Unit 3 Fit for life Extended reading Language points 课件- 高二上学期英语牛津译林版（2020） 选择性必修第二册

1.ThereisevidencethatacupuncturedatesbacktotheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody.有证据表明针刺疗法始于石器时代，当时人们用一种叫做“砭”的石器来按压身体部位。【句式分析】这是一个主从复合句，主句是thereisevidence…,主句里包含了一个that引导的同位语从句。When引导的非限制性定语句，用来解释说明theStoneAge。evidence:n.

factsorsignsthatshowclearlythatsomethingexistsoristrue

证据；证明thatisgiveninacourtoflawinordertoprovethatsomeoneisguiltyornotguilty物证；人证

v.

toshowthatsomethingexistsoristrue证明egThereisconvincingevidencethatsmokingdoesharmtohealth.Herefusedtogiveevidenceatthetrial.他拒绝出庭作证。Thevolcanoisstillactive,asevidencedbytherecenteruption.最近的喷发证明，这座火山依然活跃。【辨析】sign

n.

anevent,factetc.thatshowsthatsomethingis

happeningorthatsomethingistrueorexists迹象，痕迹，

征兆egThecurtainswerestilldrawnandtherewasnosignof

activity.Ascoreof80ormoreisasignthatyouaredoingverywell.(1)evidencefor/ofsth.……的证据

give/show/bearevidenceof…作证

beinevidence显眼；显而易见(2)evident

adj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的

Itisevident(tosb.)that(某人)显然……

evidentin...在某方面显而易见归纳拓展【语境应用】语法填空1)Herefusedtogive__________(evident)atthetrial.2)Itwasevident________methathewasnottellingthetruth.3)Thegrowingpopularityofthesubjectisevident______thenumbersofstudentswantingtostudyit.4)Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy________

children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinue

whentheygrowup.evidencetointhatdatebackto:tohaveexistedsinceaparticulartimeinthepast

orforthelengthoftimementioned=datefromdatefrom和datebackto一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时,常用动词-ing形式。egThistempledatesbacktothe5thcentury.

Thechurchdatesfromthe13thcentury.【拓展】outofdate过时的,陈旧的

uptodate最近的,新式的,现代的

set/fixadate定日期【语境应用】语法填空1)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinfrontofthetower,______________________asearlyas800yearsago.(定语从句)2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinfrontofthetower,____________________asearlyas800yearsago.(动词-ing作状语)3)Allthesetreesareover800yearsold,withsome_______(date)backto1,000yearsago.4)Allthephotographsinthisbook,unlessstatedotherwise,date______the1950s.whichdatesfrom/backtodatingdatingfrom/backtofrom2.Someacupuncturiststodaystillusegoldandsilverneedles,butthemajorityhavenowswitchedtostainlesssteelones.今天，一些针灸师仍然使用金针和银针，但大多数已经改用不锈钢针。switch:v.

tochangefromdoingorusingonethingtodoingorusinganother转换，转变，改变

toreplaceonethingwithanother,orexchangethings交换;调换;转换egIswitchedpocketbookswithmysister.

Heswitchedthelightsfromgreentored.switchon把……打开，接通switchoff把……关掉，关上switchover

转换频道，转变egSheswitchedonalighttoseewhereherpursewas.Glassparkedthecarandswitchedtheengineoff.CouldyouswitchtheTVover?归纳n.

apieceofequipmentthatstartsorstopstheflowof

electricitytoamachine,lightetcwhenyoupushit

开关，电闸

achangefromonethingtoanother转变，改变

eg

Thereisaswitchonthewallforturningonthelights.Hehasmadeaswitchfrompublishingtoteaching.3.Uptonow,morethan360acupuncturepointshavebeenidentified,eachlinkedtoadifferentpartofthebody.到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每一个学位都与身体的不同部位相连。【分析】句中eachlinkedto…是独立主格结构，linkedto…是过去分词短语，其逻辑主语each指代eachacupuncturepoint。如：Simonwassittingonthesofa,hisarmsfoldedacrosshischest.独立主格结构本身不是句子,但在语意上相当于一个句子。独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同,它独立存在。独立主格结构通常在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：

(1)名词/代词+动词-ing/过去分词(动词与名词或代词构成主动关系时,用动词-ing；构成被动关系时,用过去分词)(2)

名词/代词+形容词(3)名词/代词+副词(4)名词/代词+不定式(5)名词/代词+介词短语【语境应用】完成句子。1)有那个男孩带路,我们没费什么气力就找到了村子里的学校。Aboy______________,wehadnotroublefindingtheschoolinthevillage.(lead)2)随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。__________________,thequalityhasbeenimproved.(solve)3)他走进屋来,脸色苍白。Heenteredtheroom,____________.leadingthewayTheproblemssolvedhisfacepale4.Overtheyears,acupuncturehasbeenusedtotreatawidevarietyofhealthproblems,includingseverepains,bloodpressureissues,…多年来，针灸已被用于治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括严重疼痛、血压问题…severeadj.

extremelybadorserious十分严重的；

verydifficultandneedingalotofeffortandskill艰难的;verystrictordisapproving严格的，严厉的【语境应用】翻译下面句子。1)Mygrandmaisaseverewomanwhoseldomsmiles._______________________________________2)Don’tbetooseverewithBrian;heisonlyalittleboy._______________________________________3)Thisisaschoolforchildrenwithseverelearningdifficulties.__________________________________________________________________________________________我的奶奶是一个严厉的人，她很少笑。不要对Brian太严厉了，他只是个小男孩。这是一所专门为学习上有严重困难的孩子们开设的学校。5.…,acupuncturistshavediscoveredthatthetreatmenthelpswithmentalproblemslikedepressionandanxietytoo.针灸师发现，这种疗法也有助于缓解抑郁和焦虑等精神问题。anxietyn.

thefeelingofbeingveryworriedaboutsomething

焦虑，担心

afeelingofwantingtodosomethingverymuch

渴望(anxietytodosth.)egThereis

considerableanxiety

amongstaffaboutjoblosses.

Thereisgrowingpublicanxietyoverlevelsofairpollutioninourcities.Inearlyfellinmyanxietytogetdownstairsquickly.6.Today,acupunctureisrecognizedasasymboloftraditionalChinesecultureandhascomeintowidespreadusearoundtheworld.今天，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并在世界各地广泛使用。symboln.

apictureorshapethathasaparticularmeaningorrepresentsaparticularorganizationoridea象征（常与介词of连用）；

aletter,number,orsignthatrepresentsasound,an

amount,achemicalsubstanceetc符号（常与介词for连用）symbol,sign,mark&signal词义例句symbol作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物Aheartshapeisthesymboloflove.O2isthesymbolforoxygeninchemistry.sign①牌子，指示牌；②（用手、头等的）示意动作；③迹象，征兆。The