英语论文分析学习-第1节-introduction课件

ThecontentsofaresearcharticleorthesisAbstractIntroductionmethodologyresultsDiscussion/conclusionThecontentsofaresearchartWheretofindtheintroductionsectioninapaper?(examples)1stsectionofapaperWheretofindtheintroductionWhatIsanIntroduction?Whatquestionswillreadersaskwhenreadinganessay:1.WhattopicamIgoingtolearnabout?2.Whyisthattopicimportant?3.DoIknowthetopicalready?WhatdoIknowalready?Anintroductionaimstoanswerthese3questions.WhatIsanIntroduction?WhatqWhat’sthePurposeoftheIntroduction?roducestheresearchbysituatingit(bygivingbackground),presentingtheresearchproblemsayinghowandwhythisproblemwillbesolvedexplainswhytheresearchisbeingdone(rationale，基本原理)What’sthePurposeoftheIntrContentsofanintroductionPractice:fast-readsample1anddecidehowmanypartsdoesthecontentconsistof?Andmarkthekeywordsifyoucanwhichhelpyoutoorganizethestructure.

ContentsofanintroductionPraContentsofanintroductionAnintroductionshouldincludethefollowing:1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)ContentsofanintroductionAn1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)1.Establishthetopic2.LiterContentsofanintroductionQ:Whatarethewaystoestablishatopic?A:ClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsContentsofanintroductionQ:EstablishatopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsEstablishatopicClaimingcentContentsofanintroductionClaimingCentrality

Claimingthattheareaofresearchisanimportantone,andthereforeimplyingthattheresearchdoneisalsocrucial.Sample1:ContentsofanintroductionContentsofanintroductionQ2:whichsentencestatestheimportanceoftheresearch?Lookatthefollowingexamplesandfindthekeywords.ContentsofanintroductionQ2:E.g1:Thedesignofreliablehingesisessentialforthedevelopmentofdeployablestructuresinspaceapplications.

Thedesignofreliablehingesisessentialforthedevelopmentofdeployablestructuresinspaceapplications.

E.g1:E.g2.:3D-TVhasrecentlyreceivedmuchattentionfrombothacademiaandindustry.E.g2:3D-TVhasrecentlyreceivedmuchattentionfrombothacademiaandindustry.E.g2.:ContentsofanintroductionE.g3:Theincreasinginterestinhigh-angle-of–attackaerodynamicshasheightenedtheneedforcomputationaltools.Theincreasinginterestinhigh-angle-of–attackaerodynamicshasheightenedtheneedforcomputationaltools.ContentsofanintroductionE.gContentsofanintroductionsummary–sentencesstatingtheimportanceoftheresearch

“animportant/essentialpartof…”

“playsamajorrole”

“Manystudieshavefocusedon…..”ContentsofanintroductionsumPractice:Readthe1stoneortwosentencesintheintroductionofyourownselection,andfindifthereisanysignalwordindicating”importance/interest”ofthetopic?Practice:EstablishatopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsEstablishatopicClaimingcentContentsofanintroductionGeneraltospecific

Mostwritingstartswithgeneralinformationandthenmovestospecificinformation.Thisistrueofintroductionstoo.Practice:readsample2,anddecidehowthetopicisestablished.ContentsofanintroductionGenImpactofheavymetalsexpenseandshortcomingsofmethodsofremovingheavymetals(lessgeneral).expenseandshortcomingsofmethodsofremovingheavymetalsindevelopingcountriesalternativetechnologiestoovercomeexpenseandshortcomingsbiologicalmaterialsasanexampleofalternativetechnologiesImpactofheavymetalsexpenseEstablishatopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsEstablishatopicClaimingcentContentsofanintroductionPreviousresearchOftentheIntroductionwillrefertoworkalreadydoneintheresearchareainordertoprovidebackground(andoftenalsotohelpdefinetheresearchproblem).includetheresearchreferenceswherenecessary.ContentsofanintroductionPreContentsofanintroductionExample:"Numerousstudiesontheutilizationofplantproteinsasapartialorcompletereplacementforfishmealindietshave

been

conductedusingvariousfreshwaterandmarinesfishes(Lovell,1987;Taconetal.,1983;Muraietal.,1989a;Coweyetal.,1974).ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionQ:Don’ttheresearchreferencesmeanthatthisispartoftheliteraturereview?

No.ContentsofanintroductionQ:ContentsofanintroductionPreviousresearch

partofthebackgroundtogeneralresearchinthisarea.

literaturereview

comeslatermorelikelytodealwithindividualstudiesandtheirmethodsorresults.

Inathesistheliteraturereviewismuchlongerandmaybeaseparatechapter.ContentsofanintroductionPreEstablishatopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsEstablishatopicClaimingcentContentsofanintroductionExample:"Duringthepast40years,theUnitedStateshasexperiencedtherapidintegrationofthecomputerintosocietyandmorerecentlyintoeducationalsettings.Manyschoolshavepurchasedlargenumbersofcomputersforuseinclassroomandcomputerlabsinordertokeeppacewiththerapidlychangingrequirementsofsociety."ContentsofanintroductionExaEstablishatopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsEstablishatopicClaimingcentContentsofanintroductionDefinitionofKeyWordsItishelpfultoyourreadersifyoudefinethekeywordsinyourtitle—perhapsyoucanbeginwithadefinitionorafactaboutoneofthosekeywords.ContentsofanintroductionDefContentsofanintroductionExample:"Peptic(胃蛋白酶的，消化的)ulcer(溃疡)diseaseis

a

chronic

disease

characterized

byfrequentrecurrences.Thecontinuationofanti-ulcertherapyafterulcerhealingresultsinareducedrateofulcerrecurrencebutdoesnotaffectthenaturalhistoryofthedisease,becausetheexpectedpatternofrapidrecurrenceresumeswhenmaintenancetherapyisdiscontinued"(AnnalsofInternalMedicine,pp.116-705,1992).ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionPractice:readthe1st4sentencesinsample3tofindthewaysusedtoestablishatopic?A:Claimingcentralityand/orGeneraltospecificand/orPreviousresearchand/orDescribingofthebackgroundand/orDefinitionofkeywordsContentsofanintroductionPraContentsofanintroductionSummary:amixofthefollowing:ClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingthebackgroundContentsofanintroductionSum1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)1.Establishthetopic2.LiterContentsofanintroductionEstablishtheNeed/Gap

Aresearchgapisanareawherenoorlittleresearchhasbeencarriedout.Thisisshownbyoutliningtheworkalreadydonetoshowwherethereisagapintheresearch(whichyouwillthenfillwithyourresearch).Transitionalwordsawayfromliteraturereview:“However”or“Although”.ContentsofanintroductionEstContentsofanintroductionEstablishtheNeed/Gap

WaysIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryCounter-claimingContentsofanintroductionEstEstablishthegapIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryCounter-claimingEstablishthegapIndicatingaContentsofanintroductionExample:"Numerousstudiesontheutilizationofplantproteinsasapartialorcompletereplacementforfishmealindiets

havebeenconductedusingvariousfreshwaterandmarinesfishes(Lovell,1987;Taconetal.,1983;Muraietal.,1989a;Coweyetal.,1974).However,verylittleisknownaboutthefeasibilityofusingsoybeanmealasadietaryproteinsourceinpracticalfeedsforyellowtailSeriolaquinqueradiata.(Takiietal.,1989)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionExample:"Numerous

studiesontheutilizationofplantproteinsasapartialorcompletereplacementforfishmealindiets

havebeenconductedusingvariousfreshwaterandmarinesfishes(Lovell,1987;Taconetal.,1983;Muraietal.,1989a;Coweyetal.,1974).–previousresearchHowever,verylittleisknownaboutthefeasibilityofusingsoybeanmealasadietaryproteinsourceinpracticalfeedsforyellowtailSeriolaquinqueradiata.(Takiietal.,1989)“--gapContentsofanintroductionExaE.g:However,totheauthor’sknowledge,self-lockingphenomenonofthehingeinthedeployedconfigurationhasneverreceivedanacceptablephysicalexplanationinthescientificliteraturebasedonanumericalsimulation.E.g:However,totheauthor’sknowledge,self-lockingphenomenonofthehingeinthedeployedconfigurationhasneverreceivedanacceptablephysicalexplanationinthescientificliteraturebasedonanumericalsimulation.However,totheauthor’sknowlContentsofanintroductionSummary:IndicatingaGap

“However,littleworkhasbeendone”

“noclearlearning-teachingmodelhasbeenlaidout”

ContentsofanintroductionSumPractice:Readtheintroductionofyourownselection,andfindifthereisanysignalword,“however”,“littleisdone…”…Practice:EstablishthegapIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryCounter-claimingEstablishthegapIndicatingaContentsofanintroductionRaisingaquestion

ContentsofanintroductionRaiRaisingaquestionTheresearchproblemisdefinedbyaskingaquestiontowhichtheanswerisunknown,andwhichyouwillexploreinyourresearch.RaisingaquestionContentsofanintroductionExample:"Thequestionweaddresshereishow

technologicalchangeoccurswhenitistheoverallsystemthatneedstobechanged.Inparticular,how

we

canbeginandsustainatechnologicaltransitionawayfromhydrocarbonbasedtechnologiesremainunanswered(StreetandMiles,1996)."ContentsofanintroductionExaEstablishthegapIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryCounter-claimingEstablishthegapIndicatingaContentsofanintroductionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiry

ContentsofanintroductionConContentsofanintroductionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiry

Buildingonworkalreadydone,buttakingitfurther(by①usinganewsample,②extendingtheareastudied,③takingmorefactorsintoconsideration,④takingfewerfactorsintoconsideration,etc.).ContentsofanintroductionConContentsofanintroductionExample:Takingalltheseelementsandtheirpossiblevariationsintoaccountisoftenfartoocomplexandtedious

fordeterminingefficientgasdevelopmentpatternswithsimplebackoftheenvelopecalculations.Inthispaper,wepresentagasplanningmodelthatfulfilssomeofthespecificationsestablishedinJuliusandMashayeki[8].(BoucherandSmeers,1996)"ContentsofanintroductionExaEstablishthegapIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryCounter-claimingEstablishthegapIndicatingaContentsofanintroductionCounter-claiming

Aconflictingclaim,theoryormethodisputforward.ContentsofanintroductionCouExample:However,theuseof….resultsinsuchadegreeofsphericalaberrationthatradicaldesignchangeshavebecomenecessary.However,theuseof….resultsinsuchadegreeofsphericalaberrationthat

radicaldesignchangeshavebecomenecessary.Example:ContentsofanintroductionPractice:Checkfromsample3todecidewhichsentenceisestablishingthegap,andinwhichway?WaysIndicatingagaporRaisingaquestionorContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryorCounter-claimingContentsofanintroductionPra1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)1.Establishthetopic2.LiterContentsofanintroductionStatethePurposeofYourResearchHowwillthegapbefilled?Howtheresearchproblembeanswered?Thispartanswerthreequestions:OutliningpurposeAnnouncingpresentresearch/methodAnnouncingprinciplefindings(results)ContentsofanintroductionStaPurposeofthestudyOutliningpurposeAnnouncingpresentresearch/methodAnnouncingprinciplefindings(results)PurposeofthestudyOutliningContentsofanintroductionExample1:"Thisworkaimstoestablishtheextentofinteractionofalginate(海藻)withcalciumandaluminiumionswithrespecttotheinfluenceofalgalexudateshaveontheremovalofhumicsubstancesbyaluminiumcoagulation(凝结物)duringdrinkingwatertreatment.(Gregoretal.,1996)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionExample1:"Thisworkaimstoestablishtheextentofinteractionofalginate(海藻)withcalciumandaluminiumionswithrespecttotheinfluenceofalgalexudateshaveontheremovalofhumicsubstancesbyaluminiumcoagulation(凝结物)duringdrinkingwatertreatment.(Gregoretal.,1996)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionOutliningpurposeOftenresearcherswilldescribetheirobjectivesintheirintroductioninorderforthereadertohaveaclearideaofwhattheysetouttoaccomplish.Usuallythereisageneralobjectivewritteninonesentence(detailsofmorespecificobjectivescanbegiveninfollowingsentences).ContentsofanintroductionOutPractice:Readintroductionofyourownselection,andfindiftherearesignalwords,“purpose/aim/objectiveofthisstudy….”Practice:PurposeofthestudyOutliningpurposeAnnouncingpresentresearch/methodAnnouncingprinciplefindings(results)PurposeofthestudyOutliningContentsofanintroductionExample2:"Thispaperexaminestheuseofpeat(泥炭，泥煤)fortheremovaloftwometals,copperandnickel,frombothmono-solute(溶解物)andbi-solutesolutions.Inparticular,itreportstheeffectthatacompetingionhasontheratesofremovalandexaminesthemechanismswhichmayaffecttheuptakeofminerals.(Hoetal.,1996)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionExample2:"Thispaperexaminestheuseofpeat(泥炭，泥煤)fortheremovaloftwometals,copperandnickel,frombothmono-solute(溶解物)andbi-solutesolutions.Inparticular,itreportstheeffectthatacompetingionhasontheratesofremovalandexaminesthemechanismswhichmayaffecttheuptakeofminerals.(Hoetal.,1996)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionAnnouncingpresentresearch(method)

Importantpointsaboutthemethodologyusedareoutlined,perhapsincludingthescopeofthestudy.However,themethodologyisnotgivenindetail(sincedetailsaregiveninthemethodologysection).ContentsofanintroductionAnnPractice:Readtheintroductionofyourselectedpaper,andfindthesignalwords,“thispaperstudies/presents/…”Practice:PurposeofthestudyOutliningpurposeAnnouncingpresentresearch/methodAnnouncingprinciplefindings(results)PurposeofthestudyOutliningContentsofanintroductionExample3:"DifferentoperatingmodesoftheMESFETmixers,gatemixers,drainmixers,andresistivemixerswereinvestigatedinthisworkandtheresultsprovedthatgoodconversioncharacteristicscouldbeachieved.(Angelov,1991)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionExample3:"DifferentoperatingmodesoftheMESFETmixers,gatemixers,drainmixers,andresistivemixerswereinvestigatedinthisworkandtheresultsprovedthatgoodconversioncharacteristicscouldbeachieved.(Angelov,1991)"ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionAnnouncingprinciplefindings(results)

Researchersmayindicatethekindofresultstheyobtained,oranoverallsummaryoftheirfindings.ContentsofanintroductionAnnAThesisstatement(主旨陈述）:--whatyou’llprove--theargument--thescope--themainidea--thepurposeofthepaperAThesisstatement(主旨陈述）:ContentsofanintroductionPractice:checkfromsample3tolocatethesentenceswhichstatethePurposeoftheresearch.Thispartanswerthreequestions:Outliningpurposeand/orAnnouncingpresentresearch/methodand/orAnnouncingprinciplefindings(results)Trytofindtheinformationbasedontheabove.ContentsofanintroductionPra1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)1.Establishthetopic2.LiterContentsofanintroductionStateValueofResearchby1.Indicatingbenefitsofcurrentresearch

2.Indicatingdirectionsforfurtherresearch

ContentsofanintroductionStaContentsofanintroductionExample1:“

Thepaperfurthersuggests

amultidisciplinarymanagementapproachtoeffectafavorableoutcomeforthewholefishingcommunity(Limetal.,1995)."Indicatingbenefitsofcurrentresearch:helpstojustifywhyitwascarriedoutandemphasizesthevalueofthestudy.ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionExample2:"Thispapertakesafirststep

inthisdirectionbylayingouttherationaleforincorporatingfeedbackandfeedforwardmechanismsindecisionsupportfordynamictaskssuchassoftwareprojectmanagement(SenguptaandAbdel-Hamid,1993)."ContentsofanintroductionExaContentsofanintroductionIndicatingdirectionsforfurtherresearch

Researchoftenopensupotherareaswhereresearchcouldorshouldbedone,soitiscommonfortheseareastobedefinedintheintroduction.Itisalsoawayofindicatingthatthecurrentstudyisnotdesignedtobecomprehensive.ContentsofanintroductionIndPractice:readsample3andfindthevalueofthestudy.Practice:readsample3andfi1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)1.Establishthetopic2.LiterContentsofanintroductionOutlinetheResearchIndicatingtheStructureoftheResearch

Example:“

Thispaperisorganizedasfollows.Alternativerepresentationsofdemandandsupplyarediscussed

insections2and3respectively.Themodelisdescribedinsection4.Section5presentsanapplicationofthetooltoagasreservesdevelopmenttimingprobleminIndonesia.Thefullsetofequationsisgivenintheappendixandisreferredtothroughoutthetext.(BoucherandSmeers,1996)"ContentsofanintroductionOutintroductionEstablishthetopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingbackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsLiteraturereviewInvestigationneedsIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinueatraditionCounter-claimingPurposeoftheresearchOutliningpurposeAnnouncingpresentresearchAnnouncingfindingsValueoftheresearchOutlineoftheresearchintroductionEstablishthetopi3movesEstablishaterritory(确定研究范围）Signalwords:Interest…hasrisen,….hasbecomepopular…Important…Establishaniche（提出问题）Signalwords:However,asignificantdrawbackof…However,thedeficiencyis…Occupytheniche（介绍自己成果）Signalwords:Theobjectiveofthisworkisto…Thispaperfocuseson…3movesEstablishaterritory(确SummaryoftenseA：“inrecentyears,manystudieshavefocusedon..thePresentPerfecttense(现在完成时),E.g.:Therearesubstantialbenefitstobegainedfrom…

thePresentSimpletense（一般现在时）SummaryoftenseA：“inrecentContentsofanintroductionDescribingoftheBackground(tense,时态)Providegeneralbackgroundinformationforthereader.Researcharticlesusuallybeginwithaccepted/establishedfacts,sothepartisgenerallyinthePresentSimpletense.

However,thetensehastobedecidedbythefactsyouaretelling.

ContentsofanintroductionDesContentsofanintroductionDescribingoftheBackground(tense,时态)Providegeneralbackgroundinformationforthereader.Researcharticlesusuallybeginwithaccepted/establishedfacts,sothepartisgenerallyinthePresentSimpletense.

However,thetensehastobedecidedbythefactsyouaretelling.

ContentsofanintroductionDesUseoftenseinanintroductionPresentsimplevspastsimpletenseExample1:Wefoundthatthepressureincreasedasthetemperaturerose,whichindicatedthattemperatureplayedasignificantroleintheprocesspasttense:yourfindingsarelinkedonlytoyourownresearch,andyoudon’tclaimyourdeductionsshouldbeconsideredasacceptedorestablishedfacts..Useoftenseinanintroductioexample1:Wefoundthatthepressureincreasedasthetemperaturerose,whichindicatedthattemperatureplayedasignificantroleintheprocess.example2:Wefoundthatthepressureincreasesasthetemperaturerises,whichindicatesthattemperatureplaysasignificantroleintheprocess.example1:Wefoundthattheprexample2:Wefoundthatthepressureincreasesasthetemperaturerises,whichindicatesthattemperatureplaysasignificantroleintheprocess.presentsimpletense:youbelieveyourfindingsanddeductionsarestrongenoughtobeconsideredasfactsortruths.example2:PastsimplevspresentperfectExample1:however,althoughtheeffectofitwasdemonstratedover2yearsago,littleattentionwaspaidtotheselectionofappropriaterubbercomponent.PastsimplevspresentperfectExample1:however,althoughtheeffectofitwasdemonstratedover2yearsago,littleattentionwaspaidtotheselectionofappropriaterubbercomponent.Example2:however,althoughtheeffectofitwasdemonstratedover2yearsago,littleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheselectionofappropriaterubbercomponent.Example1:however,althoughthePastsimplevspresentperfectExample1:however,althoughtheeffectofitwasdemonstratedover2yearsago,littleattentionwaspaidtotheselectionofappropriaterubbercomponent.littleattentionwaspaid“then”,possibilities:perhapsattentionhasbeenpaidtothisproblemsincethen;perhapstheproblemhasevenbeensolved.PastsimplevspresentperfectExample2:however,althoughtheeffectofitwasdemonstratedover2yearsago,littleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheselectionofappropriaterubbercomponentuptillnow,stilllittleattentionhasbeenpaid.Example2:however,althoughthAssignment:Analyzethegivenintroductionsection,AnalyzetheoutlinedirectlyontheoriginalpaperAnalyzethefunctionofeachsignalsentencesonPPT,andmarkthekeywordsAssignment:introductionEstablishthetopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingbackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsLiteraturereviewInvestigationneedsIndicatingagapRaisingaquestionContinueatraditionCounter-claimingPurposeoftheresearchOutliningpurposeAnnouncingpresentresearchAnnouncingfindingsValueoftheresearchOutlineoftheresearchintroductionEstablishthetopi知识回顾KnowledgeReview知识回顾KnowledgeReviewThecontentsofaresearcharticleorthesisAbstractIntroductionmethodologyresultsDiscussion/conclusionThecontentsofaresearchartWheretofindtheintroductionsectioninapaper?(examples)1stsectionofapaperWheretofindtheintroductionWhatIsanIntroduction?Whatquestionswillreadersaskwhenreadinganessay:1.WhattopicamIgoingtolearnabout?2.Whyisthattopicimportant?3.DoIknowthetopicalready?WhatdoIknowalready?Anintroductionaimstoanswerthese3questions.WhatIsanIntroduction?WhatqWhat’sthePurposeoftheIntroduction?roducestheresearchbysituatingit(bygivingbackground),presentingtheresearchproblemsayinghowandwhythisproblemwillbesolvedexplainswhytheresearchisbeingdone(rationale，基本原理)What’sthePurposeoftheIntrContentsofanintroductionPractice:fast-readsample1anddecidehowmanypartsdoesthecontentconsistof?Andmarkthekeywordsifyoucanwhichhelpyoutoorganizethestructure.

ContentsofanintroductionPraContentsofanintroductionAnintroductionshouldincludethefollowing:1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)ContentsofanintroductionAn1.Establishthetopic2.Literaturereview3.Investigationneeds(Gap)4.Purposeoftheresearch5.Valueoftheresearch(optional)6.Outlineoftheresearch(optional)1.Establishthetopic2.LiterContentsofanintroductionQ:Whatarethewaystoestablishatopic?A:ClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsContentsofanintroductionQ:EstablishatopicClaimingcentralityGeneraltospecificPreviousresearchDescribingofthebackgroundDefinitionofkeywordsEstablishatopicClaimingcentContentsofanintroductionClaimingCentrality

Claimingthattheareaofresearchisanimportantone,andthereforeimplyingthattheresearchdoneisalsocrucial.Sample1:ContentsofanintroductionContentsofanintroductionQ2:whichsentencestatestheimportanceoftheresearch?Lookatthefollowingexamplesandfindthekeywords.ContentsofanintroductionQ2:E.g1:Thedesignofreliablehingesisessentialforthedevelopmentofdeployablestructuresinspaceapplications.

Thedesignofreliablehingesisessentialforthedevelopmentofdeployablestructuresinspaceapplications.

E.g1:E.g2.:3D-TVhasrecentlyreceivedmuchattentionfrombothacademiaandindustry.E.g2:3D-TVhasrecentlyr