新概念英语第三册笔记第39课

新概念英语第三册笔记第39课新概念英语第三册笔记第39课新概念英语第三册笔记第39课新概念英语第三册笔记第39课编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:Lesson

39Nothingtoworryabout不必担心Newwordsandexpression生词和短语Rougha崎岖不平的=nosmooth1)notsmooth粗糙的，崎岖的roughskinroughroadWe’dbetternottaketheroughroad.2)notexact大致的aroughidea一个大致的想法aroughdrawing一个草图ataroughguess我猜，大概是eg.Ataroughguess,hewasaboutforty-five.3)notgentle野蛮，激烈，粗鲁的aroughgamearoughmanBeroughonsb对某人苛刻、无礼Don’tberoughonyourfriends.4)unfairorunlucky倒霉的it'sroughonsbboulder['bəʊldə]n.大石块（alargestoneorpieceofrock）（卵石，大圆石（圆形巨石）；巨砾）pebble['peb(ə)l]n.小卵石，小石子(asmallsmoothstonefoundonthebeachoronthebottomofriver)eg.Youarenottheonlypebbleonthebeach!（usedtosaythatyouarenottheonlypersonwhohastobeconsideredordeservesattention）eg.Youarenottheonlyfishinthesea.cobble['kɒb(ə)l]n.forpavingtheroad大石子（大卵石，中砾）rubble['rʌb(ə)l]n.碎石，瓦砾（毁坏后的房屋，或者是铺设在地面最下一层的碎石）pit[pɪt]n.坑，地上的洞（1、矿井，矿洞2、(挖出沙砾或黏土后留下的)大坑3、vt使留疤痕4、vi凹陷）eg.Afallinthepit,againinyourwit吃一堑，长一智。inthepitofyourstomach/atthepitofyourstomach心窝，胸口aknotoffearinthepitofmystomach心里总觉得害怕bepittedwith 坑坑洼洼的布满，挖坑eg.Theroadwaspittedaftertherain.eg.Themoon'ssurfaceispittedwithmanycraters.月球的表面有许多火山形成的坑洞。eg.Hereyeswerepittedwithjoy.belitteredwith杂乱的堆满eg.Theroadislitteredwithstonesandpittedwithholes.pittancen.微薄的薪俸或津贴eg.Thechicken-foodshewasgivenforcleaningthathomesobeautifullywasnothingbutapittance.nothingbut只是，上节课讲到的。她给人家清扫房屋挣到的那点钱连塞牙缝的都不够。crater['kreɪtə]n.（火山的）喷火口；弹坑scoop[sku:p]n.凹穴，坑（本意1、vt用勺子舀2、勺形物（特殊的勺子，比如冰淇淋，奶粉，咖啡）3、独家新闻（勺子舀出来的，挖掘出来的））Perturb[pə'tɜ:b]v.使不安=veryupset（vt.扰乱；使…混乱；使…心绪不宁）BeperturbedaboutsthHisthreatsdidn’tperturbherintheleast.Disturb并非用心去扰乱，语气弱得多Itisdisturbingtothinkthatawildanimalisstillatlargeinthequitecountryside.Plague[pleɪg]病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼（本意是瘟疫、鼠疫、天灾，引申出动词“使困扰”）Theterriblediseaseplaguedhim.beplaguedbyTrouble搅扰别人的安宁，舒适等Sorrytogiveyoutrouble./sorrytotroubleyou.Worry表达不安的心情到了忧虑的程度Heisworriedabouthisson’ssafety.Upset内心忐忑不安IfeelupsetnowbecauseIamafraidIhurtyou.Dismay使沮丧underestimatev.低估了underestimatesbunderestimatedifficultyunderestimatetheimportanceoftrainingoverestimatev.高估了under-under-develop没有开发under-developareaundercooked没炒熟的undersell廉价售出Scoop[sku:p]v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出Shescoopedoutsomesuger.Makeascoop走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻Thatguymadeascoop.swerve[swɜ:v]v.（vi.转弯；突然转向；背离vt.使转弯；使突然转向；使背离n.转向；偏离的程度）1）tomakeasuddensidewaysmovementinordertoavoidhittingsthvi急转弯（以躲避…）eg.Thecarswervedacrosstheroadandcrashedintoawall.车子急忙躲闪横着撞到了墙上。turnjustintime及时地躲开了veer：[vɪə]tochangedirectionsuddenly（1、vi突然转向2、vi改变立场）2)tochangefromanidea,courseofaction（vt使转向，使背离）eg.Nothingcouldswervehimfromhisaims.什么都动摇不了他的志向。scoop[sku:p]v.挖出(（用勺子）挖出，铲出)1)scoopup舀起，铲起eg.Thechildrenscoopedupthesnowwiththeirhandstobuildasnowman.eg.Hecuppedhishandsandscoopedupalittlewater.他捧起手舀了一些水。2)迅速收拾起，抱eg.Themotherscoopedthebabyupinherarmsandranfromtheflames.scoopout舀起，铲起，挖出scoopoutsomesugarscoopoutatunnel开凿隧道n.瓢，大勺，铲子ascoopoficecream一勺冰淇淋n.独家新闻eg.Thejournalistwassurethathehadascoopforhispaper.eg.What'sthescoop有什么新闻（消息）吗

atonescoop一下子eg.Hewin£50atonescoopgetascoop捞了一大笔钱eg.Hegotascoopinstocksandshares.他在炒股过程中捞了一大笔钱。Makeascoop走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻Thatguymadeascoop.hammer['hæmə]v用锤子击打、捶打underthehammer被拍卖；在拍卖hammerout设计出；锤成；苦心想出hammeron（对准位置）钉牢；敲紧hammerat敲打；致力于hammerinto钉入；敲进；向…硬灌steamhammern.[机]汽锤Ominously['ɑmənəsli]adv有预兆地（恶兆地；不吉利地）Ominous['ɒmɪnəs]adj不祥的，不吉利的Lookatthoseominousblackclouds.auspicious[ɔ:'spɪʃəs]adj.吉祥的，顺利的Omen['əʊmən]n./vt预示着；预兆，征兆Thisisagood/badomenThecloudsomenrain.什么的征兆theomenof用的是of==thesignofprelude['prelju:d]n.序幕，前奏prelude与介词to搭配表示“……的前奏”key/way/answer的所有格用toapreludetoserioustroubleRip[rɪp]v.划破，撕，扯（（猛地，用力地））（用力地撕开=forcefullyTear）（n裂口）RiptheletteropenRipone’smaskaway.Letthingsrip:=letthingsbeRipinto攻击Ripoff偷窃（宰客;宰人;裂开;偷窃）ripup撕碎;撕毁;斯毁“撕裂、扯破”的意思，其区别是：rip侧重指用力把布料等物撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物撕裂。tear最普通用词，指有意或无意地把布或纸等没接缝的材料撕开。可作引申用。(tore,torn)split非正式用词，指有力的切断、劈开或撕裂的动作。petrol['petr(ə)l]Br汽油gasoline(gas)['gæsəli:n]Am 汽油petroleum[pə'trəʊlɪəm]石油（oil普通用词）crudeoil原油petrolbomb汽油弹petrolstation加油站OPEC:theOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries[‘ekspɔ:t；ɪk’-]反义词importSinopec中石化SINO即中国，希腊语中表示中国的称谓，词头是Sino-表示中国的，例如中欧关系得说Sino-Euro，不能说China-Euro。PEC即Petroleum&ChemicalCorporation。PE就是石油的缩写。C是化学品的缩写PetroChina中石油Stretchn.一大片（量词）（作为名词时第二个意思：连续）（v.伸展，延伸，绵延）AstretchoflandAstretchofwaterAtastretch连续地，不停顿地Weworkedforhoursatastretch.Wedrovefastonastretchofopenfield.Heisunabletoworkforlongstretches.他不能连续地工作。Astretchofhills也可作动词，（vt&vi.伸展，延伸，绵延）stretchout伸出；到了极限Hestretchedouthishandtogettheapple.Thereareforestsstretchingforhundredsofmiles.（绵延）TransportwasratherstretchedintheSpringFestival.（伸展到极限）Obstacle['ɒbstək(ə)l]n.障碍Obstacleto对象用介词to引出Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage+to一起使用1)anobjectwhichblocksyourway(挡住去路的)障碍（物）obstaclerace障碍赛跑2)sththatmakesitdifficultforyoutoachieveyouraim阻碍（多用于抽象含义）eg.Fearofchangeisthegreatestobstacletoprogress.Lackofeducationisanobstacletosuccess.Constituteanobstacleto构成……障碍Remove/overcomeanobstacle克服障碍putobstaclesintheway(of)/Putobstacleinsb’sway妨碍某人的发展eg.HisinabilitytospeakEnglishputabigobstacleinthewayofhiscareer.语对其事业发展设置了障碍。obstruction[əb'strʌkʃ(ə)n]n.妨碍，阻挠（theactoftryingtopreventapoliticalprocessortheactofblockingaroad）obstructionofvitallegislation阻挠通过死刑立法obstructionoftrafficHindrance['hɪndr(ə)ns]阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展Youaremoreofhindrancethanhelp.Obstacle阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况barrier['bærɪə]n.（困难，问题等）妨碍（aproblemorrulethatpreventspeoplefromdoingsth）apsychologicalbarrier心理障碍languagebarriern.栅栏，关卡（设的卡子），检票口（警察封路）putabarrieracrosstheroad在路上设一个关卡clump[klʌmp]n.丛，簇aclumpoftrees树丛aclumpofbushes灌木丛aclumpofgrass草丛cluster['klʌstə]n.串，挂，群aclusterofgrapes一串葡萄aclusteroffarmhouses一排农舍cclusterofbees一群蜜蜂bunch[bʌn(t)ʃ]一串，一束（群；串；突出物）abunchofflowersabunchofkeysabunchofgrapesfissure['fɪʃə]（岩石或地面的）深的裂缝（n.裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧v.（使）裂开，分裂）词根是fission分裂，裂变fusion聚变形容词fissionable可分裂的cellularfission细胞分裂['seljʊlə]细胞的nuclearfission核分裂crack[kræk]n.细小裂痕，龟裂（1、vt&vi使…破裂;破裂2vt&vi使…噼啪作响;发出辟裂声3、裂缝；裂纹，缝隙4、爆裂声，破裂声）eg.Thereareseveralcracksinthevase.gap[gæp]n.aspacebetweentwothings（裂缝，间隙，差距）thegenerationgap代沟bridgethegap沟通bridgethegapbetweentraditionandmodernity将传统溶于现代[mə'dɜ:nɪtɪ]renewv.重复续订，更新(vt.使更新；续借；续费；复兴；重申vi.更新；重新开始)renewasubscription 续订刊物renewadrivinglicense更新驾照renewanattack 再次展开进攻renewstrength 体力renewpleadings 再三要求renewafriendship 再续友情renewableadj.可再生的；可更新的；可继续的n.再生性能源recoverableadj.可收回的；可恢复的；可补偿的spaceshipspaceshuttlerecyclable[ri:'saɪkləbl]adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的recyclev.回收利用；使再循环；重新使用pleading['plidɪŋ]n恳求（n.恳求；答辩状adj.恳求的v.恳求；辩护；引证；承认（有罪或无罪）；以……为借口（plead的现在分词））词根plead[pli:d]（vt.借口；为...辩护；托称vi.恳求；辩护）1、V-IIfyoupleadwithsomeonetodosomething,youasktheminanintense,emotionalwaytodoit.恳求2、V-IWhensomeonechargedwithacrimepleadsguiltyornotguiltyinacourtoflaw,theyofficiallystatethattheyareguiltyornotguiltyofthecrime.表示服罪/不服罪3、V-TIfyoupleadthecaseorcauseofsomeoneorsomething,youspeakoutintheirsupportordefence.为…辩护Heappearedbeforethecommitteetopleadhiscase4、V-TIfyoupleadaparticularthingasthereasonfordoingornotdoingsomething,yougiveitasyourexcuse.以…为借口Mr.Gilespleadsignoranceashisexcuse.gearn.汽车排挡1)档（位）goinlowgearshiftgear2)一套用具（asetofthingsthatyouwearforaparticularactivity）最常见的是军人背的“行军包”raingear雨具protectivegear保护装置astride[ə'straɪd]/prep.骑、跨（withonelegoneachsideofsth）（prep.跨（或骑）在……上；（跨越）在……上；在（河、路等的）两边adv.（人的两腿）分开地；跨着；骑着）Ifyousitorstandastridesomething,yousitorstandwithonelegoneachsideofit.跨着(某物)地stride[straɪd]v.跨，跨骑（vt.跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在…）strideahorse骑马==rideastridethehorse跨骑在马背上crack[kræk]缝隙n.细小裂痕，龟裂（1、vt&vi使…破裂;破裂2vt&vi使…噼啪作响;发出辟裂声3、裂缝；裂纹，缝隙4、爆裂声，破裂声）eg.Thereareseveralcracksinthevase.zigzag['zɪgzæg]n“之”字形（n.之字形，锯齿形线条；急转弯v.曲折前进，作之字形行进adj.曲折的，之字形的adv.曲折地，之字形地）shallow['ʃæləʊ]浅的（adj.浅的；肤浅的n.[地理]浅滩vt.使变浅vi.变浅）superficial[,su:pə'fɪʃ(ə)l;,sju:-]adj.表面的；肤浅的；表面文章的；外表的；（人）浅薄的superficial通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。shallow指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。grind[graɪnd]v.摩擦v./n.(ground,ground)1、vt磨，常用grindup表示把什么磨碎，或是把…磨光，把…磨锋利2、vt碾压Grindwheatintoflour3、vi(机器因年久或过度使用而发出的)刺耳的磨擦声4、vi(机动车)嘎嘎作响地缓慢移动Grindsthtopiecesgrindtoahalt/grindtoastop（1、(机动车)轰隆隆地慢慢停下2、(经济或进程等)渐渐地停止）cometoagrindinghalt突然停下来，咯吱一声停下来grindyourteeth磨牙Grindone’steethinangern.1、磨2、苦差事eg.Waitingtablescanbearedgrind.端盘子伺候人可是个苦差事。Haltn.停=stop1、使停住;停住2、使完全停止;完全停止3、n(活动、运动或进展的)中止;终止Theyhaltforafewminutes.Stop最普通的用语，可代替cease(formal),haltCease非常正式的用词，表示中止Theheartwillceasetobeatwhenlifeceased.Pause暂停timeup时间到（time’sup）Hepausedforabreath.Halt又表示名词 Cometoahalt/stopdashboard['dæʃbɔ:d]n.仪表盘（汽车等的仪表板）（一般特指汽车和飞机的）divingboard 跳水板ironingboard烫衣板drawingboard画板surfboard冲浪板sailingboard帆板仪表：instrument（各种测定仪）仪表板instrumentboard;dashboardpanel(控制)面板;(仪表)板Text课文Nothingtoworryabout不定式做后置定语，其中先行词是逻辑宾语或逻辑主语nothingtofearsomethingtoeatanythingtodrinkthemantofinishthejobthefirstmanto（尤其是有限定词的情况）TheroughroadacrosstheplainsoonbecamesobadthatwetriedtogetBrucetodrivebacktothevillagewehadcomefrom.这一句中有很多小的语法成分。acrosstheroad介词短语做后置定语soon状语，位置看似随意中带着语感色彩。so..that结果状语从句getsbtodosth:persuade/advisesbtodo迫使某人做某事;让某人去做某事;使得某人去做某事Pleasegetthemtofinishtheworkasquicklyaspossible.village这个先行词作了from的宾语，因此在village与从句之间省略了关系代词that/which。但不可用关系副词where。（where=fromwhich）…todrivebacktothevillagewherewehadcome.Eventhoughtheroadwaslitteredwithbouldersandpittedwithholes,Brucewasnotintheleastperturbed.belitteredwith布满bepittedwithholes坑坑洼洼notintheleast:notatall一点也不/notabit/nottheleast/nottheleastbitHewasnotintheleastworry.Iwas+notintheleast/bynomeans/notbit/notthefewest(informal)+surprisedatthenews.eg.Heisn'tintheleastinterestedinbecomingateacher.eg.Itdoesn'tmatterintheleast.反义词notalittle相当多的；非常eg.Sheisnotalittlefat.（veryfat）她可不是胖的一点半点的呢！notabit(notatall)eg.Sheisnotabitfat.她一点也不胖。Glancingathismap,heinformedusthatthenextvillagewasameretwentymilesaway.amere=onlyamere+exactnumberHeoftendescribedmehowhepickedupthepaintingforamere5dollars.ItwasnotthatBrucealwaysunderestimateddifficulties.Hesimplyhadnosenseofdangeratall.itwasnotthat…并不说，倒不是说…，并非（Itwasnot(tosay)……..）notthat…but(that)不是…而是并非完全否定，而是一般承认前句，一般降低前句的程度Itisnotthat…..but(that)……ItisnotthatIamnotsatisfiedbutthatIhavemyownbusinesstoattendto.NothatIdislikethework,butIhavenotimetodoit.Nomatterwhattheconditionswere,hebelievedthatacarshouldbedrivenasfastasitcouldpossiblygo.Nomatterwhattheconditionswere,…/whatevertheconditionswere,…nomatterwhathappens无论如何，也要（usedtosaythatyouwilldefinitelydosth）eg.I'llbetherenomatterwhat.nomatterhownomatterwherenomatterwhoeg.Nomatterhowlateitwas,myparentsalwayswaitedupforme.（Howeverlateitwas,…）…acarshouldbedrivenasfastasitcouldpossiblygo.letacarrip.Aswebumpedoverthedustytrack,weswervedtoavoidlargeboulders.Thewheelsscoopedupstoneswhichhammeredominouslyunderthecar.bump[bʌmp]n.肿块，隆起物；撞击vi.碰撞，撞击；颠簸而行vt.碰，撞；颠簸主要指具体东西的有力碰撞，也可指碰到困难或障碍。bumpover颠簸eg.Webumpedoverthedustytrack.eg.Ourcarbumpedupanddownontheroughandrockyroad.bumpsthon/against(tohitorknockagainststh)撞到什么上面eg.Ibumpedmyheadonthedoor.bumpintosb:tomeetsb偶遇eg.Ibumpedintoanacquaintancebychance.eg.Whydidyoubumpintome

Youhadthewholestreetandyoupickedme?Wefeltsurethatsoonerorlaterastonewouldripaholeinourpetroltankordamagetheengine.soonerorlater早晚eg.Ifweletthecarrip,soonerorlaterwe'llhaveanaccident.eg.There'snothingtoworryabout.Hewillcometoourrescuesoonerorlater.Becauseofthis,wekeptlookingback,wonderingifwewereleavingatrailofoilandpetrolbehindus.wondering…现在分词，做目的状语想知道，想弄个明白（同时注意leaving现在时的语感）eg.Ilookedupofthewindow,wonderingwhatwasgoingoutside.lookback1)向后看vieg.Ilookedbacktofindastrangerrightafterme.2)tothinkaboutsththathappenedintheback回首从前（往昔）；回想lookbackonvteg.WhenIlookedbackonthosedaysthatIspentinthecollege,IfeltIcouldhavedonebetter.eg.Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iregardeditasthebestmomentinlife.lookahead向前看，展望未来eg.Lookingahead,wearefullofconfidence.lookforwardtodoing期待eg.Ilookforwardtoyourreturninghomesoon.Whatareliefitwaswhentheboulderssuddenlydisappeared,givingwaytoastretchofplainwheretheonlyobstacleswereclumpsofbushes.whatarelief大感欣慰的是…eg.WhatareliefitwaswhenIslippedintotheofficelatewithoutbeingnoticed.toone'srelief令人大感欣慰的是…如释重负（松了一口气）eg.Toourgreatreliefthechildrenallwentbackhomeontime.…，givingwaytoastretchof……,givingwayto现在分词短语，作结果状语givewayto让位给…，转变为…eg.Radiohasgivenwaytotelevisioninpopularity.电视机越来越普及，逐渐取代了收音机。eg.Asthedaysgrowlonger,wintergiversitswaytospring.由于天渐渐变长了，冬天要去了，春天快来了！Buttherewasworsetocome.theworsetocomethenewyeartocomethebesttocomeJustaheadofustherewasahugefissure.Inresponsetorenewedpleadings,Brucestopped.justaheadofus地点状语从句aheadof在…前面；先于，早于…，领先eg.Iwalkedaheadofothers.eg.Therewerefourpeopleaheadofmeatthedoctor's.aheadoftime/aheadofschedule提前theyearsahead今后几年thedaysahead今后几天inresponseto==inreactionto应…，响应…moveinresponsetoagustofwindeg.Inresponsetoaninvitation,weattendthemeeting.我们应邀参加了会议。eg.Inresponsetohisrenewedpleadings,theantiquedealerprizedthepackingcaseopen.Thoughweallgotouttoexaminethefissure,heremainedinthecar.remaininthecarstayatthewheel留在车里Weinformedhimthatthefissureextendedforfiftyyardsandwastwofeetwideandfourfeetdeep.extendfor/extendtoyard院子，码英制中丈量长度单位，1码=3英尺eg.Theholeextendstodepthoftwometers.这个洞深达2米。eg.Theroadextendsforawidthofthreemeters.risetoaheightof高达…eg.Everestrisestoaheightof8,848m.haveaspanof跨度eg.Thebridgehasaspanof30m.eg.Theoldmanenjoysalifespanof100.coveranareaof覆盖了多少的面积eg.Chinacoversanareaof9,600,000squarekilometers.Eventhishadnoeffect./eventhisledtonoresult./eventhiswentfornothing.Brucewentinto(engaged)alowgearanddroveataterrifyingspeed,keepingthefrontwheelsastridethecrackashefolloweditszigzagcourse.terrifying为夸张用法keeping…course现在分词短语，作方式状语，修饰drove。zigzagn.“之”字形eg.Thepathzigzaggeddownthehillside.这条小路蜿蜒通向山下。eg.Thepathsnakeditswaydownthehill.eg.Thepathwindsitswaythroughtheforest.从这一句能看出，裂缝是路向前裂开，而非横向裂开Beforewehadtimetoworryaboutwhatmighthappen,wewerebackontheplainagain.beforewe