2021年职称英语考试综合类(A)级试题

2021年职称英语考试综合类（A）级试题词汇选项题、Onlypeopleover18areeligibletovote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：只有年满18岁的人才有资格投票。eligible意思是“符合条件的，有资格的"，与qualified（有资格的）意思相近。honest诚实的，坦率的；enabled可行的；clever聪明的，机智的。第2 题、Thelatestcarmodelembodiesthenewresearchdevelopment.A.listsincludesC.borrowsD.broadens我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：最新的汽车模型体现了新的研究进展。embody意思是“体现，包含"，与include（包含，包括）意思相近。list把 列入名单；borrow借；broaden扩宽，开阔。第3 题、ThecoastalareahasverymHdwinter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.A.severeB.hardwarmdry我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：本句意思：沿海地区的冬季非常温和，但中部平原地区的冬季却十分寒冷。mild意思是“温暖的，温和的"，与warm（温暖的）意思相近。severe严峻的,严重的；hard困难的，坚硬的；dry干燥的。第4 题、Sheisanartistwhoseworkwillundoubtedlywithstandthetestoftime.gradeattractbearsuffer我的答案：参考答案：c答案解析：本句意思：她是一位艺术家，毫无疑问，她的作品会经受得住时间的考验。withstand意思是“禁得住，顶得住”，与bear（承受，忍受）意思相近。grade评分，分等级；attract吸引；suffer遭罪，受苦。第5 题、Heworeashabbythinovercoatinthecoldwintersothathefellill.oldbignewsmall我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：大冬天里他穿着一件又旧又薄的外套，所以生了病。shabby意思是“破旧的，衣衫褴褛的"，与。Id（破旧的）意思相近。big巨大的；new新的;small小的。第6 题、Theweatherwassogorgeousthatmanypeoplewentouting.A.uncontrollableB.pleasantC.cloudyD.unbearable我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：天气很好，所以很多人都外出郊游了。gorgeous意思是“极好的,灿烂的"，与pleasant（极好的,宜人的）意思相近。uncontrollable难以控制的;cloudy多云的；unbearable难以忍受的。第7 题、Competitorsmustabidebythejudge'sdecision.keepreadC.understandD.obey我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：本句意思：参赛者必须遵守裁判的决定。abideby意思是“遵守，服从”，与obey（遵守,听从）意思相近。keep保持,留下;read阅读;understand理解,知道。第8 题、Theumbrellawasingeniouslydevisedtofoldupintothepocket.A.seriouslyB.cleverlyattentivelyD.carefully我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：雨伞设计巧妙，可以折叠后放入口袋里。ingeniously意思是“巧妙地，机灵地”，与cleverly（聪明地,巧妙地）意思相近。seriously严重地，严肃地；attentively聚精会神地carefully认真地，小心翼翼地。第9 题、Somenewspapersinthewestarenotablybiased.especiallywhollyC.totallyD.fairly我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：在西方国家，一些报社明显有失偏颇。notably意思是“特别，显著地”，与especially（特别，尤其）意思相近。wholly完全地，全部；totally完全地，总共；fairly相当，公平地。题、His第题、Hisanswerswereobscureandconfusing.A.unclearB.obviousclearD.direct我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：他的回答晦涩难懂，令人费解。obscure意思是“晦涩的，不清楚的"，与unclear（不清楚的）意思相近。obvious明显的；clear清晰的；direct直接的。第11 题、ThewayshelookedafterheryoungsisterwasreallytouchingA.disturbingB.connectingC.movingD.waving我的答案：参考答案：c答案解析：本句意思：她照顾妹妹的方式令人感动。touching意思是“令人动容的，感动的"，与moving（令人感动的）意思相近。disturbing令人烦扰的；connecting连接的；waving摇动的，波浪状的。第12题、第12areworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.stablesuitablechangeableD.adaptable我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：本句意思：我们很担心这个充满未知的动荡局势。fluid意思是“流动的，不稳定的"，与changeable（易变的，不稳定的）意思相近。stable稳定的，牢固的；suitable合适的；adaptable可适应的，适应性强的。第13题、Theyhavebuiltcanalstoirri、ate第13decoratechangevisitwater我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：本句意思：他们修筑运河来灌溉荒漠。irrigate意思是“灌溉"，与water（浇灌，浇水）意思相近。decorate装饰；change改变，变化；visit参观，访问。第14 题、Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：这件道具服装在许多细微之处制作得十分逼真。authentic意思是“真实的，逼真的"，与real（真实的，逼真的）意思相近。outstanding杰出的，突出的；creative富有创造力的；false错误的，假的。第15 题、Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.A.clothesB.haircutC.purseD.necklace我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思:这身新衣服很适合她。garment意思是“服装,衣服”,与clothes（衣服）意思相近。haircut理发，发型；purse钱包;necklace项链。阅读判断IncomeTaxFormanyyoungAmericans,graduatingfromcollegemeansfindingajob,movingoutofthedormroomandbeginningtoregisterone'sannualearningswiththeUSgovernment.Thatlastitemisthelaw,thoughsometimesit'sahassle（难事）toobey.IndependenttaxadvisorBobGilbertcallstheUSincometaxsystemz/amazinglycomplicated”.Butheaddsthat"verylittleofthecomplicatedtaxlawappliestoyoungpeoplewhoarejustbeginningtheircareers”.AccordingtoGilbert,80to90percentofAmericansarenotreallyburdenedbythesystem'scomplications.Still,allthenumbersandformscanbealittleconfusingtothosewhoarejuststartingtheircareers.Somepullouttheircalculatorsandtrytodothemathalone.Someuseincometaxsoftware.OthersjusthandthewholeresponsibilityovertotaxfirmslikeGilbert's.AccordingtoincometaxlawexpertLindaBeale,youngpeoplewilloftenfollowtheirparents'leadwhenfillingtheirincomeforms.“Youngpeoplewhogrowupinwealthyhouseholdstypicallyuseprofessionaltaxservicesbecausetheirparentshavealwaysdoneso,〃saidBeale,aprofessoratWayneStateUniversityinMichiganState.〃0ntheotherhand,mostpooreryoungpeopleprobablytrytodotheirowntaxes,unlesstheywantaquick'refund'withthehelpofataxadvisor.”Infact,obeyingthelawhasitsbenefits.Forone,manyyoungpeoplecanexpectataxrefund.Thismeansthat,overthecourseoftheyear,theyhavepaidtoomuchinmonthlyfederalorstatetaxesandareentitledtothedifference.BobThalman,a20-year-olduniversitystudent,expectshewillgetarefundofabout$100,whichwillprobablygointhebank,orperhapsbeusedtopayforcarinsuranceorcreditcardbills.Thalmancalledthewholeprocessa"hassle”,butaddedthathedidn'twanttotestthelawbynotfillinghisincometaxpapers."I'mworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenifIfailedtofile,〃hesaid.“Iknowoneindividualwhodidnotreporthisincometaxformanyyears,andhe'snowinfederalprison.Icertainlydon'twantthat.”第16 题、Acollegestudentwithapart-timejobisnotrequiredtofileanincometaxform.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned我的答案：参考答案：c答案解析：本句意思：大学生做兼职工作不需要申报所得税。与纳税对象有关的内容在第一段中，根据“FormanyyoungAmericans,graduatingfromcollegemeansfindingajob,movingoutofthedormroomandbeginningtoregisterone'sannualearningswiththeUSgovernment.”可知，大学毕业生在搬出宿舍、找到工作后，需要向政府申报所得税。但是文中并未提及做兼职的大学生是否要交税，故选C。第17 题、TheUSincometaxsystemdoesnotwhollyapplytoacollegegraduatewhoisjustbeginninghisorhercareer.RightWrongNotmentioned我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：美国所得税体制并不完全适用于一个刚刚开始工作的大学毕业生。根据第三段中的"verylittleofthecomplicatedtaxlawappliestoyoungpeoplewhoarejustbeginningtheircareersw可知,这项复杂的税率体制很少适用于那些刚参加工作的年轻人。题干叙述正确，故选A。第18 题、It'sprettyeasyforabeginnertoreporthisorherincometax.RightWrongNotmentioned我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：申报所得税对于一个新手来说是件很容易的事。根据第三段中的averylittleofthecomplicatedtaxlawappliestoyoungpeoplewhoarejustbeginningtheircareers可知，这项复杂的税率体制很少适用于那些刚参加工作的年轻人；此外，根据第四段第一句"Still,allthenumbersandNrmscanbealittleconfusingtothosewhoarejuststartingtheircareers.”可知，很多年轻人仍搞不明白申报所得税的数目与表格，所以这也是一件让他们有些费解困惑的事。题干叙述错误，故选B。第19 题、Whenyoungpeoplefiletheirincometaxforms,theywilloftenfollowintheirparents'footsteps.RightWrongNotmentioned我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：年轻人呈报所得税申请表时，他们往往会学他们父母那样做。由第五段中的“youngpeoplewilloftenfollowtheirparentsrleadwhenfillingtheirincomeforms”可知，许多年轻人在填写收入表格时,都会听从父母的指导。此外，根据第六段中的"Youngpeoplewhogrowupinwealthyhouseholdstypicallyuseprofessionaltaxservicesbecausetheirparentshavealwaysdoneso”可知，家庭富裕的年轻人一般都会咨询专业的税务顾问，因为他们的父母就是这么做的。题干叙述正确，故选A。第20 题、Youngpeoplefrompoorerfamiliesneedn'tfiletheirincometaxforms.RightWrongNotmentioned我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：家庭贫困的年轻人不需要申报所得税。文章第七段提到，家庭贫困的年轻人只能自己申报所得税，他们没办法像家庭富裕的年轻人那样咨询专业税务顾问，说明家庭贫困的年轻人也是要交税的。题干叙述错误，故选B。第21 题、Ifonehasfailedtoreporthisorherincometaxforquiteafewyears,heorshemaybeputinprison.RightWrongNotmentioned我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：如果一个人好几年都没有申报自己的所得税，那么他或她有可能被抓进监狱。根据最后一段最后两句"Iknowoneindividualwhodidnotreporthisincometaxforman),years,andhe'snowinfederalprison.Icertainlydon'twantthat.”可知，BobThalman害怕自己因不交税而像他认识的一个人那样被抓进监狱。说明好几年不交税有可能要坐牢。题干叙述正确，故选A。第22 题、TheUSincometaxsystemwillbesimplifiedinthenextfewyears.RightWrongNotmentioned我的答案：参考答案：c答案解析：本句意思：在未来几年，美国将简化所得税体制。短文主要介绍了美国的所得税体制以及年轻人是通过何种方式完成这一“难办的”申报过程的，但并未提及美国会简化这一体制，故选C。概括大意与完成句子1Ahundredyearsagothisweek,agiganticexplosionripped（撕裂）openthedawnskyaboveaforestinwesternSiberia,leavingascientificriddlethatendurestothisday.Adazzlinglightpiercedtheheavens,followedbyashockwaveasstrongas1,000atomicbombs.Theexplosionflattened80milliontreesacrossanareaof2,000squarekilometers.Thefireballwassogreatthat,adaylater,Londonerscouldreadtheirnewspapersunderthenightsky.Whatcausedtheso-calledTunguskaEvent,namedafterthenearbyPodkamennayaTunguskariver,stillremainsamystery.Expertssuspectitwasarockthat,aftertravelinginspaceformillionsofyears,wasdestinedtocrashtoEarthatexactly7:17a.m.onJune30,1908.Thispossibilityworriesscientists./zImagineanunspottedasteroid（小行星）hittingasignificantchunk（块）ofland...andimagineifthatarea,unlikeTunguska,werepopulated,theBritishsciencejournalNaturecommentedrecently.Butnofragmentsofthe"rock"haveeverbeenfound.Findingsuchevidencewouldbeimportant,foritwouldincreaseourknowledgeabouttheriskposedbydangerousNearEarthObjects（NEOs）,sayItalianresearchersLucaGasperini,EnricoBonattiandGiuseppeLongo.WhenthenextTunguskaNEOapproaches,scientistswillhavetodecidewhethertotrytodeflect（使偏转）itorblowitupinspace.However,severalrivaltheoriesfortheTunguskaEventexist.WolfgangKundt,aprofessoratGermanyrsBonnUniversity,believestheTunguskaEventwascausedbyamassiveescapeof10milliontonsofmethane（甲烷）-richgasfromdeepwithinearth'scrust.Somepeopleholdthattheexplosionwascausedbyanalienspaceshipcrash,orablackholeintheuniverse.23-26选项CompetingExplanationsUnknownAttacksMysteriousExplosionStarWarImportanceofFindingEvidenceExplanationthatWorriesScientists27-30选项hasremainedapuzzlelackssufficientevidenceisauniversityprofessorwasgeneratedbytheexplosionwillkillmanyanimalsareattackedbyaliens第23 题、Paragraph2我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：第二段主要描述了通古斯爆炸事件的场面和这样命名此次事件的原因，并且说到爆炸的原因仍然成谜，故选C。第24 题、Paragraph3我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：F答案解析：第三段主要介绍了科学家们怀疑爆炸是由陨石撞击地球造成的，并且他们很担心如果类似事件发生在人口密集的区域，后果将不堪设想，故选F。第25 题、Paragraph4我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：E答案解析：第四段首先提到，科学家们没有找到任何由陨石撞击地球造成的碎屑或线索，接着又说找到证据就能加深人们对近地天体的认识与了解。本段主要强调了找到爆炸事件证据的重要性，故选E。第26 题、Paragraph5我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：第五段提到其他有关通古斯爆炸事件的解释，有些科学家认为此次爆炸是由大量甲烷气体从地壳中泄漏引起的，有些则认为是由外星人的飞船撞击造成的，各种意见争执不下，故选A。第27 题、Thegiganticexplosionthatoccurredahundredyearsago.我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：本句意思：一百年前发生的这场大爆炸o可定位到文章第一段，根据“Ahundredyearsagothisweek,agiganticexplosionrippedopenthedayaboveaforestinwesternSiberia,leavingascientificriddlethatendurestothisday.”可知，这场一百年前的大爆炸破坏力巨大，即便到今天仍旧是个谜，riddle对应选项A中的puzzle,故选A。第28 题、Theshockwavewhichfollowedthedazzlinglight.我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：本句意思：闪光之后的冲击波。根据文章第二段第一句"Adazzlinglightoierlcedtheheavens,followedbyashockwaveasstrongas1,000atomicbombs."可知，闪光和冲击波都是由大爆炸造成的，故选D。第29 题、ThehypothesisthattheexplosionwascausedbyarockcollidingwiththeEarth我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：爆炸是由陨石撞击地球造成的假设o文章第三、四段出现相关内容，根据第四段第一句话"Butnofragmentsofthe'rock'haveeverbeenfound（科学家们未找到任何“陨石”的碎屑）.”可知，这项假设缺乏足够证据，故选B。第30 题、WolfgangKundt,whohasdevelopedanalternativetheory,.我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：本句意思：WolffgangKundt提出了另一个理论，他.文章第五段出现该人名，并且根据"WolfgangKundt,aprofessoratGermany'sBonnuniversity”可知，他是德国波恩大学的一位教授，故选C。阅读理解SportsStarYaoMingIfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）andholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity（名气）.Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.PeopleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess（杰出的才能）butalsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft（选拔），hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough-noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful（难对付的人）foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture（骨折）inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder（震动）spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess.WesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefits,althoughnewresearchfromtheuniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair.“ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,〃YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing."It'sbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatit'sshortonscience.”第31 题、Theword"towering"inParagraph1means.largefattallgreat我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：词义猜测题。由第一段"IfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.”可知,如果姚明不是世界上最闪耀的球星，那他一定是最高的那个。此外，第一段都在强调他的身高，且根据tower（塔）一词也可联想到“（像塔一样）高耸的"，故选C。第32 题、OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis.mobilityassaultdefenseD.celebrity我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：事实细节题。定位到文章第三段第二句，根据"Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough-noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandfulforopponentsoneitherendofthecourt.”可知，姚明在场上的优势很明显，没有哪个和他身高一样的NBA球星有这样的灵活性，所以才会让对手觉得很难对付。第33 题、YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause.hisrightfoothadbeenhurtinghewantedtomakeamorerapidrecoveryC.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailurehecouldn'taffordallthemedicalexpenses我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：事实细节题。姚明受伤有关的内容在文章第五段。根据第五段第一句“…heunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess.“可知,姚明接受一系列传统中医治疗是为了加快脚伤的恢复进程，故选B。题、第34题、WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?HemissedtheAthensOlympics.HeisanNBAplayer.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.Heisaninternationalfigure.我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的"heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）n可知，姚明是NBA球员，故B正确。根据第三段中的“whatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizen”可知，姚明对于火箭队的价值就在于他是全球范围内的名人，故D正确。根据第四段中的"YaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfractureinhisleftfootv可知，他左脚骨折，故C也正确。他错过的是剩下的NBA赛季以及可能错过北京奥运会，并没有提到他错过了雅典奥运会，故本题选A。第35 题、Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis.indifferentpositiveC.negativeD.doubtful我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句"WesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefits…”可知，他们大都对此持怀疑态度，skeptical和选项D中的doubtful是同义词，故选D。BlackHolesTriggerStarstoSelf-destructScientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassive（超大质量的）blackholesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatcometooclose.Theblackhole'sgravitypullsharderonthenearestpartofthestar,animbalancethatpullsthestarapartoveraperiodofminutesorhours,onceitgetscloseenough.Scientistssaythisunevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.Thestrainoftheseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosionpowerfulenoughtodestroythestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartandJean-PierreLuminetoftheObservatoiredeParis（巴黎天文台）inMeudon,France,carriedoutcomputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchanunfortunatestar'slife,asitveered（改变方向）towardsasupermassiveblackhole.Whenthestargetscloseenough,theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancake（薄饼）shape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityandtemperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggerintensenuclearreactionsthatwouldtearitapart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbecomplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflatteningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail,andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded,theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion."Therewillbeanexplosionofthestar—itwillbecompletelydestroyed,Brassartsays.Althoughtheexplosionobliterates（使消失）thestar,itsavessomeofthestar'smatterfrombeingdevoured（吞没）bytheblackhole.Theexplosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestar'smatteroutoftheblackhole'sreach,hesays.Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmayalreadyhavebeenobserved,althoughatamuchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart,itsmatterstartsswirling（旋转）intotheholeitself.Itheatsupasitdoesso,releasingultravioletlightandX-rays.Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode,thentheycouldinprincipleallowtheseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage,saysJulesHalpernofColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,US."Itmaymakeitpossibletoseethedisruptionofthatstarimmediatelyifitgetshotenough,〃hesays.第36 题、Whatwouldtakeplaceifastargetstooclosetoablackhole?Thestarwouldveerawayfromtheblackhole.Theblackholewouldreduceitsownsizeconsiderably.Theflatteningprocesswouldreducethestar'sdensity.Theblackholewouldripthestarapart.我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：事实细节题。根据文章第一段第一句aScientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatcometooclose.”可知,黑洞会毁灭靠近它的天体,故D正确。第37 题、AccordingtoParagraph3,researchersdifferedinthelikelihoodofgenerating.stardensitynuclearexplosionC.shockwavesD.theunevenforces我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：推理判断题。文章第三段主要说明了两种研究结论，它们就是否会产生核爆炸的可能性产生分歧。根据第三段中的第二句和第三句"Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityandtemperature---Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbecomplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflatteningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.”可知，先前的研究认为引力导致的扁平状会让天体内部密度、温度增加，从而引发核反应爆炸，而其他研究认为天体在变扁平的过程中会受到冲击波的影响，不会有爆炸产生，故B正确。第38 题、AccordingtoParagraph4,thenewsimulationsfavored.thecreationofanewstartheformationofanewblackholeanuclearexplosiontheenlargementofthestar我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：事实细节题。根据文章第四段第一句"Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail,andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded,theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion.”可矢口,新的模拟实验详细地研究了冲击波的影响，实验发现即便将产生的影响包括在内，还是很有可能产生核爆炸，所以新的模拟实验偏向于产生核爆炸这一可能性，故选C。第39 题、Whatissupposedtohappenseveralmonthsaftertheexplosionofthestar?Thestar*smatterwillmovefurtherawayfromtheblackhole.Theblackhole'smatterwillheatup.Thetornstar'smatterwillswirlintotheblackhole.TheblackholewilldevourultravioletlightandX-rays.我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：事实细节题。根据第五段第二句"Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart,itsmatterstartsswirlingintotheholeitself.可知，天体爆炸几个月后，星体的物质会被吸入黑洞中，故选Co第40 题、Theword"disruption"inParagraph6means.A.eruptiontearingapartinterruptionflattening我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：推理判断题。全文主要介绍了黑洞强大的引力会吸引靠近的天体，引发天体内部核反应、爆炸，从而导致天体的自毁。题目中的serf-destruct和文章的tearapart都是disruption（分解，毁坏）的近义词,故选B。Don'tRelyonIndirectEvidenceConservationistsmaybemiscalculatingthenumbersofthethreatenedanimalssuchaselephants,sayAfricanandAmericanresearchers.Theerroroccursbecauseofaflawinthewaytheyestimateanimalnumbersfromthepilesofdung（粪）thecreaturesleavebehind.Themistakecouldleadresearcherstothinkthattherearetwiceasmanyelephantsastherereallyareinsomeregions,accordingtoAndrewPlumptreoftheWildlifeConservationSociety（WCS）inNewYork.BiologistKatyPayneofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,agrees."Wereallyneedtoknowelephantnumbersandtheevidencethatwehaveisquiteindirect,〃saysPayne,whoelectronicallytrackselephants.CountingelephantsfromaeroplanesisimpossibleinthevastrainforestsofCentralAfrica.Soresearchersoftenestimateelephantnumbersbycountingdungpilesinagivenarea.Theyalsoneedtoknowtherateatwhichdungdecays.Becauseit'sextremelydifficulttodeterminetheserates,however,researcherstallying（统计）elephantsinoneregiontendtorelyonstandarddecayratesestablishedelsewhere.ButresearchersattheWCShavefoundthatthisdecayratevariesfromregiontoregiondependingontheclimateandenvironment.Usingthewrongvaluescanleadthecensusastray（歧途），saysPlumptre.HeandhiscolleagueAnthonyChifuNchanjistudieddecayingelephantdungintheforestsofBanyany一一Mbowildlifesanctuary（禁猎区）inSouthwestCameroon.Theyfoundthatthedungdecayedbetween55and65percentmoreslowlythandungintherainforestsofneighbouringGabon.IfresearchersusedecayratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroon,theywouldprobablyfindmoreelephantsthanareactuallyaround.ThiscouldmeanestimatesinCameroonareatleasttwiceashighasthosederivedfromdecayratescalculatedlocally,saysPlumptre.〃Howeveraccurateyourdungdensityestimateis,thedecayratecanseverelyaffecttheresult.”Plumptrealsosaysthatthedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutoveraregionsimilarinsizetoanelephant,snaturalrange.Theusualtechniqueofmonitoringonlysmall,protectedareasdistortsnumbersbecauseelephantsmoveinandoutoftheseregions,hesays,“iftheelephantpopulationincreaseswithintheprotectedarea,youcannotdeterminewhetheritisarealincreaseorwhetheritisduetoelephantsmovinginbecausetheyarebeingpoached（偷猎）outside.〃Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoplagueotheranimalcensusstudiesthatrelyonindirectevidencesuchasnests,tracksorburrows（地洞）.第41 题、Thewordz/threatened^inParagraph1means.endangeredfrightenedkilledangered我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：词义猜测题。threatened的词根threat是“威胁，受到危险”的意思，所以threatened意思就是“受到危险的，受到威胁的"，与endangered（濒危的）意思相近，故选相frightened害怕的；killed被杀死的；angered激怒（anger的过去式和过去分词）。第42 题、Thewayelephantnumbersareestimatedis.A.technicalB.theoreticalC.unhelpfulD.mistaken我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：推理判断题。文章第五段提到“Usingthewrongvaluescanleadthecensusastray（使用错误的数值会导致数量普查偏离正道）”，而且第一段和第二段中的“error”“mistake”等词都表明这种间接的研究证据是有误的，大象的数量不能通过它们的粪便数量来估测。因为衰变率不同，会造成很大误差，故选D。第43 题、Countingpilesofelephantdungisnotreliablebecausetheydifferinsizeshapetracklocationdecayrate我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：事实细节题。根据文章倒数第四段第三句"IfresearchersusedecayratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroon,theywouldprobablyfindmoreelephantsthanareactuallyaround.”可知，如果研究衰变率，那么实际上会发现有更多大象。在文章倒数第三段中，Plumptre说到“Howeveraccurateyourdungdensityestimateis,thedecayratecanseverelyaffecttheresult（不论粪便密度估计的多么准确，衰变率也会严重影响其效果）”。由此可知，研究者认为大象的数量不能通过它们的粪便数量来估测，因为衰变率不同，会造成很大误差，故选D。第44 题、AccordingtoPlumptre,adung-pilecensusshouldbeconductedina.A.naturalrangeB.smallregionC.protectedareaD.monitoredplace我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句话中的“thedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutoveraregionsimilarinsizetoanelephantrsnaturalrangev可知，粪便数量的统计范围应该选取与大象数量种群相近的地区。根据倒数第二段最后一句话"Iftheelephantpopulationincrea.seswithintheprotectedarea…becausetheyarebeingpoachedoutside.”可知，即便保护区内的大象数量增加，也分不清是真的增长了还是因为入侵偷猎转移进来的。由此可知，调查区应该符合象群自然栖息活动的范围，故选A。第45 题、Inmakingananimalcensusstudy,Plumptreadvisesresearchersnottorelyon.A.monitoringtechniquesB.electricaldevicesC.aeroplanesD.indirectevidence我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：推测理解题。根据最后一段"Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoaffectotheranimalcensusstudiesthatrelyonindirectevidencesuchasnests,tracksorburrows.”可知，和利用粪便数量来估测象群数量一样，Plumptre认为依靠间接的研究证据，例如动物的巢穴、踪迹和地洞，也会导致普查其他动物数量时产生误差。由此可知，间接的实验证据是不可取的，故选D。补全短文SaunaCeremonial（仪式性的）bathinghasexistedforthousandsofyearsandhasmanyforms,oneofwhichisthesauna.TheFinnshaveperfectedthesteambath,orsauna,whichmaybetaken,usuallyinanenclosedroom,bypouringwateroverhotrocksorasadryheatbath._46_DryheatandsteambathshadadvocatesinancientRomeandpre-ColumbianAmericansusedsweatlodges.Theearliestsaunaswereprobablyundergroundcavesheatedbyafirethatnaturallyfilledwithsmokeaschimneymakingwasunknownatthattime.Afirekeptinafire-pitwouldheattherockwallsofthecave.Afterreachingfullheat,thesmokewasletoutofthecaveandthestoneswouldretainheatforseveralhours._47_Todaymostsaunasuseelectricstoves,althoughgasandwood-burningstovesareavailable.Saunasarerelaxingandstressrelieving.Thosewithmuscleachesorarthritis（关节炎）mayfindthattheheatrelaxesmusclesandrelievespainandinflammation（炎症）.Asthma（气喘）patientsfindthattheheatenlargesairpassagewaysofthelungandfacilitatesbreathing.Saunasdonotcurethecommoncoldbuttheymayhelptoalleviatecongestion（阻塞）andspeedrecoverytime._48_Thesaunacouldbeconsideredtofollowtheoldsaying"starveacold,feedafever”,Theregularuseofasaunamaydecreasethelikelihoodofgettingacoldinthefirstplace.Saunaisgoodforyourskinasthebloodflowtotheskinincreasesandsweatingoccurs.Adultssweatabout2lbsofwaterperhouronaverageinasauna.Agoodsweatremovesdirtandgrimefromporesandgivestheskinahealthyglow.Thelossinwaterweightistemporaryasthebody'sphysiologicalmechanismswillquicklyrestorepropervolumes._49—Heartratemayincreasefrom72beatsperminuteonaverageto100-150beatsperminute.Anormalheartcanhandlethesestressesbutthosewithhearttroublewishingtobegintouseasaunashouldseekadoctor'sadvice.Theelderlyandthosewithdiabetesshouldcheekwiththeirdoctorpriortobeginningtotakesaunas._50_Indeed,everyonejuststartingoutshouldtakeshortsessionsatfirsttobecomeaccustomedtothistypeofbath.Anextralargesaunaandsteamroomcanbeusedforplayerstorelaxin.Thecardiovascular（心血管的）systemgetsaworkoutastheheartmustpumpharderandfastertomovebloodtothesurfaceforheatexchange.TheJapanese,Greeks,TurksandRussiansaswellasNativeAmericanshaveformsofthesweatbathintheirbathingrituals.Thebody'scoretemperatureusuallyrisesa1-2degreeswhileinthesauna,thusimitatingaslightfever.Pregnantwomenshouldnottakesaunas,particularlyinthefirstthreemonths.Afewpeopletodaysaythatthesmokesauna,“savusauna”,istheonlytruesaunaexperienceandthatallsaunassh