医学英语口语对话中英对照

医学英语口语对话中英对照医学英语口语对话中英对照医学英语口语对话中英对照资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月医学英语口语对话中英对照版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：P:Goodmorning,doctor.D:Goodmorning,pleasesitdown.Whatseemstobethematter?P:IthinkImighthavecaughtacold.D:Howlonghaveyoubeensick?P:Fortwodays.D:Whatsymptomsdoyouhave?P:IhavearunnynoseandIacheallover.D:Whatwasthedischargelike?P:Watery.D:Isitthesametoday?P:No,itisyellowandthickertoday.D:Doyouhaveafever?P:Ihaven'ttakenmytemperatureyet,butIfeelfeverish.D:Letmetakeyourtemperature.Itwilltake10minutes....Yes,youdohaveafever.Wereyouexposedtocoldtemperatures?P:Yes,thedaybeforeyesterdaywhenIwenttowork,theweatherwaswarmsoIdidn'twearextraclothes.Intheeveningthetemperaturedroppeddownrapidly.OnthewayhomeIfeltverycold.AfterarrivinghomeIbegantosneeze.WhenIgotoutofbedthenextmorningmynosewasstuffyandrunning.D:Doyouhaveacough?P:Ijuststartedcoughingtoday.D:Doyouhavephlegm?P:Yes,butnotmuch.D:Whatcolorisit?P:Paleyellow.参考译文病人：早上好，医生。医生：早上好。请坐。您那里不舒服？病人：我想我感冒了。医生：您病了多久了？病人：2天。医生：您有什么症状吗？病人：我流鼻涕，而且觉得全身疼痛。医生：鼻涕怎么样的？病人：水样的。医生：今天也一样吗?病人：不，今天是黄色的，而且变稠了。医生：有没有发热啊？病人：我没有测过体温，但是我自己觉得发烧了。医生：让我先帮您测体温。大概需要十分钟。......是的，您确实是发热。您怕冷吗？病人：是的。前天我去上班的时候天气还挺暖和的，当时我就没有多穿衣服。但晚上温度下降得很快，当我回家的时候我觉得很冷。回家后，我就开始打喷嚏了。第二天早上起床的时候我就觉得鼻塞流涕了。医生：您有没有咳嗽啊？病人：今天刚开始。医生：您有痰吗？病人：有，但不多。医生：什么颜色的？病人：浅黄色的。D:Isiteasytocoughup?P:Notvery.Ihavetouseefforttocoughitup.Thephlegmisalittlesticky.D:Haveyoubeensweating?P:Isweatedalittleaftertakingsomemedicineforfeverlastnight.D:Areyouthirsty?P:Yes,Ifeellikedrinkingcoolwater.D:Doyouhaveasorethroat?P:Yes,Ido.D:Iwanttolookatyourthroat.Pleaseopenyourmouth.D:Doyoufeelanyotherdiscomfort?P:IfeelsoreeverywhereandIfeelverytiredtoo.D:Pleasestickoutyourtongueandletmehavealook.Youhavearedtonguewiththinandyellowcoating,whichindicateswindandheatinthesuperficialarea.Pleaseputyourhandhereandletmefeelyourpulse....Thepulseissuperficialandrapid.P:Whatdoesasuperficialandrapidpulsemean?D:AsuperficialpulsemeanstheattackofpathogenstotheexteriorlayerofthebodywhichiscalledexteriorsyndromeinTraditionalChinesemedicine,whilearapidpulseindicatesheat.P:WhatisthediagnosisofChinesemedicineforme?D:Itisacommoncold.Accordingtothesymptoms,themanifestationofthetongueandpulse,youhavegotacommonwind-heattypecold.医生：容易咯出来吗？病人：不是太容易。我需要用力才能咯出。这痰有点粘稠。医生：您有出汗吗？病人：昨晚吃了退烧药后出了一点。医生：觉得口渴吗？病人：是的，我比较想喝冷水。病人：是的，医生：我想要看看您的喉咙，请张开口。医生：您还觉得哪里不舒服吗？病人：我觉得全身疼痛，而且觉得非常累。医生：请伸出舌头让我看看。他的是舌红苔薄黄，提示着风热袭表。医生：请把手放到这里，我给您把把脉。脉是浮数的。病人：脉浮数意味着什么？医生：浮脉代表着邪袭体表，在中医里这也叫表证，而数脉提示的是有热。病人：中医诊断是什么？医生：根据症状、舌脉的表现，这属于感冒，风热型。P:Canyouexplainitmoreindetail?D:Pathogenicwindheatoftenattacksthebodythroughthenoseandmouth.Thelungisinvolvedfirst.Pathogenicwindofyangnatureischaracterizedbyupwardandoutwarddispersion.Whenafightgoesonbetweenthepathogenicwindheatandthebodyresistance,fever,slightaversiontowindandsweatingresult.Whenthepathogenicwindheatattacksthehead,symptomslikepainanddistendingsensationoccurinhead.P:That'sinteresting.D:Whenthelungfailstodisperseanddescend,aten-year-oldpatienthasacoughwithyellow,thicksputum.Whenthepathogenicwindheatstiflestheairpassage,thepatientexperiencingacongestedsorethroatwiththirst.Thin,whiteoryellowishtonguecoating,andsuperficialrapidpulsearethesignsshowingthelungandthedefensivesystembeingattackedbythepathogenicwindheat.P:Isee.I'dliketobetreatedwithTraditionalChinesemedicine.ThatiswhyIcamehere.Whatkindoftreatmentwillyougivetome?D:IsuggesttheprescriptionYinQiaoSanforyou.Itisatypicalformulafortreatingwindheattypeofcommoncold.Wemaymodifyitbyaddingsomemoreherbstorelievethesorethroatandtherunnynose.Iwillgiveyoufourdoses.Everydaytakeone.Everydosebringstoaboilanddrainofftheliquid.Addcoldwaterandbringittoaboilthesecondtime.Drinktheliquidfrombothtimes.Doyouunderstand?

病人：你能详细解释一下吗？医生：风热之邪常会通过口鼻侵犯机体，而肺先受之。属于阳的风邪就具有向上、向外升散的特性。当风热之邪与机体正气相互搏斗，就会导致发热、恶风以及汗出。当风热之邪侵袭头部，就会有头痛、头胀等症状的出现。病人：听起来很有趣。医生：如肺失宣降，就会出现咳嗽，咯黄稠痰。当风热之邪使气道失于通畅，就会出现咽喉充血，疼痛以及口渴。苔薄白或薄黄，浮数脉都是肺卫被风热之邪侵袭的表现。病人：我想以中药治疗。这就是我来这的原因。你们将会予我什么治疗呢？医生：我建议用银翘散。那是一条典型的用以治疗风热型感冒的方。我们可以在此基础上加一些用于缓解咽痛和流涕症状的草药。我将会给您开四剂药。每天一剂。猛火煎药，然后倒出药汁。然后再加冷水复煎一次。把两次煮的药都喝完，明白吗？P:Yes,Ido.D:Also,I'llnowgiveyouacupuncturetreatmentonthepointsofthelung,largeintestineandbladdermeridians,usingthereducingmethod.Thiswillbeveryeffectiveinrelievingyourheadacheandrunnynose.P:Willitbepainful?D:No,justlikeamosquitobite.Afterthatwemayapplycuppingtoyourupperback.(Afterthetreatment)P:Oh,Ifeelmuchbetteraftertheacupuncturetreatment.Myheadachehasgoneandthesorethroathaslessened.Thankyou.D:Afterreturninghomebecarefultorestanddrinkmorehotwater.Thisisyourprescription.GototheChinesemedicinepharmacyandfillyourprescription.P:Ok.Thankyouverymuch,doctor.D:Youarewelcome.病人：知道了。医生：我们能否给他用针灸治疗来缓解症状？我会用泻法在你的肺经、大肠经和膀胱经上的穴位上用针。这对于缓解你头痛和流涕的症状是很有效的。病人：针灸会很痛吗？医生：不会，就像蚊子咬，然后我们可以在他上背部拔火罐。治疗后病人：我觉得治疗后舒服多了。我的头不痛了，而且咽痛也缓解很多了，感觉好多了。谢谢。医生：回家后要注意休息，还要喝多点热水。这是您的处方，您可以到中药店抓药。病人：好的，谢谢，再见。D:Goodmorning,whatseemstobetheproblemtoday,Mr.Chen?

P:Well,I'vehadnocturiaforsixmonthsandIstartedlosingweightfourmonthsago.D:AnyotherproblemsHaveyounoticedanychangesinyoururine

P:Yes,it'sdarker,reddish.Iwonderifitcouldbeblood.D:Haveyounoticedanythingelse?P:Yes.I'vefeltsickseveraltimesinthemorningandI'venoticedmylegsareswollenafterworkintheevening.Also,I'vefeltreallygroggyforsomeweeksnow.Idon'tseemtoenjoymyfoodanymoreandI'velostweight.D:Howmuch?P:About6Kg.D:Howlonghaveyouhadthistrouble?P:About4monthsreally.D:Haveyoueverhadtroublewithyoururinebefore?P:Yes.TwoyearsagoIhadaburningsensationwhenIpassedwater.ThedoctorsaidthatIhadhighbloodpressureaswellandheputmeontabletsanditclearedup.D:Well,I'dliketoexamineyou.Pleasecometotheexaminationroom,removeyourclothesexceptyourunderpants,andlieonthetable.(Afterexamination)D:Youcangetdressednow...well,itlookslikeyouhavesomereducedkidneyfunction.Iwantyoutotakesomebloodtests,X-raysandkidneyfunctiontests.I'dlikeyoutocollectyoururinefor24hours.Thenursewilltellyouexactlyhowtodoit.Thenwe'llaskyoutocomeinforanultrasoundexaminationofthekidneys.Thisisaverysimpleproceduretomakesurethereisnoobstruction.参考译文医生：早上好，陈先生，你哪里不舒服

病人：我夜尿多（遗尿）六个月了，而且我四个月前体重开始下降。医生：还有别的不舒服吗您有没有留意过您小便跟以前有什么不同吗

病人：是的，它是暗红色的。我都怀疑那是不是血。医生：您还发现别的什么吗？病人：有啊，我早上和晚上工作后都有几回觉得恶心。我还留意到我的腿肿胀了。我近几周来总觉得头昏眼花，而且也没什么胃口，体重也下降了。医生：降了多少？病人：大约6公斤。医生：像这样子多久了？病人：大概4个月吧。医生：您以前小便也有过异常吗？病人：是的，两年前我曾在小便的时候有尿道的灼热感。医生检查后也说我有高血压，并给了我一些药片吃，吃了之后就好了。医生：好的，我想给您检查一下。请您脱下衣服，只剩下内衣，然后躺在那检查床上，先用毛毯盖上，我等下就来。（检查后）医生：您现在可以穿好衣服了。我想您的问题在于您的肾没有正常的运作。我希望您能够进行血液、X线以及肾功能方面的检查。同时，我也需要您收集24小时的小便。具体怎样做护士会告诉您。然后，我们会在再让您进行肾的超声检查。然后我们就可以根据这一个非常简单的程序去判断有没有梗阻情况的存在。P:Canyoutellmeexactlywhatiswrongwithmykidneys?

D:Well,thetestsshowthatyouareinaconditioncalledchronicglomerulonephritis,whichhasdamagedthekidneys.P:IsthechronicglomerulonephritissevereArethereanygoodtreatmentstorepairthekidneydamage

D:Yes,ofcourse.You'dbetterstayinthehospitalfortreatments,andobservation.We'llhavetoinsertatubeintoyourabdomentoflashouttoxicsubstancesinthebloodstream.P:HowlongwillIhavetostayinhospitalWillIhavetostopworking?D:Forabout3-4weeks.Justremindme.What'syourjob?P:I'mateacher.D:Well,Ishouldadviseyoutohavea2-monthrest.P:Thankyoudoctor.D:Notatall.病人：您能确切地告诉我我的肾有什么问题吗？医生：检验结果显示您得了慢性肾小球肾炎，而那病是您的肾功能受到损害。病人：那慢性肾小球肾炎严重吗有针对肾功能损害的好的治疗方法吗

医生：呃，有的。我想你需要住院作治疗了，我们将会一直跟踪你的病情。我们要在你的腹部放个管子，通过液体在其中的流通达到清洗血液的作用，同时也把血液中的毒素排出。病人：那我大概需要住院多长时间那我是不是需要停止工作呢

医生：大概3到4周。您提醒我了，您是从事什么职业的？病人：我是一名教师。医生：那样的话我建议您休息2个月。病人：谢谢您，医生。医生：不用客气。D:What'sthematterwithyou?

P:Ihavebeenfeelingthirstyrecently,andIamalwaystired.D:Howaboutyoururination?P:IpassmoreurinethanIusedto.D:Howmanytimesaday?P:Abouteighttimes.D:Howaboutyourappetite?P:Myappetitehasbeengood,butIstillfeelIamlosingweight.D:Anyothersymptoms?P:Ican'tconcentrateonanythingforlong,andIalwaysfeelweak.Ihavesaidthat,Iguess.SometimesIalsofeeldizzy.D:Howoldareyou?P:I'm45thisyear.D:Sir,doyouhaveanyoneinyourfamilywhohasdiabetes?P:Yes,myfatherhashaddiabetesfornearly15years.Whatdoyoumean,doctorDoyoumeanIhavegotdiabetes

D:Accordingtoyoursymptomsandyourfather'shistory,thereisastrongpossibilitythatyouhavegotdiabetes,asthediseaserunsinfamilies.Ofcourse,weneedtodosomechecks.FirstpleasegototheLaboratoryDepartmentandexamineyoururineandbloodsugar.Comebacktomewiththereport.(Laterwiththeresultsoftheexamination)D:Theexaminationshowsanelevationofbloodsugarandyouhavesugarinyoururine.Youhavegotdiabetes.P:IsitseriousWhat'sanormalbloodsugarlevel

参考译文医生：您哪里不舒服？病人：我最近觉得口渴，而且总是觉得很累。医生：小便怎样？病人：小便比以前更多了。医生：一天几次？病人：大概8次。医生：胃口怎样？病人：胃口很好，但我觉得体重反而轻了。医生：还有别的症状吗？病人：我不能长时间集中注意力干活，而且总是觉得疲惫。我想这我刚才都说了，有时我还会头晕。医生：您多大岁数了？病人：45岁。医生：那您家里有没有人是得糖尿病的？病人：有，我父亲患有糖尿病接近15年了。您这是什么意思啊，是指我患上糖尿病吗？医生：根据您的症状和您父亲的病史，也因为这种疾病有家族史，所以您得糖尿病的可能性很大。当然，我们需要做些检查。首先，请到检验科检验一下尿液和血糖。有检查结果后回来找我。（检验结果出来后）病人：我的情况如何？医生：检验结果显示您血糖升高，尿中也有尿糖。你得了糖尿病。病人：严重吗那正常的空腹血糖水平是多少

D:Itis<130mg%,Generallyitis80—120mg%.Diabetesisadiseaseduetothepoorfunctionofthepancreas,whichbringsaboutmetabolicdisorderofsugar,fatandprotein.It'sachronicdisease.Atthetimebeingthereisstillnowaytocureit.ButasIsaidyourcaseisnotseriousnow.Ifyoupayattentiontotreatmentyourdietandyouwillgetbettergradually.P:WhatelseshouldIpayattentiontoIsthereadietfordiabetes

D:Havingyoururinetestedregularlytoseehowyourdiseaseisgoingisveryimportant.Ontheotherhand,youshouldtrytoomitsugarfromthediet.Thisincludescandy,cake,ice-cream,etc.Highstarchfoodssuchasbread,potato,rice,etcshouldbelimited,too.P:Thankyouverymuch,doctor.Godbye.D:Goodbye.医生：那是<130mg%,经常是在80—120mg%。糖尿病是由于胰腺功能的失调，引起糖、脂肪和蛋白质的代谢紊乱。那是一种慢性病，具有多尿、多饮、多食的症状。在现阶段还没有方法能治愈。但就像我说的那样，您现在的情况并非很严重。如果您注意治疗和饮食，您会慢慢好起来的。病人：我还有没有别的什么需要注意的应该采用什么样的饮食呢

医生：定期进行尿液检测以观察疾病的进程是重要的。另外，你必须把饮食中的糖都去掉，这包括糖果、蛋糕、雪糕等，而且也应该限制高淀粉的食物，例如面包、土豆、米饭等。病人：非常谢谢您，医生。再见。医生：再见。D:Goodmorning!Pleasehaveaseat.Ijustneedtogetsomeinformationfromyou.CouldIhaveyournameplease?P:MynameisWangPing.D:Whatkindofworkdoyoudo?P:Iamataxidriver.D:That'sfine.Now,tellmewhat'sbotheringyou.P:Well,I'vegotadreadfulstomachacheandI'velostmyappetite.D:Howlonghaveyoubeenfeelingthisway?P:Foraboutoneyear.Firstitwasjustaslightapain,butit'sgotmuchworserecently.D:Couldyoutellmeexactlywherethepainis?P:Yes,it'srighthere.Thisistheworstspot.D:Isitafixedpain?P:Yes,itdoesn'tseemtomove.D:Doesthepaineverspreadtoanyotherarea?P:No.D:WhatsortofpainisitSharpDullP:It'sadistendedfeeling,anditgetsworseifIeatanythingcold.D:Doyoueverfellitwhenyou'rehungry?P:Yes,often,butitgetsbetterifIeatsomething.D:Ifyourubormassageit,doesithelp?P:Yes,itdoes.D:Doyourhandsandfeetoftenfeelcold?参考译文医生：早上好。请坐。我想先了解一些情况。请问您叫什么名字？病人：我叫王萍。医生：您从事什么工作？病人：我是一名出租车司机。医生：哦，那很好。那我有什么可以帮您的？病人：我的胃痛的很厉害，胃口都没有了。医生：像这样子多久了？病人：大约一年了。开始的时候只是一点痛，但是最近痛得厉害多了。医生：能告诉我具体哪里痛吗？病人：可以，就是这里。这里是最痛的。医生：痛处痛定吗？病人：是的，它不是游走性的。医生：疼痛有没有向别处蔓延呢？病人：没有。医生：请告诉我关于胃痛更多的资料。那是什么样的疼痛呢？病人：那是一种胀感，而且进食冷食后会加重。医生：什么东西会加重疼痛呢您饿的时候有疼痛吗

病人：有的，经常。但我进食后会有所改善。医生：如果您按摩肚子，痛会缓解一些吗？病人：会的。医生：您的手脚经常会觉得冷吗？P:Yes,often...andverycoldtoo.D:Isthepainconstant,ordoesitcomeandgo?P:Itcomesandgoes.D:Andhowlongdoeseachattacklastfor?

P:Oh...abouttwohours.D:Doyoufeelthemostpainfulinthedaytime?P:Yes,Ithinkso.Usuallyaboutthreehoursaftermeals.Butsometimesitwakesmeupatnight.D:Areyouawareofanythingthatbringsthestomachacheon?P:It'shardtotell.First,IthinkitcomesafterIeatrawandcoldfood.RecentlyI'vefeltitwhenI'mbusyatworkorI'minabadmood.D:Generally,how'syourappetite?P:Notsogood.Ialwaysfeelbloated.SoIdon'tfeellikeeatinganything.What'smore,nomatterwhatIeat,it'stasteless.D:Doyouhaveanyburpingoracidregurgitation?P:Yes,Iburpalot.D:Haveyoubeenverythirstylately?P:No,I'mnotinterestedindrinkinganything.D:Doyoupreferhotorcolddrinks?P:Oh,definitelysomethinghot.D:Haveyougotanyunusualtastesinyourmouth?P:Yes,asourtaste,andIgetacidregurgitation,too.病人：是的，经常。而且是很冷。医生：疼痛是持续性的还是间歇性的？病人：是间歇性的。医生：每次发作大概持续多久？病人：大约2个小时。医生：白天疼痛得最厉害吗？病人：痛通常是在餐后3后小时。有时会在晚上痛醒。医生：您有没有注意到什么东西会诱发您胃痛吗？病人：这很难说。我想吃了生冷的东西后就会痛。最近有几次也是因为我工作很忙或是心情不好而发作。医生：您的胃口如何？病人：不是很好。我总是觉得腹胀，所以不是很想吃东西。再者，无论我吃什么，都觉得淡而无味。医生：有没有打嗝或是泛酸？病人：有，我经常会打嗝。医生：近来觉得口渴吗？病人：不，我不想喝什么东西。医生：那您是更喜欢喝热的还是冷的东西呢？病人：应该是热点的。医生：口中有什么味道吗？病人：苦味，而且我也会泛酸。D:Whatareyourbowelmovementslike?P:They'resoftandsometimesIhavediarrhea.D:Anyproblemswithpassingwater?P:No,Idon'tthinkso.D:Haveyoulostanyweightlately?

P:No,myweightisthesameasitwas.D:Haveyoueverhadanyotherproblems?P:I'dalwaysbeeningoodhealthandneverhadanyseriousproblems,notevenacold.D:Doyousmokeordrinkorhaveanyotherhabitsthatmightaffectyourhealth?P:Idon'tsmoke,butdrinkalittle.D:HaveyoueverhadanX-rayorultrasoundBforthisproblem?P:Yes,lastyearIhadanX-rayandthedoctorsaidIhadaduodenalulcer.D:Haveyoueverhadanytreatmentbeforethis?P:Yes,I'vetakenlostoftablets,buttheyhaven'thadmucheffect.SothistimeI'dliketotrysomeChineseherbs.D:Allright.Nowletmelookatyourtongue,andthentakeyourpulse.Mm...thetongueispaleandadullpurplecolor.Thecoatingisthinandwhite.Yourpulseisdeep,slowanduneven.AccordingtothetheoryofTraditionalChineseMedicine,thestomachacheyou'vegotiscausedbydeficientcoldaffectingtheSpleenandStomach.Thetreatmentprincipleistowarmthecenteranddispelthecold.I'llwriteaprescriptionforyou....Hereyouare.P:Thankyou.I'llgoandgettheprescriptionfilledrightaway.D:Cometoseemeagainafteryouhavetakenthemedicine.P:Yes,Iwill.Goodbye!D:Goodbye.医生：您的大便怎样？病人：软的，有时还会腹泻。医生：小便有问题吗？病人：我想没有。医生：最近体重有减轻吗？病人：不，我跟以前一样重。医生：您以前还有别的问题吗？病人：我一向健康状况良好，从没得过什么大病，甚至感冒也没有。医生：您平时吸烟或喝酒的吗或者还有别的什么会影响健康的习惯吗

病人：我不吸烟，但是会喝一点点酒。医生：对于这个病您有没有做过X线或B超检查？病人：有，去年我做过X线检查，医生说我得的是十二指肠溃疡。医生：那在这之前有没有治疗过呢？病人：有，我吃过很多的药，但是没什么用。所以这次我想试试中草药。医生：好的。让我看看您的舌头。然后给您把把脉。嗯，舌紫淡暗，苔薄白，脉沉缓结。根据中医理论，您这种胃痛属于脾胃虚寒证。治疗原则是温中袪寒，我会写张处方给您。...给您。病人：好的，我马上就去抓药。医生：吃完这些药下次再来复诊。病人：是的，再见！医生：再见。D:Goodmorning.What'sthetrouble?P:I'vebeengettingterribleheadachesrecently.D:Isthereanythingelse?P:Yes.SometimesIfeelabitnauseous.Butthat'sit.D:Whendidtheheadacheexactlybegin?P:Abouttwoweeksago.I'vehadslightheadacheonandoffforthelastfewyears,butnonehasbeenasbadasrecently.D:Haveyouevervisitedadoctorortakenanymedicineforit?P:TenyearsagoIwenttothelocalhospitalforacheck-up,theytoldmethatIhadhypertension.FiveyearsagoIwasdiagnosedwithcoronaryheartdiseaseandstayedinhospitalforaboutoneyear,duringwhichIalsotriedsomeTCMherbs.Sincethenthingsseemalright.However,twoweeksagoIhadaurinalysistakenandthetestforproteinuriawaspositive.D:HaveyoueverhadanyotherdiseasesForexample,anyrenaldiseases

P:No.Nothingelse.D:Whatkindofmedicationhaveyouhadinthepast?P:ItookcapotenregularlyandNitroglycerinoccasionally.Theyusedtobehelpful,buttheydon'tworkanymore.Accordingtotheadviceofthedoctor,Iaddedotherantihypertensiondrugs,butitdoesn'tseem...Well,anywaytheydon'twork.D:Whataboutyourbloodpressure?

参考译文医生：早上好。您哪里不舒服？病人：我最近头痛得很厉害。医生：还有别的不舒服吗？病人：有时我还会觉得有点恶心。但就只有这些了。医生：您头痛确切是从什么时候开始的呢？病人：大概两周前。在过去的几年里我反复有轻微的头痛，但不会象最近痛得这么厉害。医生：那您有没有看过医生或者吃过什么药呢？病人：十年前我在当地医院检查，他们能告诉我我有高血压病。五年前我被诊断为冠心病，并因此住了大概一年院，在那期间我也试过中药。之后病情一直比较稳定。然而两周前我做了个尿分析，提示我的尿蛋白是阳性。医生：您既往还有没有别的什么病例如：肾脏方面的疾病呢

病人：没有。医生：您过去接受过什么治疗？病人：我定期服用卡托普利，并偶尔吃硝酸甘油。它们以前都挺管用的，但现在不再起作用了。按照医生的建议，我又加了些降压药，但好像......总之，作用都不大。医生：那您血压控制得怎样？P:Itusedtobearound150/95mmHg.Butrecentlyithasgoneuptoabout200/120mmHg.D:Haveyoutakenanyothertestsrecently?P:Yes.Many,likeurinalysis,bloodtests,chestX-ray,electriccardiogramexamination,ultrasoniccardiogramandevenaCT.I'vebroughtallthereportswithme.Hereyouare.D:Letmehavealook.Yes.Thereissomethingwrongwithyourkidneysandtherenalfunctionisdeteriorating,thoughnotseriously,accordingtotheresultsoftheurinalysisandthebloodtest.ButnothingabnormalwasfoundontheCTofyourkidneys.Letmegiveyouaphysicalexamination....Well,thereisnothingunusual.ButIthinkweneedtodofurtherexamination,otherwise,withoutdefinitediagnosisyourrenalfunctionitmaycontinuetodeteriorate.P:Oh,isthatserious?D:No.It'snot,butwecan'tresolveitifrealcauseisnotfound.P:WhatkindofexaminationshouldItake?D:IlikeyoutohavearenalangiographybyinterventionalRadiologysoastoexaminetherenalartery,becauseaccordingtothedataavailable,Ithinkthatyourhypertensioniscausedbyrenalarterystenosis,whichusuallyresultsinrenovascularhypertension.P:YoumeanIneedanoperation?D:No,notexactly.InterventionalRadiologyisnotsurgeryafterall.病人：以前大概在150/95mmHg，但最近突然升高，都差不多200/120mmHg了。医生：您最近还进行了别的什么检查吗？病人：是的，我最近做了很多检查，象尿分析、血分析、胸部X线、心电图、心脏超声检查，甚至CT。看，我都把所有的检查报告都带来了。医生：让我看看。是的，从尿分析和血分析结果看来，您的肾有点问题，虽然不是很严重，可是肾功能正在衰退。但腹部CT未提示您的肾脏有异常。让我给您做个体格检查。嗯，没发现什么异常的。但我想您需要进一步的检查，否则，如果没有确切的诊断，您的肾功能会持续恶化。病人：哦，那严重吗？医生：不，但是如果真正原因没找到的话我们就不能对症下药了。病人：我需要哪方面的检查呢？医生：我建议您做一个肾血管造影，那样可以检查一下肾动脉。因为从现有的资料看来，我估计您的高血压是由肾动脉狭窄引起，而那常会引起肾性高血压。病人：您是说我需要手术？医生：不，毕竟放射介入治疗不算手术。P:Isitsafe?D:Yes.Itisaminimaltraumaticmethod.P:Isn'tthereanyotheralternative,likeMRI?D:Sorry,I'mafraidnot.Uptonow,interventionalRadiologyisconsideredtobethetopstandardforvascularexamination,especiallyarterialexamination.Besides,subsequenttherapymaybeexploredduringtheoperationifthestenosisofrenalarteryisconfirmed.P:Whatkindoftherapy?D:OncethediagnosisstenosisofrenalarteryisconfirmedusuallydoctorsperformaPTRAorpercutaneoustransluminalrenalangiography.They'llplantametalstentaspartoftheprocedure.PTRAissimplebuteffectiveandsoisconsideredthepreferredtherapyforsecondaryhypertensioncausedbyrenalarterystenosis.P:WillIhavetostayinhospitalI'dreallyprefernotto.D:Isuggestyoustayinthehospitalforatleastaweek.We'llneedtoconfirmyourconditionjustbeforetheoperation.Willthatworkforyou?P:Ok,Let'sgetitoverbeforeholiday.D:Verywell.We'llcontactyousoon.Takecareanddon'tworryabouttheoperation.P:Thanksalot.Goodbye.D:Youarewelcome.病人：安全吗？医生：安全，它只是一种微创的检查方式。病人：有没有别的什么检查方法可以代替的呢，例如MRI?医生：很抱歉，恐怕没有了。到现在为止，放射介入被认为是血管方面检查的金标准，尤其是在动脉方面的检查。而且，如果肾动脉狭窄被证实的话，在检查中我们还会作出相应的治疗。病人：那我需要住院吗？我可是很害怕住院啊。医生：我建议您至少住院一周。我们需要在手术之前对您身体状况作出评估。你意下如何？病人：好的，让我们在假期之前把这解决了。医生：很好，我们很快会跟您联系。不用担心手术的，再见。病人：谢谢，再见。医生：不用谢。P:Hello,doctor.D:Hello,comeinplease!Howareyoufeelingtoday?P:Notgreat.Iwasjustplayingwithmyclassmates,andallofasuddenIfelldown.Myrightelbowhurtsandmyhandisbleeding.Ithappenedreallysuddenly.I'mstillinshock.DoyouthinkI'llbeOk?

D:Letmehavealookatyourarm.IsitstillpainfulWhendidithappen

P:Yes,itis.Ihurtitabouthalfanhourago.D:Wouldyoupleaserollupyoursleaves....That'sfine.That'sit.Sittraight....Nowputyourarmsonyourhips....fine....Nowrestyourarmonmine,that'sright.Ijustwanttofeelunderyourarm...Good.Nowtheotherone....NowwouldyoupleaseliedownLetmeputthispillowunderyourrightshoulder....Nowputyourrightarmoveryourhead.Fine....Dothesamewiththeleft....Good...Getupplease.P:Yes.D:Well,theradialpulseispresent,andthesensationwasintact.Shakemyhandashardasyoucan......Oh!Thestrengthisslightlydiminished.Ithinkwe'dbetterdoanX-ray.P:Canwedothathere?D:No,thenursewilltakeyoutotheX-raydepartment.I'llbethereintenminutes.（Laterwiththeresultoftheexamination）P:HereistheX-rayresult.Isitserious?参考译文病人：您好！医生：您好，请进来。什么事？病人：李医生。刚才我正和同学打羽毛球，突然间我摔倒了，我的右肘很痛，我的手也不停地流血。事出突然，我不知道怎么处理。我很怕伤到我的臂部。您认为我有没有事呢?医生：好，我先检查一下你的手。你的手还痛吗什么时候发生的

病人：还痛啊，半个小时前发生的意外。医生：你能把袖子挽高一点吗......好......就这样。坐直点......把手放在臀部......好......现在把手放在我的臀部，对。我想检查你的肘......好。现在轮到另一边......你现在躺下。把枕头放在右肩下......把右手举过头。好......左手也做同一动作......好......请起来。病人：好的。医生：脉搏、感觉都没事的。出力握住我的手......哦！握力轻微减退。我想您最好拍个片。病人：在这儿拍吗？医生：不，护士会带你到X光室。我马上到那里。（检查结果出来后）病人：您好，医生。这是拍X光片的结果。严重吗？

D:Fromthepicture,youhaveasupracondylarfractureofthetranscondylartype.It'snotseriousbutitwon'tgetbetterofitsownaccord.Ithinkyou'llhaveanoperation.P:ButIhavetogotoschool.I'llhaveafinalexaminamonth.Doctor,pleasehelpme!D:Don'tworry.You'llonlybeinfortendaysorsoandoncetheoperationisover,you'llfeelmuchbetter.ShallIputyouonthewaitinglist?P:Allright.D:I'lltakeyoutotheadmissionsofficeandmakethenecessaryarrangements.Well,beforethatlet'stalkforjustafewminutesaboutyourcondition.I'vealreadywrittentheorderstowatchyoucarefullyforthefirst48hours,andthenurseshouldreporttomeifthehandbecomespainful,cold,pale,dusky,orswollen.Nurse,pleasegivemeasutureset.P:Areyougoingtosewupthewoundonmyhand?D:Yes,justthreestitches,Ithink.Itwon'tbeverypainful,I'llfixyourightup...Okay,itisdone.Thatwasn'tsobad,wasit?P:No,notvery.D:Haveyouhadatetanusshotrecently?P:No.DoIneedone?D:Yes,Tetanusisatypeoftoxemia.Thattoxindiffusesthroughoutthetissuesandinvolvestheneuromusclesend-organs,causingspasm.Massetermusclespasmsareoneoftheearliestsymptoms;themostseriousisthespasmoftherespiratorymuscles.It'sbestifyouhaveit.Haveyouhadthisshotbefore?

医生：从照片上看，你是鹰嘴骨折，看起来象横贯型。不是太严重，但它自己不会好。我想你应该住院做个手术。病人：我要上学啊。一个月后我要期末考了。医生，请您帮帮我！医生：我知道。但是当你的病情需要，你就要到医院来了。一旦手术做完，只需要住十天左右，你就会感觉好多了。要帮你登记轮候住院吗？病人：好吧。医生：我带你到入院办公室，作些必要的安排。好，让我们用几分钟讨论你的病情。我已经下医嘱在两天内密切观察你的病情，如果手变痛了，或变冷、变苍白、暗黑或肿胀了，护士会及时向我汇报。......护士，给我一个缝合包。病人：您打算给我的手缝针吗？医生：是的，我想缝三针。不会很痛的，我会帮你固定好......好，行了，不是太痛吧？病人：不会。医生：你最近打过破伤风疫苗吗？病人：没有。我一定要打吗？医生：是。破伤风是一种毒血症。毒素会播散到各个器官组织，牵涉到神经－肌肉接头部分，引起痉挛。咀嚼肌是最早受累的部分之一，最严重的是呼吸肌痉挛。所以你一定要打。以前打过吗？P:Yes.Ihadoneaboutfiveyearsago.D:Well,Ithinkyou'dbetterhaveanotherone.P:Noproblem.D:PleasecomeagainfivedayslaterandsoIcantakethestitchesout.Don'tworryaboutyourhand.Itisgoingtobefine.Nurse,Payattentiontothesituationofthispatient,andI'llshowyouhowtodoDunlop'straction,assoonashegetsintotheward.Oh,yes.Wewillcontinuethetractionforthreeweeksuntilthefractureishealed,oraftertendays,whenthefragment'sbecomefixedtogether.Thenwecanreplacethetractionbyplasterwiththearminflexion.Feelfreetocontactusifanythinghappens!P:Thankyou,doctor.WhatshouldIdonow?D:First,youshouldgetsomerest,andgetsomeregularsleep.Second,youshouldn'tworryaboutyoursituation.Ishallprescribesomemedicineandtonicforyoutoquietyournervesandincreaseyourenergy.That'sall.P:Ok,doctor.Thanksagain.病人：我五年前曾打过。医生：行，最好还是再打一次......你认为怎样？病人：好的。医生：你真幽默。好，五天后再来，我到时把线拆了，不要担心，这手会完全恢复的。护士，请注意这个病人的情况，病人一入院，就作邓氏牵引。对了，必须牵引3周，直到骨折痊愈了，或者十天后，骨折碎片长在一块了，我们就可以撤掉牵引，用胶板把手固定在半屈位。崔小姐，有什么事请跟我们联系。病人：谢谢医生。我还要注意什么？医生：第一，调整生活规律，要睡眠充足。第二，不必过分担心病情。我开些药和滋补品给你，镇静你的情绪，增加营养。就这样，再见！病人：再次感谢您！再见。肚子痛Sufferfromastomach大夫：请进。你哪里不舒服Doctor:Pleasecomein.Whatseemstobethetrouble病人：肚子不舒服。我想可能是昨晚吃得太多了。Patient:It’smystomach.IthinkprobablyIhadtoomuchatsupperyesterdayevening.大夫：你昨晚吃了些什么，能告诉我吗

Doctor:Canyoutellmewhatyouhadforsupperyesterdayevening病人：海鲜，烤鸭。种类很多，有的我叫不出名儿。Patient:Seafood,roastduck.Oh,agreatvarietyofthings,Ican’tnamethemexactly.大夫：你呕吐过没有Doctor:Haveyouvomitted病人：呕吐过。昨晚吐了三次，还上了好几趟厕所。Patient:Yes,Ihavevomittedthreetimesandmadeseveraltripstothebathroomlastnight.大夫：我明白了。你得做一个大便检查。我给你开一张化验单。你带着化验单到化验室去。检查完后，请把化验报告给我送过来。Doctor:Isee.Nowyouhavetogetyourstoolstested.I’llwriteoutaslipandyoucantakeittothelaboratory.Waitforawhileand