英语 高一 句子成分

英语高一句子成分英语高一句子成分英语高一句子成分xxx公司英语高一句子成分文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度Lesson1句子成分【教学目标】1.复习语法句子成分，掌握句子成分的构成，为长难句的理解打基础。2.新题型讲解—语法填空技巧【教学重点】学会判断句子的各个成分；在不断巩固练习的基础上熟练掌握语法填空的技巧。PART1语法讲解PART1语法讲解定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语，同位语等。主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，通常位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Ineedabook.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.ATrySmokingisbadforhealth.ATry找出下列句子中的主语1.Shewentoutinahurry.2.Tomisverytall.3.Pridegoesbeforeafall.4.Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.2、谓语：描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。由动词，动词短语或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。谓语动词有人称，数，时态和语态的变化。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Sheisreading.Thissongsoundswonderful.Iworkedoutthisproblemunderthehelpofmymathteacher.动词分类：动词的分类：=1\*GB2⑴行为动词：及物动词不及物动词=2\*GB2⑵系动词：be动词和感官动词=3\*GB2⑶情态动词=4\*GB2⑷助动词谓语：=1\*GB2⑴简单谓语HaveATry=2\*GB2⑵复合谓语助动词+主要动词HaveATry情态动词+主要动词找出下列句子中的谓语1.Hiswritingisverybeautiful.2.Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.3.Youshouldtryyourbesttofulfillyourtasks..3、宾语：表示动作的对象。一般由名词（短语）,代词，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语），从句等充当，常置于谓语后。Hewonthegame.Helikesplayingcomputer.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.HaveATryDoyouknowthattherewillbeaconcertofHaveATry找出下列句子中的宾语1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything.3.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearesthospital.4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词(名词短语)，代词，数词，动名词（短语），不定式（短语）或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。Heisastudent.Wearetired.Youlookhappytoday.注意：除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:sound,look,smell,taste,touch,feel,等。2)表转变变化的动词:go,become,turn,grow,get等。HaveATry3)表延续的动词:keep,stay,remainHaveATry找出下列句子中的表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Leavesturnyellowinautumn.4.Foodgoesbadeasilyinsummer.5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。形容词，代词，介词短语，不定式（短语），动名词（短语），分词，从句等均可做定语。单个词作定语通常置于被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语通常置于被修饰词的后面。Theblackbikeismine.（black作定语）TheboyinblueisJim.（inblue作定语）Ihavenothingtodotoday.（nothing作定语）注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something,anyone,everyone,someone等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。HaveATryTheboyswhoareintheroomHaveATryIhavesomethingimportanttotellyounow.找出下列句子中的定语1.Heisacleverboy.2.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.3.Isthereanyoneelsewhowantstogowithme?6、状语：用以修饰动词，位置灵活。它可以表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、程度、和让步等。副词，介词短语，不定式，分词均可做状语。1)、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；Iamverysorry.2)、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth.TheyarewritingEnglishintheclassroom.3)、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Weoftenhelphim.Heisalwayslateforclass.状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix(时间状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（伴随状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）HaveATrySheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步HaveATry找出下列句子中的状语1.Iwillbebackinawhile.2.Theyareplayingontheplayground.3.Onlyinthisway,canyoumakeasuccess.7、补语：补充说明主语和宾语的情况。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语两种，可由名词，形容词，介词短语，分词和不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。Hemademesad.（形容词）Sheasksmetotakeanumbrella.（不定式）Thewarmadehimasoldier.（名词）Ifindhimathome.（介词短语）HaveATryHaveATry找出下列句子中的补语1.Theycalledhimtheprinceofgymnasts.2.Iarrivedathomeverylate,tiredandhungry.3.Hiswordsmadeusangry.8、同位语：在句中对某一成分作进一步的解释，说明，并且与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语，它通常位于名词、代词后面,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。HaveATryTom,ourHaveATryImyselfwilldotheexperiment.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.找出下列句子中的同位语Thenewsthathewonthematchissoexciting.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.主谓宾表定状补七种成分记清楚主谓宾表定状补七种成分记清楚主谓宾表是主干辅助成分定状补定语修饰名或代状语修饰动形副主谓人称要一致宾语之后可有补复习ReviewKeepthisinmindWearefamily!Wearefamily!一．强化训练(一)挑出下列句中的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.(二)挑出下列句中的表语1.Theoldmanfeltverytired.2.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?

2.Iamafraidsomecarelesspeopleforgottosweepthefloor.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.(五)挑出下列句中的状语1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.2.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.PART2新题型讲解PART2新题型讲解语法填空阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__1__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__2__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__3_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_4__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_5__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__6_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__7__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_8__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit__9__(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_10__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.Keys:1.arrived2.before3.its4.which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.living总结：新题型技巧——语法填空题型特征语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，每空1.5分，共15分。部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写其正确形式。不给出提示词的包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词，连词，代词以及副词或名词等。不给提示词的，词数有限制，只填写1个单词。一般来说，给出的提示词较多（5—7个）；考查词形变化的偏多，并且未给出提示词的空处（3—5个）有填实词的考点；挖空一般比较均，所要填空的地方一般不会影响学生对短文的理解。能力要求该题型是考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。技巧点拨1.把握篇章理解。用约一分钟浏览全文，明确大意及整个语境，明确人称和主体时态，此乃做语法填空题的前提。2.处理好两类词的填空。填实词时，先要根据改词在句中的语法成分，确定好词性(名词，动词，形容词，副词等)，再考虑其词形。根据前后意思，还可能填所给词的反义词；填功能词时，要根据上下文之间的联系，空格前后词语的支配关系，词语搭配，以及句子结构的要求，填上所需的功能词。考点设置一．有提示词1.动词（谓语∕非谓语）。给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要填其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语。《常考点》1.谓语：时态，语态，主谓一致2.非谓语：todo,doing,done(1).MsChen__________(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent.(2).IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI________(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(3).AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat____________(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.(4).Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould________(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.(5).Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.(6).Withtheproblem_______(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.(7).IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft________(complete)therest.(8)._________(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13％.(9).Wemustpracticespeakingand________(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.(10).Butitisnotenoughonly________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.Keys:(1).havetaught(2).wastold(3).encourages(4).make(5).receiving(6).solved(7).tocomplete(8).compared(9).writing(10).tomemorize2.名词。给出名词，主要考查名词的单复数变化，名词的可数与不可数。掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。《常考点》名词的单复数(1).Formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.(2).Butagoodteachershowshowtofind_________(answer).(3).Thinkofacomputer:itstoresalotof_________(information).(4).Itisanotherbookofmy________(brother).Keys:changesanswersinformationbrother’s3.形容词，副词。给出形容词副词，首先要考虑形副之间的转换，形容词修饰名词和代词，或与系动词连用；副词主要修饰动词，形容词，副词及整个句子。其次，形容词和副词有比较等级的变化（包括比较级和最高级）。《常考点》1.形容词和副词的词性转换2.比较等级(1)._________(fortunate),Davidpassedthefinalexam.(2).“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid________(rude).(3).Nothingcouldbe_______(sweet).(4).Oneofthe_______(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschool.Keys:Fortunatelyrudelysweeterworst4.词形转换。给出提示词原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。如名词变形容词，动词变形容词，形容词变副词，动词变名词等。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。（注意：分析句意，注意单词否定意义的考查，即需要加词缀）《常考点》词形转换(1).Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_______(patience).(2).Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_______(entertain)field.(3).Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_______(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(4).Thetornadoesdamagedseveral_______(new)builtbuildings.(5).Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery_______(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative.Keys:patiententertainmentcontributionnewlybeneficial二．无提示词1.冠词。名词前无限定词修饰，可考虑用冠词。有时也会出现在序数词，最高级或一些固定搭配中。注意不定冠词a,an和定冠词the的区别。《常考点》1.不定冠词a,an的用法2.定冠词the的用法(1).ThenIwenttothedepartmentstoreandboughther______expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.(2).ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_______firstquestion.(3).Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_________comparativelycheapone.(4).Tom,________8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.(5).HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand______goodmanyotherthings.Keys:antheaana2.介词。当空格后面的名词不作主语，也不作动词的宾语时，应为介词的宾语，固填介词。主要考查一些介词的固定搭配，平常学习中多积累相关短语。《常考点》1.介词的基本用法2.固定搭配(1)._________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2).IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePswereasurepath_______success.(3).“Don’tbealwaysbeparticular_______yourpresentworkandincome.(4).ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong_______constructivecriticism.(5).Thereisnoeasywaytosuccess_______languagelearning.Keys:Attoaboutwithbut3.连词。(从属连词和并列连词)若两个主谓结构之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词。《常考点》1.从属连词（三大从句）2.并列连词A).引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。考查包括：定语从句关系词who,whom,that,which,whose,when,where,why,as;名词性从句引导词：that,if,whether,who,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how,wh-ever等；状语从句引导词：when,if,because,though,until,unless等。(1).Theexam,_______wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(2).Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas_______thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.(3)._______heisrich,hislifeisnothappy.(4).________childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.(5).Therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents______camebacktoChinaafterstudy.Keys:whichwhatThoughUnlesswhoB).并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and,but,or,so等。(1).Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest______Imademyfinaldecision.(2).Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,__________withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.Keys:andbut4.代词。挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。句中却主语，宾语，表语成分可用人称代词；在名词前起限定作用，可用物主代词；反身代词多出现在一些固定短语中。《常考点》1.人称代词2.物主代词3.反身代词(1).________________isnecessarythatheshouldrememberthesewords.(2).Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear_______spoken.(3).Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of_____wereself-fundedstudents.(4).Thelittleboypulled______righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.(5).Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax__________Keys:Ititthemhismyself5.助动词和情态动词。若句子结构较完整，空格后的动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do,does,did等），此时要注意主谓一致。《常考点》助动词do,does,did表疑问，强调或倒装。(1).Peterfailedtheexam.He_____knowitwashisownfault.(2).Mary______havecomehereontime.Shegotuptoolate.Keys:didshould实战演练Withthedevelopmentofindustry，airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious.InShanghai,manypeoplesufferfromdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause1airpollution.Airpollutionis2(main)causedbythefollowingreasons.Abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles(交通工具).Therearemoreandmorecarsandbusesontheroad,3giveoff4(poison)gases.35%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.5factorissmoking.6(smoke)doesharmtoothers’healthaswellasto__7ofthesmokers.Besides,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofightagainstpollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtotake__8placeofgas.Wecanplantmoretrees，grassandflowers.Allinall,ifeverybodyrealizesthe9(important)ofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoppollution,theproblem10(solve).Keys:ofmainlytheypoisonousAnotherSmokingthattheimportancewillbesolvedPART3课后作业PART3课后作业写出下面划线部分的成分并翻译成汉语(2014山东，阅读理解)Ann’sneighborTracyfoundalostdogwanderingaroundthelocalelementaryschool.(2014大纲，阅读理解)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.3.(2014安徽，阅读理解)Youarethecollectorinthegalleryofyourlife.4.(2015新课标1，完形填空)MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpapersaid,“Lostmyjob.Familytofeed.”5.(2015新课标1,完形填空)Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherinneed,