainssocket.Themainswitch(A2)isnotturnedon.PlugintothemainssocketPlacethemainswitchintheIposition.Iftheappliancedoesn*twork,whichofthefollowingmaybethecause?Ithasbeenusedfbrmanyyears.Itisnotpluggedintothesocket.Itstemperatureistoohigh.Itsspoutsareblocked.Accordingtothetable,whichofthefollowingistrue?AIfcoffeetastebitter,youmayaddsomemilkandsugar.BIfcoffeeisdeliveredtooslowly,youmaywaitandactivatethefunctionagain.coffeedoesn'tcomeoutofspouts,youmaycheckthemwithatoothpick.Ifmilkisnotfrothed,youmayusesemi-skimmedmilk.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?Acoffeebeanpackage.Acappuccinocoffeemachinebooklet.Acappuccinocoffeemachineadvertisement.Acoffeemachinequalityreport.(C)Thateasternersandwesternersthinkindifferentwaysisnotmereprejudice.ManypsychologicalstudiesconductedoverthepasttwodecadessuggestWesternershaveamoreindividualistic,analyticandabstractmentallifethandoEastAsians.Severalhypotheses(假设)havebeenputforwardtoexplainthis.One,thatmodernizationpromotesindividualism,fhllsatthefirsthurdle:Japan,anultra-modemcountrywhosepeoplehaveretainedacollectiveoutlook.Asecond,thatahigherrateofinfectiousdiseaseinaplacemakescontactwithstrangersmoredangerous,andcausesgroupstoturninward,ishardlybetter.Europehashaditsshareofplagues;probablymorethaneitherJapanorKorea.ThatledThomasTalheimoftheUniversityofVirginiaandhiscolleaguestolookintoathirdsuggestion:thatthecrucialdifferenceisagricultural.ThebasicWestcropiswheat;theEasfsrice.Beforethemechanizationofagricultureafarmerwhogrewricehadtospendtwiceasmanyhoursdoingsoasonewhogrewwheat.Toorganizelabourefficiently,especiallyattimesofplantingandharvesting,rice-growingsocietiesasfarapartasIndia,MalaysiaandJapanalldevelopco-operativelabourexchangeswhichletneighborsstaggertheirfarms*schedulesinordertoassisteachotherduringthesecrucialperiods.Since,untilrecentlyalmosteveryonealivewasafarmer,itisareasonablehypothesisthatsuchacollectiveoutlookwoulddominateasociet/scultureandbehaviour,andmightprovesodeep-rootedthatevennow,whenmostpeoplecamtheirlivinginotherways,ithelpstodefinetheirlives.Mr.Talheimrealizedthatthisideaistestable.LargeareasofAsia,particularlyinthenorth,dependnotonrice,butonwheat.That,asheexplainsinapaperinScience,lethimandhisteamputsomefleshonthistheory'sbones.Theteamgatheredalmost1,200volunteersfromalloverAsiaandaskedthemquestionstoassesstheirindividualismorcollectivism.Theanswersborelittlerelationtothewealthofavolunteersplaceoforigin.Therewasastrikingcorrelation,though,withwhetheritwasarice-growingorawheat-growingarea.Thisdifferencewasmarkedevenbetweenpeoplefromneighbouringcountieswithdifferentagriculturaltraditions.Undoubtedly,Talheim'shypothesishaspointedtoadirectionworthfurtherexploration.ViewingthemessagefrommodernizedcountriessuchasJapan,KoreaandSingapore,whichstillholdontocollectivism,perhapswecansay:Asianvalues-withtheirprinciplesofmutualsupportandcollectiveaction-areonly"Asian"becausebackinancienttimes,farmersinmanypartsofthatcontinentfoundriceamoresuitablecroptogrowthanwheat.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichstatementdoesdieauthormostprobablyagreewith?ThefirsthypothesisfailstojustifyJapan*sever-keepingcollectivismaswellasthesecond.TheexposuretoplagueoutbreaksincreasestheprobabilityoftheEuropeanstoturnbacktoindividualism.ModernizedJapanstaysclosetocollectivismasfirmlyasEuropemaintainsindividualisminthetimesofplague.Neithermodernization,aswithEurope,northeonceprevailingplague,aswithJapan,givesanyevidencethatpromotesindividualism.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stagger”probablymean?arrangeeventssothattheydonothappenatthesametimehelpsomethingtodevelopmorestronglybecauseit*sabouttocollapseplanororganizesomethinginadvancetomakeitneatorattractiveoffersomethingtosomebodyandreceivesomethinginreturnMr.TalheimstudiedtheAsianvolunteersgrowingwheatinordertofindout.whethergrowingwheatresultsinmoresharingbehavior.whethergrowingwheatleadstomoreprosperouscommunitywhetherthelocalcropaffectsthelocaleconomypositively.whetherthelocalcropisrelatedtolocalpeople'smentallife.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitlefbrthispassage?Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.Thegrassisgreenerontheotherside.Asyousow,soyouwillreap.Youarewhatyoueat.上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模英语试卷(A)DameZahaHadid,theIraqi-bornBritisharchitectwhosetallstructuresleftamarkonskylinesandimaginationsaroundtheworldandintheprocessreshapedarchitecturefbrthemodemage.Shewasnotanaveragedesigner.Sheliberatedarchitectural (几彳可),givingitawholenewexpressiveidentity.Geometrybecame,inherhands,avehicleforunprecedentedandeyepoppingnewces.Herbuildingselevateduncertaintytoanart,conveyedintheoddways.Herworkimplyingmobility,speed,freedomanduncertaintyspoketoaworldviewwidelysharedbyayoungergeneration."IamnotEuropean,Idon'tdoconventionalworkandIamawoman,“StrikinglyMs.Hadidneverallowedherselfonherworktobecategorizedbyherbackgroundorhergender.Andshewasoneofakind,apathbreaker.In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerPrize,architecture'sNobel.ZahaHadidwasbominBaghdadonOctober31,1950.Thenin1972,shearrivedatthearchitecturalassociationinLondon,acenterforexperimentaldesign.HerteachersincludedEliaZenghelisandRemKoolhaas.uTheyarousedmyambition,Mshewouldrecall,Mandtaughtmetotrustevenmystrangestinstincts?'Bythe1980sshehadestablishedherownpracticeinLondon.Andshebegantodrawattentionwithanunrealizedplanin1982—1983fbrthePeakClub.Herpartner,PatrickSchumacher,playedaninstrumentalandcollaborativeroleinhercareer.Mr.Schumachercoinedthetermparametric()designtoincludethecomputer-basedapproachthathelpedthefirm'smostweirdconceptsbecomereality.Ms.Hadidcalledwhatresultedinanorganiclanguageofarchitecture,basedonthesenewtools,whichallowustocombinehighlycomplexformsintoa加id(流线的)andcompletewhole.Hersourceswerenature,historyorwhatevershesoughtuseful.WhenherRosenthalCenter,arelativelymodestproject,openedin2003,HerbertMuschamp,thearchitecturecriticdeclaredit"themostimportantAmericanbuildingtobecompletedsincetheendofthecoldwar”.“Shewasbiggerthanlife,aforceofnature,MasAmaleAndraos,thedeanofColumbiaUniversity'sarchitectureschool,putit,“shewasapionecr.^^Shewas.Forwomen,forwhatcitiescandesiretobuildandfbrtheartofarchitecture.WhatfeaturesthestructuresdesignedbyZahaHadid?A.Freearchitecturalgeometry. B.Conventionaldesign.C.Oddimagination. D.Colorfulpatterns.AccordingtoParagraphs3and4,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?ZahaHadidtaughtherselftotrustinstincts.TheplanforthePeakClubhasn'tbeencarriedout.Thearchitect'sgenderinfluencedherworkdramatically.ZahaHadidwasthefirstarchitecttowinthePritzkerPrize.Howdidthecomputer-basedapproachmakeadifferencetoZahaHadid'swork?Itcontributestorealizingthestrangeideas.Itsimplifiesthecomplexstructureasawhole.Itprovidesnewtoolstotranslatethelanguage.Itservesasaninstrumenttointerprettheconcepts.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.presentZahaHadid'slifeexperiencepraiseZahaHadid'sinspirationanddiligencecompareZahaHadid'sworksindifferenttimesshowZahaHadid'sgreatcontributionstoarchitecture(B)2020SANFRANCISCO

WRITERSCONFERENCE17thCelebrationofCraft,Commerce&Community

February13-16,2020attheHyattRegencySanFranciscoSpeakers:*WalterMosley*JonathanMaberry*BrookeWarnerPlusauthors,editors,publishers&literaryagentsfromNewYork,L.A.&S.F.BayAreaVisitwww.SFWtogetevent/contest/scholarshipdetails,access

onlineregistrationforthefreeSFWCNewsletter.ConsiderableEarlyDiscountsandSpecialRoomRates!2019SANFRANCISCOWRITINGFORCHANGEAone-dayconferenceforallwriterswhowanttochangetheworldthroughtheirwriting.September14thattheUnitarianCenterDetailsandregistration:www.SFWritingforCSFWC/SanFranciscoWritersFoundationisanonprofitorganizationBehindtheScenesofaWritingConferenceWhenyouattendawritingconference,youseeafacadethattookmonthsorlongertomakeup.Plentyisgoingonbehindthescenes.Let'stakealookbehindthecurtain.Thedaystartslongbeforeattendeeswalkthroughthedoor.Registrationissetup,signspostedandtablesarranged.Logistics(后勤)allfallontheconferenceorganizers.Forexample,theannualconferenceIdirectinSanFrancisco(seetheposterabove)isasimpleone-dayconferencethattakesmorethaneightmonthstoputtogetherandaround15staffandvolunteerstomanage.Largermultidayconferenceshaveevenmoregoingonbehindthescenes.Overseeingitallistheconferencedirector,aconductorwhotypicallyworkswithcommitteedirectorstomakesureeverythingrunssmoothly.Overthecourseoftheconference,staffersmakesureeverythingstaysontrack.It?snotunusualforstafftowalkmilesinadayandgowithoutmeals.Conferencestaffandvolunteersarcalwaysbehindthecurtainsmakingsureyourexperienceisperfect.Thenexttimeyouattendawell-runwritingconference,takeamomenttothankstaffandvolunteersfbrtheirdevotion.Theydeserveallthepraisetheycangetbecausewithoutthem,therewouldbenoconference.Theunderlinedwordfacaderefersto.A.theeffortbehindthescenes B.thescenesvisibletothepublicC.theliterarymasterpieceondisplay D.thematerialdistributedatthemeetingWhat'sthelatesttimetostarttoarrangefortheone-dayconferenceinSanFrancisco?A.July,2019.B.March,209.C.September,2019.D.January,2019.Accordingtothewriter,theattendeesofthe2020SanFranciscoWritersConferenceshouldpraisethe.A.threespeakersB.authorsandeditors C.staffandvolunteersD.corporatesponsors(C)Eachyear,backedupbyagrowinganti-consumeristmovement,peopleareusingtheholidayseasontocallonusalltoshopless.Drivenbyconcernsaboutresourceexhaustion,overrecentyearsenvironmentalistshaveincreasinglyturnedtheirsightsonour“consumerculture”.GroupssuchasTheStoryofStuffandBuyNothingNewDayaregrowingasamovementthatincreasinglyblamesallourillsonourdesiretoshop.Weclearlyhaveagrowingresourceproblem.Theproduceswemake,buy,anduseareoftenlinkedtothedestructionofourwaterways,biodiversity,climateandthelandonwhichmillionsofpeoplelive.ButtoblametheseissuesonChristmasshoppersismisguided,andputsusintheoldtrapofblamingindividualsforwhatisasystematicproblem.WhilewecomplainaboutenvironmentaldestructionoverChristmas,environmentalistsoftenforgetwhattheholidayseasonactuallymeansformanypeople.Formost,Christmasisn'tanadd-ontoanalreadyheavyshoppingyear.Infact,itislikelytheonlytimeofyearmanyhavetheopportunitytospendonfriendsandfamily,orevenjusttobuythenecessitiesneededfbrmodemlife.Thisisparticularly,truefbrBoxingDay,oftenthetargetofthestrongestderisio〃(嘲弄)byanti-consumcrists.Whilewemaylaughatthequeuesinfrontoftheshops,fbrmany,thosesalesprovidetheonechancetobuyitemsthey'veneededallyear.AsLeighPhillipsargues,“thisisoneofthefewtimesoftheyearthatpeoplecanevenhopetoaffordsuch'luxuries',theChristmaspresentstheirkidsareaskingfbr,orjustanappliancethatworks.”Indeed,therichest7%ofpeopleareresponsiblefbr50%ofgreenhousegasemissions.ThisbecomesparticularlyhannfulwhenyoutakeintoaccountthatthoseshoppingonBoxingDayarconlyasmallpartofourconsumption“problem“anyway.Whyareenvironmentalistsattackingtheseindividuals,whileignoringsuchpeopleasRussianbillionaireRomanAbramovich,whohashisown£1.5bnyachtwithamissiledefencesystem?Anyway,anti-consumerismhasbecomeamovementofwealthypeopletalkingdowntotheworkingclassabouttheirlifechoices,whileignoringtherealcauseofourenvironmentalproblems.Itisnowonderoneischangingtheirbehaviours-orthatenvironmentaldestructioncontinueswithoutanyreductioninintensity.Itisindicatedinthelslparagraphthatduringtheholidayseason,manyconsumers.ignoreresourceproblemsarefascinatedwithpresentsareencouragedtospendlessshowgreatinterestinthemovement.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs2and3thattheenvironmentalistmovement.hastargetedthewrongpersonshasachieveditsintendedpurposeshastakenenvironment-friendlymeasureshasbenefitedbothconsumersandproducersTheexampleofRomanAbramovichisusedtoshowenvironmentalists,.madnessaboutlifechoicesdiscontentwithrichlifestyleign

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