如何猜测单词或短语的含义 新课标 人教

Thefirstliesinourbeliefthattheworld

makessenses---thereisareasonforeverythingthathappens.Withadiameterof1,200km,itishalfthatofPluto---unusuallylargeforamooninrelationtoitsprimary.…China’sentrytotheWTOalsocreateshurdlesforincomerises…Thereisanexplanationforeverythingintheword.planetdifficulties编辑ppt如何猜测单词或短语的含义编辑ppt知识构建大纲要求：根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义。测试方式：一是阅读理解中有3%的生词（不包括根据构词法可以推断词义的词），可能会对正确理解文意造成障碍；二是阅读理解设题中设有猜测词义题，所设的词汇或短语可能是熟悉的，也有可能是不熟悉的。编辑ppt考查形式1.Thephrase“…”inthe“…”couldbereplacedby

.2.Theword“…”inthethirdparagraphrefersto

.3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“…”？5.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans.编辑ppt能力提升生词本身内在逻辑联系针对性解释经验常识编辑ppt生词本身点拨：有些英语单词是根据英语构词法的一些规则构成的，根据学过的词法知识可以推测出他们所构成的新词的词义。例如：Thispossibilitywas unforeseeable，becauseitalmost neverhappened.分析：unforeseeable编辑ppt

分析unforeseeable

unforeseeableunforeseeable

不先、前、预看见能…的；可以…的不可预见的编辑ppt注意一些表示意思转折的词和短语：though,as,although,despite,while,inspiteof,still,but,yet,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand,unlike,not,instead等。1、根据对比关系推测词义点拨：对比是描述和说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是相反的，因此根据对比或反义关系可从已知推出未知。编辑ppt例1：Agoodmanagercanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.分析：句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人和非熟练工人区别开。分析：beahasslebeabasketoffun例2：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.(02NMETE)

A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests√编辑ppt2、根据同类关系推测词义

例1：Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Trittwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.分析：作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代，由此可以推知其词义。点拨：同类关系指在句中作同一成分且词义属于同一范畴的近义词或同义词。这时可以从熟悉的词语中推出新词的含义。可以表示同类关系的常用词有as,or,similarly,like,justas,also等。编辑ppt3、根据同位语推测词义分析：由or引出的同位语推测为“电容量”。例如：Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreelectriccharge,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits（电路）.点拨：为了强调某个重点或把某事叙述的更明白，作者有时运用不同的词语或语句来表达同一概念，构成同位关系。同位语两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。同位语前常有or,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,i.e.等副词或短语出现。编辑ppt4、根据因果关系推测词义分析：以因果关系为线索，可确定engrossed的意思为“被吸引，全神贯注”。例1：Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.点拨：在句子或段落中，若两个事物或现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词的词义。这种生词经常出现在表现因果关系的句子中，引导词有because,since,as,for,so,therefore,so/such…that,sothat等。编辑ppt例2：Theplantisoftenprunedsothatitremainsonly60to90centimetershigh.Pruningisimportanttothegrowthoftendershoots,ofyoungleaves.A.regularcuttingoftheplantsB.frequentwateringC.regularuseofchemicalsD.growingtheplanthighinthe mountain√编辑ppt5、根据举例推测词义分析：由后文引出的warsandgreatscientificdiscoveries可以猜出epochal的大致意义是“重要的”，这与其确切意义“划时代的”十分接近。例1：Theresultsofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotlimitedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.点拨：作者为了说明或证实某事，经常会在文章中举例。这些例子可以帮助我们推测词义常用词有forexample,forinstance,suchas,like等。编辑ppt例2：Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Weknowthatifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.(04北京D)

A.stillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.stillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach√编辑ppt6、根据上下文推测词义分析：archaeologist为“考古学家”。例1:Ourearthisveryold.Itholdsmanysecretsaboutlifeinthepast.Archaeologistsdiginthegroundandbringoutthesesecrets.Theydiscoverobjectsthousandsofyearsoldthatinformusabouthowpeoplelivedlongago.点拨：阅读材料中的每个词或短语与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着相互制约的关系，可以利用语境推测和判断某些词语的含义。编辑ppt分析：根据第二个句子的意思，可推测“Whereisthebeef?”之意为“证据在哪里

？”例2：OneofthenewestAmericanexpressionis“Whereisthebeef?”Itquestionsifitisasgoodorashonestasitclaimstobe.编辑ppt

1、根据定义推测词义分析：由定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。例1：Inslang(俚语)theterm“jam”referstoastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.点拨：有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义。定义句的谓语动词通常为be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等。编辑ppt例2：“ecopassages”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghurtbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.(05浙江,B)A.anundergroundpathforcarsB.afencebuiltforthesafetyofthearea

C.abridgeforanimalstogetoverariverD.apassforanimalstocrosstheroad√编辑ppt2、根据定语从句推测词义分析：根据生词SAD后面的定语从句whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder可以推断出SAD的含义为“季节性情绪紊乱症”。例1：KrabacbersuffersfromSAD,which isshortforseasonalaffective disorder.点拨：定语从句是对先行词的修饰、限定、解释或说明。介于此，我们可以推测出词义。编辑ppt分析：arestaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood例2：HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.(04,福建E)编辑ppt经验常识分析：因为“年轻的胡佛去世了”，所以根据我们的常识可推测funeral意为“葬礼”。例1：YoungHooverdied.Overathousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral.点拨：根据上下文的语言环境，运用生活常识和逻辑推理能力猜测生词的词义也是一种行之有效的方法。编辑ppt√例2：…Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.(05上海B)A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet编辑ppt例3：…saidEmilyCornette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.(05NMETB)A.onebranchofanorganizationB.awrittenagreementofaclubC.onepartofacollectionofpoemsD.aperiodinasociety’shistory√编辑ppt巩固训练1、Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyaslowdowninoiloutput.2、Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashy,unsociablepersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesortomakenewfriends.3、Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.4、Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.5、ThereweresomanypeopleintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.突出（构词法）爱交际的（对比关系）语义学（同位语）有害的（同类关系）挤过（因果关系）编辑ppt6、Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsofmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.7、Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.8、ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.9、14,000sanitationworkerscarryoff,yearly,threemilliontonsofrefuseandkeep7,500milesofstreetscleanandfreeofsnow.（家用）电器（举例）人类学（定义）（门窗等的）过梁（经验常识）环卫工人（上下文）编辑ppt√上下文10、“Whydidn’tyoukeepthemoney?”askedthethief.Theprofessorrelied,“Icouldn’tbecauseitisnotmine.”Thenhewalkedoff,spurningthethief’sofferofareward.(02上海春季A)A.acceptingB.claimingC.rejectingD.canceling11、OneofBritain’sbravestwomentoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspectedpolicekillerDavidBieber—andwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidthatshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto￡30,000rewardmoney.(04湖南E)A.getB.bepaidC.askforD.own12、ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s.Butadrugcalled ARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheir symptoms(症状).(04湖北B)A.amedicinetocureAlzheimer’sB.amedicinetodelaysignsofagingC.amedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer’sD.amedicinetocurebraindamage√生活常识√转折编辑ppt13.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butinapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolation(隔离、孤立)hasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplelovetoexperierce.(05重庆D)

A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret14.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.(05广东B)A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed15.RainforstsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.(05福建C)A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout√√√转折对比常识编辑ppt编辑ppt编辑ppt9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。。2022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202212:49:59PM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Dec-2219-Dec-2212、故人江海别，几度隔山川。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202213、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202214、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。。19十二月20222022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1915、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十二月222022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202216、行动出成果，工作出财富。。2022/12/192022/12/1919December202217、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/192022/12/199、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202210、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202212:49:59PM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Dec-2219-Dec-2212、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/19Monday,December19,202213、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。。2022/12/192022/12/192022/12/192022/12/1912/19/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手