Unit 1 单元语法练习-主谓一致学案- 高一上学期英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册（有答案）

译林版必修第二册unit1单元语法练习--主谓一致语法感知感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．Actually，thefilmyouseeonthescreenistheproductofahugeamountofhardwork，mostofwhichtakesplacebehindthescenes.2．Theseareoftenaddedafterascenehasbeenshotandmightnotbemadeinthewayyouwouldexpect.3．AnotheraspectIattachgreatimportancetoisvisualspecialeffects.4．HetalkedtohistorianstoensurethatthedetailswerecorrectandevenwentdowntothebottomoftheAtlanticOceantoseewhatwasleftoftheshipforhimself.5．Theyhaveworkedformonthsandevenyearssothatyoucanhavetwohoursofenjoyment!6．JustasthepoorpassengersontherealTitanicsawthetipoftheiceberg，whatweseeonthecinemascreenisjustthetipofthehugeicebergoffilm­making.1．当主语为第三人称单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式。如句2中的从句和句3。2．当主语为复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。如句2的主句、句4和句5。3．当主语为不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如句1中的从句。4．名词性从句在句中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如句6。语法精析主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。英语中的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况：一、语法结构的一致1．由连词and或both...and...连接的两个并列成分作主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。BothTomandhisyoungerbrotherhavepassedtheexam.汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。注意：(1)当and连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。Thepeasantandwriterismakingaspeechinthemeetingroom.那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。(2)主语后有with，togetherwith，like，but，aswellas，except，including，ratherthan，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。2．两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，manya等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。Eachstudentandeachteacherwasgivenaticket.每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.所有人都在工作。Manyadeskandmanyabenchistobetakenoutofthehall.许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。3．在正式的文体中，由notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。therebe句式也是如此。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhasn’tcome.学生和老师都没来。Neitherthechildrennorthemotherlikesthiskindofmusic.孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。EitheryouorIamtoblame.你或我该受责备。Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。二、意义一致原则1．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Twomilesistoofarforthechild.两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。2．集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。Ourclassisbetterthananyotherclassatplayingfootballinourschool.在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体)Hisfamilyarewaitingforhimtocomebackfromabroad.他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)3．当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthemissingchild.警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。4．不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something，noone，nobody，nothing，each，theother，either，neither等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Sinceeveryoneishere，let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。5．代词none作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。Noneofthemknows/knowtheanswers.他们中没有人知道答案。Noneoftheinformationabouthimhasbeenreceived.没收到一点关于他的消息。6．专有名词作主语表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。OneThousandandOneNightstellspeoplelotsofmysteriousfolklore.《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。TheUnitedNationsplaysanimportantroleintheinternationalaffairs.联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。7．不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Howtosolvetheproblemistobediscussedatthemeeting.如何解决这个问题将在会上讨论。Whetherhewillhelpusdoesn’tmattertoomuch.他是否帮我们关系不大。Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。三、名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数1．当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。Aboutthreefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiswater.地球表面大约四分之三是水。About50percentofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。2．由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.(Busesofthisnewkindarenowonshow.)现在正展出这种新型的公共汽车。Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.必须克服各种各样的困难。Aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelecturerswasscheduledforthenextweekend.讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。3．anumberof(许多)，avarietyof(各种各样的)和agroupof(一群，一组)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。但是thenumberof(……的数目)和thevarietyof(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。试比较：Anumberofstudentsarefromthesouth.许多学生来自南方。Thenumberofstudentsfromthesouthislarge.来自南方的学生数量很多。Avarietyoftoysareonsaleinthatshop.那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshopissurprising.那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。4．aquantityof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；aquantityof后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantitiesof后无论接复数名词还是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。Alargequantityofmilkwaswastedatthattime.那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。Greatquantitiesoffisharecaughtinthedeepsea.在深海处抓了很多鱼。5．“manya＋单数名词”和“morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但要遵循语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数。Manyachildwasplayingintheshadeofthetree.许多孩子在树荫下玩耍。Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.许多学生通过了考试。6．(1)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。(2)在“oneof＋复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词复数；the(only)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词单数。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewritteninFrench.这是用法语写的书中的一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。四．练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．—Haveyouheardaboutthatcaraccidentneartheschool?—Yes，luckilynoone---------(hurt)．2．—Whywereyoulate，Jim?—Becausethere_________(be)alotoftrafficwhenIcamehere.3．—IsawTom’sfatherboughtlotsofbooksyesterday.—That’snotstrange.NotonlyTombutalsohisfather______(enjoy)reading.4．BothMikeandI_____(be)readyforthenewhighschoollife.5．Thispairofshoes_______(make)byhand，anditfeelsverycomfortable.6．Mysisterwithmyparents______(make)dumplingswhenIgothomeyesterday.7．It’ssaidthattwothirdsofthewateraroundtheworld________(be)polluted.8．Smogandhazeisakindofairpollution.It_______(make)peopleworryabouttheirhealth.9．NeitherLilynorLucy______(like)listeningtoBeijingOpera，whiletheirparentsdo.10．Thenumberofthevolunteersinourcity___2,000.Andsixtypercentofthem___teachersandstudents.(be)1.washurt2was3enjoys4are5ismade6wasmaking7is/hasbeen8makes9likes10is;areⅡ.完成句子11.不仅杰克，我也为足球赛着迷。______________________________________12.大约五分之三的陆地被树木和草覆盖。______________________________________13.4000美元是一笔巨款，但远远低于我们想要的水平。______________________________________14.在这所特殊的学校，这个没有父母的孩子受到老师很好的照顾。______________________________________15.艾丽斯和她的同学上周因违反校规而受到惩罚。______________________________________11．NotonlyJackbutalsoIamcrazyaboutthefootballmatch.12．Aboutthreefifthsofthelandiscoveredwithtreesandgrass.13．4,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney，butitisfarlessthanwhatwewant.14．Thechildwithoutparentsistakengoodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.15．Alice，togetherwithherclassmates，waspunishedforbreakingtheschoolruleslastweek.Ⅲ.篇章语法填空Thirtyyears1_____(be)notalongperiodinhistory，buteverymanandeverywoman2._________(change)alotinthepastthirtyyears.WhenitcomestothedevelopmentofChina，noneofus3._________(doubt)thateitherthesurroundingsorthepolicy4._______(benefit)usagreatdeal.Withthirtyyears’development，China，alongwithitspeople,5.________(stand)higheronthestageoftheworld.Althoughthere6._______(exist)anenvironmentalproblemandotherones，likehousingandcrimes，thepublic7.______(have)astrongbeliefthattomorrowwillbebetter.Whetherwecanrealizeourdream8.________(depend)onourowneffort.Toconstructourcountry9.______(be)agreathonour，sonotonlyyoubutalsoI10._______(be)th