Unit1 People of Achievement Learning About Language 知识点 人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

PAGEUnit1PeopleofAchievementLearningAboutLanguage非限制性定语从句观察上面的句子,并类比填空。1.Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.2.LastweekwetravelledtoBeijing,wheretherearemanyplacesofinterest.一、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是指在复合句中对某些名词、代词或主句等被修饰部分作进一步说明的定语从句。在一般情况下,非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开,在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。*Thefarmer,whoisverypessimistic,saysthattherewillbenofruitsthisyear.这个农民非常悲观,他说今年将没有收成。*HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworld-famous?你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。*Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittletense,whichwasunderstandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。*Thereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.小厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,常用forwhich代替why。(3)引导非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时,也不可省略。1.who,whom,whose引导的非限制性定语从句。(1)关系代词who,whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom作宾语;介词后用whom,不用who。(3)whose作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+ofwhom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+ofwhich。*Ourguide,whowasaFrenchCanadian,wasanexcellentcook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长烹调。*MrSmith,fromwhomIhavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那里学了很多东西。*Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌子上的书是我们的奖品,书的封皮很亮。【知识延伸】非限制性定语从句关系词用法说明who,whom,whose,which指人时可用who(主语),whom(宾语),whose(定语);指物时可用which(主语或宾语),whose(定语)when,where,when指时间;where指地点,它们都在句中作状语asas引导非限制性定语从句时,常指代整个主句,有“正如”之意(代词+)介词+which/whom有时,根据句意,关系代词which或whom前可以有代词和介词,如mostofwhich,noneofwhom等用who,whom和whose填空。(1)(2020·天津高考)Dr.Rowan,whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

(2)PleasegivethebooktoJessica,whomwemetinthehalljustnow.(3)Thefamousbasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.2.which,as的用法。(1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。*Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。*Ourcountryhassentupanotherman-madeearthsatellite,asisreportedinthepapers.报纸上报道,我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。(2)as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。项目aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义正如这,那*IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》,这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。*Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如所报道的那样,仅仅一年的时间,吸烟者的数量下降了17%。用which和as填空。(1)(2018·江苏高考)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.(2)(2020·天津高考)Asisknowntous,nothingcanbeachievedwithoutdedicationandfrustration.3.when,where的用法。(1)关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词+which”。*We’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能会更好。*OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你能听到好听的音乐。*IleftonSunday,when/onwhicheveryonewasathome.我星期日离开的,当时人人都在家。用适当的关系副词填空。(1)By16:30,whenwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.(2)Theyreachedthereyesterday,whereanimportantmeetingwillbeheld.

4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。在“介词+关系代词”中,关系代词用whom指人,用which指物。*Heworkedinacarfactoryforfouryears,afterwhichhefoundedhisowncompanyinhishometown.他在一家汽车厂工作了四年,之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。*Weareshortoftwopeople,withoutwhomwewillneedthreemoredaystofinishthework.我们缺少两个人,没有他们,我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。(1)语法填空。①TheythankedTom,withoutwhosesupporttheywouldnothavesucceeded.②Hemayhaveacuteappendicitis,inwhichcasehewillhavetobeoperatedon.③Thesenewneighbors,towhomIwasintroducedyesterday,havecomeherefromBeijing.(2)Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没去开会。二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来,限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分,如果省略会影响全句的主要意思,这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号;而非限制性定语从句是对主句的一种补充说明,即使去掉,也不影响全句的意思,这种定语从句前通常有逗号与主句隔开。*Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。(她还有其他哥哥)*Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她的哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她上大学。(她只有一个哥哥)*Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。(不带插图的书写得不一定好)*Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的书都带插图,这些书都写得很好。(没有不带插图的书)【巧学助记】限制性定语从句vs非限制性定语从句名称限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用起限定作用,限制或约束先行词,不可去掉,否则主句意义不完整对整个句子的意义并不重要,即使去掉,原句仍有意义结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开功能先行词不可缺少的定语对先行词起补充说明作用引导词a.作宾语时可省略,介词之后的关系词不能省b.可用thata.作宾语时不可省略b.不可用that句型转换。(1)ItisknowntousthatTaiwanisapartofChina.→Asisknowntous,TaiwanisapartofChina.

(2)Thisistheroomwhichmygrandmotherusedtolivein.→Thisistheroominwhich/wheremygrandmotherusedtolive.

(3)HersisterteachesusEnglish,andshewillgoabroadnextyear.→Hersister,whoteachesusEnglish,willgoabroadnextyear.

(4)Wesawafilmlastnight.Itwasveryinteresting.→Thefilmthat/whichwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.

(5)Hefailedintheexam.Itmadehisparentsveryangry.→Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.

(6)Ihavelostthepen.Myfatherboughtitformysixteenthbirthday.→Ihavelostthepenthat/whichmyfatherboughtformysixteenthbirthday.

(7)Thebookisworthreading.Hepaid6yuanforit.→Thebookforwhichhepaid6yuanisworthreading.

(8)Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge.Muchcanbelearnedfromher.→Sheisateacherofmu