高中英语考点精析精练：说明文(完形填空)

命题点5说明文本类考题解答锦囊说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明。说明文往往结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填空中较难把握的一种文体。要做好高考完形填空中的说明文,最重要还是要抓住作者说明的中心是什么,说明文话题呈现的方式比较单一,往往是开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度加以说明另外因为说明丈针对某一个对象从不同的侧面和角度加以说明,每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面,因此大家应注意概括每一段的中心大意。最后,还要注意文章结尾的段落,因为文章结尾的段落,往往对说明的问题进行总的概括。Ⅰ高考最新热门题1(典型例题Adultsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpractisedinthemeantime.Amanwhohasnothadanopportunitytogoswimmingforyearscan1swimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleafterseveraldecadesandstill2away.Amotherwhohasnot3thewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrecitethestoryofCinderellaorSnowWhite.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:4wehavelearnedsomethmg,additlonallearningincreasesthe5oftimewewillrememberit.Ichildhood,weusuallycontinuetopractisesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleridinglongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoand6ourselvesofpoemssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaorSnowWhite.Wenotonlylearnbut7.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习foranexamination,8itmayresultinapassinggrade,iinota9waytolearnaschoolcourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,10isusuallyagoodinvestmenttowardthefuture.1.A.onlyB.hardlyC.stillD.even2.A.moveB.driveC.travelD.ride3.A.thoughtaboutB.caredforC.showedupD.broughtup4.A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless5.3..accuracyB.unitC.limitD.length6.A.remindB.informC.warnD.recall7.A.reciteB.overlearnC.researchD.improve8.A.thoughB.soC.ifD.after9.A.convenientB.demandingC.satisfactoryD.swift10.A.amostB.bythewayC.ontheotherhandD.intheend命题目的与解题技巧:本文是完形填空中的说明题材,考查学生的逻辑能力与对文章的整体把握,此类题材往往是围绕一个问题从不同的侧面加以说明,作者首选列举人们在日常生活中的经验即学会了的东西一般不会忘记,从而引出本文说明的主题“充分学习”,然后再通过日常生活中的现象加以说明,最后强调“充分学习”在人们学习中的作用,比突出学习要好,从而达到了作者说明的“充分学习”lovelearning的作用,做好此类型题的关键是抓住作者要说明的对象,再运用一定的方法进行介绍和说明。1.C解析:根据第一句的意思,多年不游泳仍然游得很好,选still.2.D解析:根据bicycle选ride.3.A解析:从来没有想到过,其他选项都不能和words搭配。4.B解析:overlearn的含义就是一次学会后不断加强记忆,其他不符合题意。5.D解析:时间的长短用thelength。ftime.6.A解析:remlndourselves“提醒自己”;infom通知,warn警告,recall回忆,都不符合题意。8.A解析:根据前后句的not可知虽然突出学习能通过7.B解析:根据第二段第一句的提示可知选overlearn.考试但是不能学好,选thougll9.C解析:satisfactory令人满意的;convenient方便的;demanding过分要求的;swift迅速的。10.C解析:前后是说事物两个方面,选。ntheotherhand.2.(典型例题ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreasesincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathand,vidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorehabiesinthe21stcentury.AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1cashencouragement,somewomenjustdon'twanttobe2holdingthehaby,"Whatweknowisthatit'sgoodfortrhe3ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren,'saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n5dayoffwork.Expertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployers6togiveyoungwomenthepermanentjobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(产假.InJanuary,Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonths'paidleave,withawarning:useitor7it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse."It'snotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace."hesays."Butit'sgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan9arelationship."InNorway,a(n10policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.1.A.inspiteofB.atthecostofC.inadditiontoD.dueto答案:A指导:根据前后意思用inspite。2.A.sentB.leftC.caughtD.seen答案:B指导:妇女不愿怀孕离开工作。3.A.birthrateB.incomeC.healthD.spirit答案:A指导:根据第一段提示用birthrate.4.A.JustasB.OnlyifC.EventhoughD.Nowthat答案:C指导:根据第一段提示用birthrate.5.A.oneB.mereC.onlyD.single答案:D指导:singleday强调连一天都……。6.A.willingB.reluctantC.likelyD.unable答案:B指导:雇主是不愿给用完所有带薪产假的年轻妇女永久的职位,而不是不能或者愿意。7.A.reserveB.misuseC.ignoreD.lose答案:D指导:根据use和or的转折关系,选lose.8.A.discussionB.attackC.controlD.pressure答案:D指导:男人是在压力(pressure下留下工作。9.A.makeoutB.addupC.buildupD.setaside答案:C指导:建立关系用build叩arelationship.10.A.impersonalB.similarC.severeD.global答案:B3.(典型例题Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.1springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe2areaslikethedesert.Thecontrolispossibleevenwithoutpossessionoflargeareasof3land.IntheearlydaysoftheAmericanWest,sunfightswerenot4forthewaterresources(资源,andlawshadtobe5toprotectthewaterrightsofthe6andtheuseofthewaterresourcesaccordingly.7isknowntousall,thereisnot8waterinallplacesforeveryonetouseasmuchashelikes,Decidingonthe9ofwaterthatwillheusedinanyparticularperiod10carefulplanning,sothatpeoplecanmanageandusewatermore11.Farmershavetochangetheiruseofordemandforwater12thewatersupplyforecast(预报.The13watersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe14thanfromthebelow.Interestis15inthewaystoincreaserainfallbyman--mademethods,andtogetwaterfromthewintersnowonmountain16.Withspecialequipment,somescientistsarestudyingthewaysinwhichthemountainsnowcanbe17,andwiththehelpofarepeaterstation,theysendthe18data(数据tothebasestation.Theoperatoratthebasestationcangetthedataatanytimeby19abutton.Inthenearfuture,theforecastanduseofwater20probablydependontheadvanceknowledgeofsnowonmountains,notolwaterunderground.1.A.UsingB.HoldingC.OwningD.Finding答案:C指导:own拥有。从下文可以看出,由于地球上的水源不充足,凡是有水的地方就意味着需要管理。2.A.dryB.distantC.desertedD.wild答案:A指导:根据下文中的thedesert可判断出是干旱地区。3.A.fineB.beautifulC.richD.farming答案:C指导:richland富饶的土地。即使没有大片的富饶的土地也需要管理。4.A.unlawfulB.unacceptableC.unpopularD.uncommon答案:D指导:uncommon罕有的。这是一个双重否定句,表示在早期美国西部的人们经常为了水源发生枪战。5.A.madeB.designedC.readD.written答案:A指导:makelaws制订法律。6.A.winnersB.settlersC.fightersD.supporters答案:B指导:settler移民者。制订法律保护移民者用水的权力和按照规定使用水源。7.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.As答案:D指导:as引导定语从句,意思是"正如……”。8.A.plentifulB.enoughC.anyD.much答案:B指导:根据常识可推断出世界上没有足够的水供人们随便使用。9.A.typeB.qualityamountD.level答案:C指导:theamountofwater水的数量。10.A.requestsB.requiresC.meansD.suggests答案:B指导:require需要。决定任何特殊时期使用的用水量需要仔细计划。11.A.effectivelyB.easilyC.convenientlyD.actively答案:A指导:e“ectively有效地。以便使人们更加有效地用水。12.A.leadingtoB.duetoC.owingtoD.accordingto答案:D指导:accordingto根据。农民必须根据供水预报改变他们的用水量。13.A.correctB.furtherC.averageD.early答案:A指导:thecorrectwatersupplyforecast正确的供水预报。14.A.cloudsB.skyC.airD.above答案:D指导:根据下文中的dependontheadvanceknowledgeofsnowonmountains,notofwaterunderground可确定应选above作为正确答案。theabove指山上的积雪;thebelow指地下水。15.A.raisingB.risingC.buildingD.lasting答案:B指导:rise是不及物动词,人们对人工增雨的兴趣不断增加。raise是及物动词,后面要接宾语。16.A.rocksB.tipsC.topsD.trees答案:C指导:onmountaintops在山顶上。根据常识可知,在冬天,雪会堆积在山顶上。17.A.takencareofB.madeuseofC.piledupD.savedup答案:B指导:makeuseof使用。科学家正在研究使用山上积雪的方法。18.A.pickedB.producedC.usedD.gathered答案:D指导:thegathereddata积累的数据。人们为了利用山上的积雪,需要不断地收集有关数据。19.A.touchingB.knockingC.pressingD.turning答案:C指导:pressabutton按键。操作员通过按键的方法获得数据。20.A.mightB.canC.willD.should答案:C指导:根据时间状语inthefuture可确定要用一般将来时。Ⅱ题点经典类型题1.(典型例题检测Whenyouareswimming,youmayshiverasyoucomeoutofthewater.Thatisspeciallytrueifthereisalightgentle1.Youwrapupinapieceofclothtokeep2.Butstillyoushiver,andyour3knocktogetherbecauseofthecold.Waterischanginginto4fromyourbody,andthe5takesawayheat.Youshiverbecausethe6ofyourbodyaretryingtoproduceheattoputbacktheheatyouare7.Mostbodyheatismade8themuscles.Inthecellsoxygeniscombinedwithcarbo-hydrates(碳水化合物andfats,producing9Animalbodiesinludinghuman's"10"foodjustaswoodisburnedinafire,11theprocessisslowerinthebodytheheatissetoffgradually.12alwaysproduceSometimesmore,sometimes13Whenyouexercise,14moreactiveandsomoreheat.Whenyouarelosingheat15,thebestdoisto16.Ifyoudon't,youwillshiver.Thatistheother17themusclesproduceheat.Anotherwayofsayirthemusclesmoverapidlyandcontinuously18wards.Nexttimeyoushiver,try19abit.You'llaftertwoorthree20theshiveringwilldisappearcankeepnormalbodytemperature.1.A.sunlightB.windC.waterD.heal2.A.coldB.wetC.warmD.dry3.A.handsB.armsC.feetD.teet4.A.airB.steamC.windD.ice5.A.shiveringB.swimmingC.changingD.running6.A.skinsB.musclesC.bonesD.part7.A.gettingB.makingC.producingD.losi8.A.fromB.ofC.inD.intc9.A.energyB.musclesC.bloodD.stea10.A.haveB.needC.liveonD.bur11.A.exceptB.exceptthatC.exceptforD.besides12.A.FoodB.HeatC.FatD.Mu13.A.quickerB.slowerC.greaterD.less14.A.they'reB.you'reC.it'sD.he's15.A.slowlyB.rapidlyC.completelyD.hur16.A.standstillB.sitstraightC.runslowlyD.liedown17.A.timeB.wayC.placeD.rea18.A.backwardsB.forwardsC.upwardsD.downwards19.A,runningB.jumpingC.heatingD.wea20.A.secondsB.minutesC.quartersD.hou答案:1.B解析:当你游泳后从水里出来时,你可能会发抖,如果有一点儿小风尤为如此。2.C解析:裹上一块布来保暖。3.D解析:teethknocktogether是人们冷得发抖时的习惯动作。4.B解析:根据逻辑推理可知。5.C解析:水从你的身体里变成了水蒸气,这种变化带走了身体的热量。6.B7.D解析:你发抖是因为你身体的肌肉在试图产生热量来弥补你:正在失去的热量。8.C解析:这咀的这里的bemadein不是表示产于何处,in表示“住……里”,所以其他选项不符合题意。9.A解析:大部分的身体热量是在肌肉中产生的,在细胞中,氧气与碳水化合物和脂肪相结合,产生能量。10.D解析:动物的身体,包括人的身体,就像木头在火中燃烧一样“燃烧”食物。11.B解析:exceptthat后面接从句。12.D解析:文中已经提过。13.D解析:肌肉产生能量,有时多,有时少。14.A解析:they指muscles.15.B解析:运动时热量消失速度非常快,故选rapidly.16.C解析:当你快速失去热量时,最好的办法就是慢跑。17.B解析:那是肌肉产生热量的另一种办法。18.A解析:backwards和forwards相对。19.A解析:第三段第二句已有提示。20.B解析:两三分钟以后,身体就不会发抖了。Ⅲ新高考命题探究CIoze1MillionsofpeopleinBritainstruggleoutofbedeachmorning,fumble(乱摸intosomeclothes,andmadetheirwaytoacupofcoffeeandthemorningnewspaper.Theyneedsomething1tonanindthemthattherestofthedaywillbe2differentthangettingup.Thisneedmaybethe3thatmanyofthemturntheir4eyestothecartoonssectionofthenewspaperastheysip(呷theirfirstcupsoftheday.Cartoonsreflect(反映thetimesandthetroublesandworriesofpeople.Theygivepeopleanopportunity(机会to5themselvesandatfamiliarsituations.Intimesofprosperity(繁荣,forexample,cartoonsshowpeople6thegoodeconomic(经济上的situation.Theyalsomakefunofthe7thatpeoplemakeforthemselveslikemakingaproblemoutofwhichtypeofcartobuy.In8timesofeconomictroublespeoplewantsomeoneorsomethingto____9_____theirtroubleson.Cartoonsprovidescapegoats(替身.Theyalsohelppeopletoseethe10inanot-so-funnysituation.11,acartoonmightsaythatthegovernmentofacountryisresponsibleforthebadeconomyand12showthegovernmentleadersasagroupofridiculous(可笑的people.Beingabletousetheleadersasscapegoatsandtolaughattheleaderssomehowmakepeoplefeel13abouttheirsituation.Cartoonsalsomakepeoplelaughattheirownpersonal14.Youngpeoplewhoarenotalways15ofhowtoactcansmileattheirawkwardness(尴尬.Cidpeoplewhose16childrenpaylittleattentiontothemcanchuckle(暗笑attheirneglect(疏忽andloneliness.Studentswhohavestudiedtoo17beforeanexaminationcanlaughattheirworries.Anyone'sproblemsaremadebiggerthanlifeinthecartoons.Perhapstheproblems18funnybecausethereishumorinsomethingthatisrealbeingmadeunreal.Acartooncombines(结合artandhumor.Whenitisskillfully19,asimplelinedrawingandafewwordscanmakepeoplelaugh.Theirtroubleseemless20andtheyenjoylifemorefully.1.A.cheerfulB.dullC.prettyD.different答案:A指导:英国人想在平淡的日子中找点乐趣,故用cheerful。different与后面重复;dull与题意产生矛盾;pretty般修饰人。2.A.mostB.alreadyC.nearlyD.less答案:D指导:lessdifferent用于说明英国人日子的平淡。由后面的than可排除其他选项。3.A.wayB.reasonC.funD.doubt答案:B指导:前面所提到的需求就是英国人如此偏爱卡通的“原因”。从因果关系人手可排除其他选项。4.A.sharpC.half-openC.near-sightedD.bright答案:B指导:前文提到英国人早晨刚刚起床就上看卡通。从“刚刚起床”这一语境可排除其他选项。5.A.laughatB.playticksonC.encourageD.worry答案:A指导:此处表示英国人借卡通来“自嘲”。playtrickson意为“捉弄”,英国人不可能捉弄自己,故不用B,其他不合题意。6.A.praisingB.enjoyingC.makingD.improving答案:B指导:经济状况好的时候,卡通也反映了英国人“享受”生活的情景。C、D两项与前面“经济繁荣”在语意上矛盾;“赞扬”太片面。7.A.familiesB.namesC.questionsD.problems答案:D指导:此处还是表示英国人喜欢“自嘲”,嘲笑自己制造的问题。questions为“疑问”,不是实际要解决的问题;其他不合题意。8.A.happyB.goodC.hardD.modern答案:C指导:后面有timesofeconomictroubles作为信息提示,因此用“艰难时期”。由信息提示可排除其他选项。9.A.blameB.shareC.placeD.burden答案:A指导:后面有英国人“找替罪羊”的信息提示,因此此处是找“责备、发泄”的对象。由信息提示可排除其他选项。10.A.pleasureB.humourC.hopeD.chance答案:B指导:卡通的作用就是在枯燥的环境中为人们提供乐趣,令人发笑。从后面的“不太滑稽”这一信息提示,可捧除其他选项。11.A.AsaresultB.ForexampleC.What'smoreD.Ontheotherhand答案:B指导:下文是举例说明英国人从卡通中“找乐”的情况。12.A.tooB.onlyC.alsoD.either答案:C指导:and说明前后文是并列关系。either一般用于否定句;too用在此处位置不对。13.A.betterB.worseC.dearerD.mompuzzled答案:A指导:英国人通过嘲笑政府官员在经济不景气的环境中找点好心情。从前面“嘲笑官员”可知,英国人是为了发泄白己的不满,使自己心情好一点。14.A.successB.happinessC.failureD.worries答案:D指导:后文所述皆是生活中的“烦恼”。15.A.sureB.proudC.fondD.hopeful答案:A指导:由后面“尴尬”可知,这些年轻人对自己缺乏自信。16.A.cruelB.grownC.badD.useless答案:B指导:由后面老年人孤独、被忽略可知,孩子已长大成人。17.A.muchB.hardC.lateD.little答案:D指导:由后面“担心”可知,这些学生考试之前没有下工夫。18.A.seemB.appearC.feelD.look答案:A指导:此处表示通过夸张使“问题”显得好笑。seem和appear都表示“显得”,但seem往往表示有根据的判断,而appear含有“表面上看是一回事,而实际并非如此”之意。C19.A.takenB.askedC.broughtD.done答案:D指导:done此处相当于drawn,表示卡通如果画得好。20.A.necessaryB.importantC.comfortableD.expensive答案:B指导:有了卡通带来的幽默,人们可暂时忘掉生活中的烦恼、难题。Cioze2Thebenefitsofpuppylove"Haveatalkwithyourdogandcallmeinthemorning."That's1doctorsmightsayafterreadingthestudiesthathavebeendoneaboutpeopleandtheir2Thestudiesareshowingthatpetsaregoodforyourhealth.Itdoesn'tseemto3whetheryourpetisadogoralizard(蜥蜴oragold-fish.Petsmaydo4foryouthanyouwilleverdoforthem.5youhavehadalongandtiringday,andfeelalittleanxious.Thebestwayto6maybetochatwithyourcatorhug(拥抱yourdog.7ofpeopleandpetswasdoneattheUniversityofPennsylvania.This8wasdiscovered:thebloodpressuresofsomepeoplewhowerestudiedstayedthesameor9whentheyspoketoanimals.10bloodpressureisimportanttogoodhealth.And,doctorssay,bloodpressureoftengoesupwhenpeopletalkto11!Animalsalsoseemtohelppeoplewhoaresickorlonely.Peopleinnursinghomesshowedgreat12whenpetswerebroughttothem.Theylikedto13theanimalsandtalktothem.Andtheylikedtotalktooneanotherabouttheanimals.Onemanhad14astroke(中风andhadnotspokenforalongtime.Apuppy(小狗wasplacedinhiswheelchair.Suddenlythemanwaslaughingsoftly."Puppy,'hewhispered.15atamentalhospitalweregivensmallanimals,suchaswhitemice,birds.Caringforthepetsgavethesepatientsareasontotalkandworktogether.Manybecame16andmorehelpfulInFrance,peoplefoundthatpetshelpedchildrenwho17nottalktootherpeople.Thechildrenfirsttouchedandplayedwithpets,thenbeganspeakingwithadults(成年人.Doanimalshavemagic(有魔力的18tohelppeople?Scientiststhinkthemagicissimplyloveandtrust.Petsarelikelyto19peopleandshowthemaffection(感情.Theygivepeoplesomethingto20about.Theymakepeoplefeelwantedandneeded.Thestudiesseemtoshowthatanimalsare"goodmedicine".Maybetheanimalshaveknownthatallalong.1.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.how答案:A指导:what引导表语从句,本身作宾语。其他选项也可以引导宾语从句,但不是作者要表达的问题。2.A.dogsB.friendsC.hobbiesD.pets答案:D指导:从下文看,研究的是人跟宠物之间的关系。其他选项都偏离了文章的中心。3.A.mindB.careC.matterD.show答案:C指导:此处表示养什么宠物没有关系。mind"介意”,care“关心、在乎”都不合题意,而且作主语的都是人。4.A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse答案:C指导:本文介绍的是养宠物的好处,因此选more。不能说宠物做的“更好”。其他不合题意。5.A.ImagineB.SupposeC.RememberD.Think答案:B指导:此处是“假设”某种情况。“想像”、“思考”不合逻辑。6.A.calmdownB.slowdownC.relaxD.ease答案:C指导:从前面人们劳累了一天以及后面“跟宠物聊天及拥抱宠物”判断,这儿指人们“放松”的方式。calmdown"镇静下来”;slowdown'"放慢速度”;ease"变得容易”都不合题意。7.A.StudyB.RelationC.FriendshipD.Search答案:A指导:前面已经有信息提示,因此此处还是指对人类跟宠物之间的关系的研究。8.A.newsB.ruleC.factD.theory答案:C指导:研究所发现的只能是“事实”。“新闻”、“规则”、“理论”都不合题意。9.A.wentupB.wentdownC.changedD.reduced答案:B指导:人们跟宠物聊天,心情放松,血压应是“下降”。A项不合题意;C项“改变”没有说明是好的方面还是坏的方面;D"减少”不合逻辑。10.A.AverageB.NaturalC.OrdinaryD.Normal答案:D指导:“正常”血压对人的健康有好处。average,natural,ordianary都不能用来修饰血压。11.A.peopleB.childrenC.enemiesD.leaders答案:A指导:从“血压升高”这一信息可推断出此处指人与“人”交谈。12.A.surpriseB.joyC.courageD.happiness答案:B指导:当宠物被带到养老院时,人们的表现自然是“高兴”。“幸福”语意太强,用在此处不合适。其他不合题意。13.A.touchB.feedC.raiseD.love答案:A指导:此处表示人们喜欢“爱抚”宠物。14.A.hitB.caughtC.sufferedD.struck答案:C指导:此处是指“中风”的人,“遭受”为最佳答案。catch当“染上”某种疾病讲,从后面好长时间不说话可知,此处不表示“刚刚染病”的情况,而是长期患病。hit,strike当自然灾害“袭击”某个地方讲。15.A.WorkersB.PatientsC.NursesD.Doctors答案:B指导:此处指用宠物对“病人”进行治疗。16.A.calmerB.wannerC.cleverD.worse答案:A指导:宠物对病人有安慰作用,因此他们变得“更安静”了。17.A.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.might答案:C指导:would此处表示“意愿”。此处是指那些性情乖僻,不愿跟人讲话的孩子。其他情态动词无此用法。18.A.strengthB.powerC.energyD.wonder答案:B指导:power当“巨大或神奇的力量”讲。strengh“体力”,energy"精力,自然界的能”,wonder"惊奇”都不合语境。19.A.welcomeB.greetC.helpD.treasure答案:A指导:狗会对人表示“欢迎”。greet“问候、打招呼”,treasure"珍惜”不能用来形容狗的行为。20.A.thinkB.goC.careD.bring答案:C指导:狗为人提供了可以“关心”的对象。Cloze3Iwouldliketosharewithyouastoryofthemonkey.InThompson'sTheOutlineofSciencethereisstoryaboutascien-tistwho1severalchimpanzeesandmonkeysinorderto2animalpsychology,Hetookaglassbottle,3itscork(瓶塞andputtwopeanutsinsidethebottle.Needlesstosay,thepeanutsdroppedtothebottleandwereeasilyseenfromthe4.Hethenpassedthebottletoamonkey,whoshookit5foralongwhileandwas6abletogetthepeanutswhenthey7fellout.Thescientistthenputsomepeanutsintothebottleagain8hehaddonebeforeandshowedthemonkeythatitonlyneededto9thebottleupsidedownforthepeanutstodropout.10themonkeyalwaysignoredhis11.Eachtimeitjustshookthebottlefrantically,wlthgreat12butwithoutnecessarilyachieving13result.Nowthequestioniswhythemonkeywasunabletounderstandwhatthescientistinstructs.14becauseallitsattea-tionwasfocusedonthepeanuts.Asitwassimplemindedlyconcentratingonreachingthefood,ithadnotimeforunderstanding15learning.Tolearn,itmusttakeitseyesoffthepeanutsandshiftitsattentiontothe16movementofthemanandthe17thebottlewasturnedupsidedown.Toshiftitsattention,ithadto18downandnotbetakenowbytheimpulse(诱惑ofitsappetite.Yetthemonkeywastxabletounderstandthis.Itisinstanceslikethis19revea(提示themonkey'slackof20.1.A.keptB.raisedC.fedD.caught答案:A指导:keep"饲养”,此处指科学家饲养了几只黑猩猩和猴子,以研究动物心理。本题干扰性最强的是raise,但raise一般当“抚养长大”讲,相当于bringup;feed"喂食”,意思不全面。2.A.learnB.knowC.studyD.find答案:C指导:科学家饲养黑猩猩和猴子显然是研究它们的心理。3.A.movedB.removedC.takenD.loosen答案:B指导:科学家要把两个坚果放到瓶子里面,应首先把瓶塞“除去”。“移动”“松开”等都不合逻辑。4.A.insideB.topC.upsideD.outside答案:D指导:因为坚果是在瓶子里面,所以我们从“外面”可以看得到。其他选项不合语境。5.A.happilyB.anxiouslyC.hurriedlyD.easily答案:B指导:猴子急于想吃到坚果,因此应是“着急地”晃瓶子。6.A.quiteB.onlyC.ofcourseD.not答案:B指导:根据语境分析,只有当坚果出来的时候,猴子才能吃到它们。7.A.suddenlyB.accidentallyC.occasionallyD.quickly答案:B指导:由语境判断,猴子并没有很好的办法把坚果取出来,因此在晃动下,坚果只能“碰巧、偶然”掉了出来。oceasionally"偶而”说明的是频率,都不合逻辑。8.A.asB.thatC.whatD.until答案:A指导:as引导方式状语从句,当“以……的方式”讲。其他都不能引导方式状语从句。9.A.hangB.putC.turnD.hold答案:C指导:turnsth.upsidedown是“把……倒转”过来之意。只要把瓶子口朝下,坚果就会被倒出来。10.A.ButB.ThenC.ThereforeD.Thus答案:A指导:通过后面猴子忽视指令判断,此处应是转折关系。11.A.directionsB.explanationsC.performancesD.instructions答案:D指导:这儿指猴子忽视了教授的“指令、命令”。directions当“产品、药品”的说明讲;“解释”、“表演”不合语境。12.A.effortB.strengthC.powerD.force答案:A指导:指猴子“非常吃力地”摇晃瓶子。withgreateffort意为“非常卖力地”。此处猴子摇晃瓶子,不仅是用“体力”,也不是用“权利”和“武力”。13.A.expectingB.interestingC.desiredD.satisfyin答案:C指导:desired过去分词作定语,当“所期望的”讲,相当于expectedo猤子没有获得期望的纬果。其他不合语法。14.A.ProbablyB.LikelyC.SimplyD.Nearly答案:C指导:simply"仅仅”此处用来加强语气。指猴子仅仅把注意力集中在坚果上而忽视了科学家的指令。15.A.norB.andC.butDinstead答案:B指导:此处是并列关系。16.A.gestureB.mouthC.handD.eye答案:C指导,科学家在教猴子怎样把瓶子颠倒过来,因此是“手”的动作。17.A.mannerB.wayC.methodD.direction答案:B指导:此处应是瓶子被颠倒的方式。猴子没有注意到科学家的演示。manner指的是人的“行为方式”,mothod指具体做事情的“方法”,用法比way正式。18.A.sitB.getC.letD.calm答案:D指导:此处指猴子要想转移注意力,必须首先“冷静”下来,不被诱惑所控制。其他选项不合题意。19.A.thatB.whichC.howD.what9.A.admired答案:答案:C类人并不被人B.thoughtC.knownD.reeognized指导；beknownas意为“作为……出名”。他们就是人所共知的“奇才”。从文章所给的信息看，这看好，因此不用beadmiredasia作为……被崇拜”或berecognizedass!作为……被承认”。10.A.and答案:答案:C答案:答案:C11.A.putB.soB.causeC.orC.bringD.thatD.take指导：or连接并列句，引出与前文相反的后果。指导；bringsomethingtoruin是固定短语，相当于ruin“毁灭”。此处表达的意思是：如果B.takeC.wishD.finishB.progressD.improvementB.discourageD.promiseB.worldC.chanceB.HoweverD.BesidesD.heaven不跟这些人交朋友，他们会报复你，使你的电脑瘫痪。12.A.win答案:答案:B13.A.industryC.discovery答案:答案:A14.A.exciteC.demand答案:答案:A答案:答案:B15.A.space16.A.ThereforeC.Though答案:答案:D表“让步”。17.A.in答案:答案:C答案:答案:B18.A.richB.ofB.uncoolC.onD.for指导：effect和介词on搭配，表示“对……的影响”。C.attractiveD.handsome指导：Geeks一类人获得了巨大成就，对大众文化也产生了巨大的影响，因此人们对什么是coolB.thatB.questionsC.bowmuchD.what指导：take／get／obtainadegree"获得学位”。指导：这里指信息产业，故用industry．指导：信息产业人才迅速崛起，获得巨大成功，因此“激励”人们仿效他们。指导：因特网的诞生为信息产业人才提供了广阔的“世界”。前面有不定冠词a，因此不选space．指导；besides用作副词，表示“增补”关系。therefore表“结果”；however表“转折”；though的观点也发生了变化；过去uncool的Geeks现在成为人们真正崇拜的对象。19.A.how答案:答案:D答案:答案:ACloze5Thetaskofbeingacceptedandenrolled(招收inauniversitybeginsearlyforsomestudents.Long1theygraduatefromhighschool,thesestudentstakespecial32toprepareforadvancedstudy.Theymayalsotakeoneormoreexaminationsthattesthowuniversity.Inthefinalyearofhighschool,they46studentrecords,totheoniversifieswhichtheyhopetofrightened,theyare5preparedtheyareforthe20.A.dangers指导：现在人们意识到知识比外表更重要。what引导名词性从句，本身作表语。C.possibilityD.chances指导：过去Geeks在校园里是被人欺负和嘲笑的对象，而现在却当了老板。因此此处说，原来欺负他们的人也许就成了“奇才们”的雇员，被他们所控制，就是一种“危险”。apphcations(申请andsendthem,withtheir.Sonaehighschoolstudentsmaybeandusuallyvery11before15fortohaveaninterviewwithrepre-senta--fivesoftheuniversity.Neatly7Whenthenewstudentsarefinally8toshowthattheyhaveagoodattitudeandthe9tosucced10,theremaybeonemoresteptheyhavetoregisteringfor(登记classesand12towork.Manycollegesanduniversities13anoftentation(情况介绍programforstudents.14thesepregrams,theyoungpeoplegettoknowthe-12-registrationandstudentadvising,universityrule