英语修辞手法figuresofspeech课件

Figuresofspeech1编辑课件Figuresofspeech1编辑课件FigurativeLanguagemetaphorAlliterationpersonificationsimileassonanceonomatopoeia2编辑课件FigurativeLanguagemetaphorAllWordsareeitherliteralorfigurativeLiteral

原意Wordsusedintheiroriginalmeaningsareusedliterally.Figurative

比喻义Wordsusedinextendedmeaningsforthepurposeofmakingcomparisonsorcallinguppicturesinthereader’sorlistener’smindareusedfiguratively.3编辑课件WordsareeitherliteralorficolourfulIn“acolourfulgarden”thewordcolourfulisusedinitsliteralsensetodescribethemanydifferentcoloursoftheflowersin“acolourfullife”or“acolourfulcareer”thewordisusedinitsfigurativesensebecauseneitherlifeorcareerhasanycolour.4编辑课件colourfulIn“acolourfulgardeThemostcommonfiguresofspeechSimile直喻Metaphor

暗喻5编辑课件ThemostcommonfiguresofspeWhat’sthedifference?Literal“Heranquicklydownthestreet.”Simile“Heranlikeaharedownthestreet.”Metaphor“Hehared（如野兔般疾走奔跑）downthestreet.”6编辑课件What’sthedifference?Literal6simileSimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoquitedifferentthingsarecomparedastheyseemsimilarinaway.Thiskindofcomparisonisnormallyintroducedby“like”or“as”.7编辑课件simileSimileisafigureofspSimile:awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingitwithsomethingelseusing"like"or"as"8编辑课件Simile:8编辑课件Iamhungryasahorse.

Yourunlikearabbit.

Heissneakyasasnake.Sheishappyasaclam.9编辑课件Iamhungryasahorse.

ExampleofsimileThemysteriousobject...hasafacethat'sasroundasthemoonhashandslikegoldenarrowsisastallasatowerblockhasavoicelikeagong（锣）andisasfamousasanypopstar.BigBen10编辑课件ExampleofsimileThemysteriouExampleofsimileTimeflieslikeanarrowFruitflieslikeabanana（果蝇爱香蕉）11编辑课件ExampleofsimileTimeflieslimetaphorAfigureofspeechwhichconsistsinsubstitutingforthenameofathingthenameofanattribute（

属性）ofitorofsomethingcloselyrelated.Animpliedcomparisonbetweentwoobjectsthataregenerallydifferentbutsharearecognizablesimilaritywithouttheuseof“like”or“as”.12编辑课件metaphorAfigureofspeechwhiMetaphor:Awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingittosomethingelse13编辑课件Metaphor:Awayofdescribing13Thegirlwasafishinthewater.Theclownwasafeatherfloatingaway.14编辑课件ThegirlwasafishinthewatPlato“…thegreatestthingbyfaristobeamasterofmetaphor.Itistheonethingthatcannotbelearntfromothers,anditisalsoasignofgenius,sinceagoodmetaphorimpliesanintuitiveperception（直觉）

ofthesimilarityindissimilars.”15编辑课件Plato“…thegreatestthingbyfExampleofmetaphorLifeisayo-yo（哟哟球）.It'saseriesofupsanddowns.16编辑课件ExampleofmetaphorLifeisayMixedmetaphorsOnedangerinusingmetaphorsisthepossibilityofbeginningwithonecomparisonandendingwithanotherThisiscalledamixedmetaphor（混合隐喻；多重隐喻）17编辑课件MixedmetaphorsOnedangerinuExampleofmixedmetaphors“Wemustsolvetherootproblem,orthelinewillbedrawninthesand,andwe’llbebackinthesoupagain.”RootcomparestheproblemtoaplantLinedrawninthesandmeansanuncrossableboundarySoupisafoodandmeansbeinginamess18编辑课件Exampleofmixedmetaphors“WeMixedmetaphorsShakespeareHamletproposes“totakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles”（是起而反抗这数不清的忧伤）TheTallGuy(1989film)“She‘slikeahungryleopard(豹)infullbloom."19编辑课件MixedmetaphorsShakespeare19编辑ExtendedmetaphorJFKennedy“Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavour（努力，尝试）willlightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglow（微弱稳定的光）fromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld."20编辑课件ExtendedmetaphorJFKennedy20Personificationtocomparesomethingthatisnothumanasifithadhumancharacteristics21编辑课件Personification21编辑课件

Theflowersdancedinthewind.TheEarthcoughedandchokedinallofthepollution.Thefriendlygateswelcomedus.22编辑课件

Personification拟人Thisinvolvesturninganobject–eitherinanimate（无生命的）ornatural–intoahumanoranimalform,withhumanoranimalactionsandfeelings.23编辑课件Personification拟人ThisinvolvesExampleofpersonificationMycarwhines（哀鸣；惨叫）inpainasitclimbsupsteep（陡峭的）

hills.Thetablegroaned（呻吟）

undertheweightofthefoodplacedonit.24编辑课件ExampleofpersonificationMycMetonymy借代Thesubstitutionofanounforanothercloselyassociatednoun.Thesubstitutednounderives（获得）

itsmeaninginthecontextitisusedbytheassociationproducedinthereadersmind.25编辑课件Metonymy借代ThesubstitutionofExampleofmetonymyIncontemporaryEnglishwhenwespeakofastatementfromthe“WhiteHouse”weunderstandthatthisisnotatalkingbuilding,butanofficialcommunicationwiththeauthorityofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswholivesintheWhiteHouse.Thepenismightier（强而有力的）

thanthesword.26编辑课件ExampleofmetonymyIncontempoHyperbole夸张Hyperboleisafigureofspeechwhichcontainsadeliberateexaggeration（故意夸大）

–tocoin（创造（新词语））

aphrase,thisiswhenwriters‘gooverthetop’withtheiruseoflanguage,suggestingthatsomethingisthestrongest,thebest,thegreatest,whichofcoursedistorts（使变形；扭曲；使失真

）thetruth.27编辑课件Hyperbole夸张HyperboleisafiguExampleofhyperboleI’msohungryIcouldeatahorseI'vetoldyouathousandtimes,stopexaggerating.I’venotseenyouforages.It’srainingdogsandcats.28编辑课件ExampleofhyperboleI’msohununderstatement含蓄陈述TheoppositeofhyperboleStatinganideainwordsthatarelessstrongthananticipated（预期的）.tomakesomethingappearsmallerorlessimportantthanitreallyis.29编辑课件understatement含蓄陈述TheoppositeExampleofunderstatementItdoesseemtoberainingalittle.There’safewcarsouttoday,aren’tthere?30编辑课件ExampleofunderstatementItdoeuphemism委婉语WordsorphrasesthatsubstituteanagreeableorinoffensivetermforamoredirectonethatmightembarrassorsuggestsomethingunpleasantProfane(非宗教的;世俗的)wordsandexpressionsaregenerallytakenfromthreeareas:religion,toilets,andsex.31编辑课件euphemism委婉语WordsorphrasestreligionGod–gosh/gollyJesus–jeezDevil–OldNick32编辑课件religionGod–gosh/golly32编辑课件 Toiletsmen'sroom/women'sroom

thelittleboy'sroom/thelittlegirl'sroom

restroom

BathroomWashmyhandsthehead,(sailor'sterminology术语)latrine(commonmilitaryterm)33编辑课件 Toiletsmen'sroom/women'srsexSleepwithsomeoneShagBonkExchangingbodilyfluidsGettinglaid34编辑课件sexSleepwithsomeone34编辑课件deathPassedawayPassedonDepartedKickedthebucketBoughtthefarmPushingupdaisiesSleepingwiththefishes(掉水里淹死)35编辑课件deathPassedaway35编辑课件ironyStatingonethingwhilemeaningtheexactopposite.orthepersoncouldbetryingtoberude,eventhoughthewordsusedareseeminglypoliteetc.36编辑课件ironyStatingonethingwhilemExampleofironyYourfriendturnsupinripped（撕裂的）

jeans.Withasmirk（傻笑；假笑）,yousay,"Iseeyouhaveputonyourbestclothes!"37编辑课件ExampleofironyYourfriendtusarcasmSarcasmisaformofironythatiswidelyusedinEnglishespeciallywhenpeoplearebeinghumorous.Generallythesarcasticspeakerorwritermeanstheexactoppositeofthewordtheyuse,oftenintendingtoberudeortolaughatthepersonthewordsareaddressed（针对）

to.38编辑课件sarcasmSarcasmisaformofirExampleofsarcasmIlovebeingmarried.It’ssogreattofindthatonespecialpersonyouwanttoannoyfortherestofyourlifeI'dinsultyou,butyou'renotbrightenoughtonotice.Notallmenareannoying.Somearedead.39编辑课件ExampleofsarcasmIlovebeingSynecdoche（提喻：是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。提喻又称举偶法。）Afigurebywhichamorecomprehensivetermisusedforalesscomprehensiveorviceversâ;aswholeforpartorpartforwhole,genus（类，种；属）forspeciesorspeciesforgenus,etc.40编辑课件Synecdoche（提喻：是不直接说某一事物的名称，而ExampleofsynedocheAllhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板),"where"hands"isusedtodescribesailors.

41编辑课件ExampleofsynedocheAllhandsAntithesis（对比）Adirectcontrastinwhichtwosetsoffiguresaresetinoppositiontooneanother.42编辑课件Antithesis（对比）AdirectcontrasExampleofantithesis“Andso,myfellowAmericans,asknot,whatyourcountrycandoforyou.Askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”——JFKennedy'sInauguralAddressWinstonChurchill,inwhichhechallengestheLuftwaffe(theGermanairforce):“Youdoyourworst-andwewilldoourbest.”Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine（神圣的；非凡的）.43编辑课件Exampleofantithesis“Andso,Parallelism（排比）Parallelismreferstothefigureofspeechthatexpressesrelevantideasinthesameorsimilargrammaticalstructures.Ithelpsmakeasentencebrief,smoothandcoherent(连贯的)andgiveitrhythm,balanceandforce.44编辑课件Parallelism（排比）ParallelismrefExampleofparallelismTohaveandtohold

fromthisdayforward,forbetterforworse,forricherforpoorer,

insicknessandinhealth,toloveandtocherish,

tilldeathusdopart.45编辑课件ExampleofparallelismTohaveExampleofparallelismTheboywassittingunderatree,singingasongandrepairinghisbicycle.Theboywassittingunderatree,singingasongandrepairinghisbicycle.46编辑课件ExampleofparallelismTheboyOxymoron（矛盾修辞法）AncientGreek:Oxus="sharp"Moros="dull""Oxymoron"=asharpdullnessorafoolishwise....aselfcontradictingphrase.47编辑课件Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）AncientGreek:oxymoronArhetoricalfigurebywhichcontradictoryorincongruous(不一致的)termsareconjoined(结合；连结)soastogivepointtothestatementorexpression;anexpression,initssuperficialorliteralmeaningself-contradictoryorabsurd,butinvolvingapoint.(Nowoftenloosely(宽松地)orerroneously(错误地；)usedasifmerely=acontradictioninterms,anincongruousconjunction.)48编辑课件oxymoronArhetoricalfigurebyExampleofoxymoronPrettyuglyCivilwarMobilehomeDryiceWhitegoldOldnewsOriginalcopyVoicemailHalfnakedFinaldraftAlmostperfectOpensecretWorkingholidayMinorcrisisActnaturallyOnlychoice49编辑课件ExampleofoxymoronPrettyugly50编辑课件50编辑课件Pun(双关语；俏皮话)Aplayonwords"thehumoroususeofaword,orofwordswhichareformedorsoundedalikebuthavedifferentmeanings,insuchawayastoplayontwoormoreofthepossibleapplications;aplayonwords."51编辑课件Pun(双关语；俏皮话)Aplayonwords51编ExampleofpunIdoitforthepunofit.Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.What’swrongwiththisfish?Longtimenosea.Whatdolawyersdowhentheydie?Liestill.Tryoursweetcorn.Youwillsmilefromeartoear(笑得合不拢嘴).52编辑课件ExampleofpunIdoitfortheExampleofpunOldphotographersneverdie,theyjusthaveflashbacks.Thatnewmysterynovelhasakillerstarttoit.Iwonderedwhythebaseballwasgettingbigger.Thenithitme.Hewantedtoflyakite,butitwasoverhishead.Thehospitallabisrecruiting.They'relookingfornewblood.53编辑课件ExampleofpunOldphotographerCliché（陈词滥调，老生常谈）Aclichéisahackneyed（陈腐的；平庸的）phraseorexpression.Thephrasemayoncehavebeenfreshorstriking（显著突出的）,butithasbecometiredthroughover-use.54编辑课件Cliché（陈词滥调，老生常谈）AclichéisaExampleofclichéNopain,nogainEverycoinhastwosidesLast,butnotleast,avoidcliché‘sliketheplague（瘟疫）.55编辑课件ExampleofclichéNopain,nogParadox（自相矛盾，悖论）Paradoxisafigureofspeechinwhichastatementappearstobeself-contradictory,butcontainssomethingofatruth.Paradoxisusedforemphasisorstylisticeffect.56编辑课件Paradox（自相矛盾，悖论）ParadoxisafExampleofparadoxThechildisfathertotheman.Cowards（懦夫）

diemanytimesbeforetheirdeath.57编辑课件ExampleofparadoxThechildisZeno’sparadox(芝诺,希腊哲学家)TheTortoisechallengedAchillestoarace,claimingthathewouldwinaslongasAchillesgavehimasmallheadstart（先行一点点).Achilleslaughedatthis,forofcoursehewasamightywarriorandswiftoffoot,whereastheTortoisewasheavyandslow.

58编辑课件Zeno’sparadox(芝诺,希腊哲学家)TheToZeno’sparadox“Howbigaheadstartdoyouneed?”heaskedtheTortoisewithasmile.“Tenmeters,”thelatterreplied.Achilleslaughedlouderthanever.“Youwillsurelylose,myfriend,inthatcase,”hetoldtheTortoise,“butletusrace,ifyouwishit.”

59编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“HowbigaheadZeno’sparadoxOnthecontrary,”saidtheTortoise,“Iwillwin,andIcanproveittoyoubyasimpleargument.”

60编辑课件Zeno’sparadoxOnthecontrary,Zeno’sparadox“Goonthen,”Achillesreplied,withlessconfidencethanhefeltbefore.Heknewhewasthesuperiorathlete,buthealsoknewtheTortoisehadthesharperwits（智慧),andhehadlostmanyabewildering(使人困惑的)argumentwithhimbeforethis.

61编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Goonthen,”AcZeno’sparadox“Suppose,”begantheTortoise,“thatyougivemea10-meterheadstart.Wouldyousaythatyoucouldcoverthat10metersbetweenusveryquickly?”“Veryquickly,”Achillesaffirmed(断言；肯定）.“Andinthattime,howfarshouldIhavegone,doyouthink?”

62编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Suppose,”beganZeno’sparadox“Perhapsameter–nomore,”saidAchillesafteramoment'sthought.“Verywell,”repliedtheTortoise,“sonowthereisameterbetweenus.Andyouwouldcatchupthatdistanceveryquickly?”“Veryquicklyindeed!”

63编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“PerhapsameterZeno’sparadox“Andyet,inthattimeIshallhavegonealittlewayfarther,sothatnowyoumustcatchthatdistanceup,yes?”Ye-es,”saidAchillesslowly.“Andwhileyouaredoingso,Ishallhavegonealittlewayfarther,sothatyoumustthencatchupthenewdistance,”theTortoisecontinuedsmoothly.

64编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Andyet,inthaZeno’sparadoxAchillessaidnothing.“Andsoyousee,ineachmomentyoumustbecatchingupthedistancebetweenus,andyetI–atthesametime–willbeaddinganewdistance,howeversmall,foryoutocatchupagain.”“Indeed,itmustbeso,”saidAchilleswearily.

65编辑课件Zeno’sparadoxAchillessaidnoZeno’sparadox“Andsoyoucannevercatchup,”theTortoiseconcludedsympathetically.“Youareright,asalways,”saidAchillessadly–andconceded（让步）

therace.

66编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“AndsoyoucanFiguresofspeechtodowithsoundSomefiguresofspeecharechosenbecauseofthesoundtheymake.Somepoetsorprosewritersoftenchooseawordtoechothemeaning67编辑课件FiguresofspeechtodowithsAlliteration（押头韵）Alliterationistherepetitionofconsonantsounds（辅音字母）

68编辑课件Alliteration（押头韵）AlliterationExampleofalliterationAlso,avoidawkwardoraffected（做作，不自然）

alliteration.69编辑课件ExampleofalliterationAlso,aAssonance（半谐音，押韵）assonanceistherepetitionofvowel（sounds元音）.70编辑课件Assonance（半谐音，押韵）assonanceisExampleofassonance71编辑课件Exampleofassonance71编辑课件Onomatopoeia（拟声；声喻法）(pronounced:'onno-motto-pay-uh')Onomatopoeiaisafigureofspeechinwhichthesoundofawordechoesthethingitdescribes.Itisaformofsymbolisminsound.72编辑课件Onomatopoeia（拟声；声喻法）(pronounceExampleofonomatopoeiaHiss（嘘声）Sizzle（嘶嘶声）Cuckoo（杜鹃叫）Buzz（嗡嗡声）Beep（嘟嘟响）ding-dong（门铃声；争吵）Bang（发巨响；重击）73编辑课件ExampleofonomatopoeiaHiss（嘘声Alliteration:Repetitionofthefirstconsonant74编辑课件Alliteration:74编辑课件

StanthestrongsurfersavedseveralswimmersonSaturday.TinyTommyThomsontakestoytruckstoTimmy’sonTuesday.Clickheretoreadmorealliterations.75编辑课件

Assonance:Therepetitionofinternalvowelsounds.Doesn'thavetorhyme!!76编辑课件Assonance:76编辑课件Onomatopoeia:Wordsthataresounds77编辑课件Onomatopoeia:77编辑课件

PrincessKittywillkissTimmyT.Tippers’slipsThepainmaydrainDrake,butmaybetheweightisfake.78编辑课件

Chugchugchug!!SwishswishswishYeeeeeeAhhhhhhhhGlipppGlupppGluppp79编辑课件

Nowyoutry!!80编辑课件Nowyoutry!!80编辑课件

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Figuresofspeech85编辑课件Figuresofspeech1编辑课件FigurativeLanguagemetaphorAlliterationpersonificationsimileassonanceonomatopoeia86编辑课件FigurativeLanguagemetaphorAllWordsareeitherliteralorfigurativeLiteral

原意Wordsusedintheiroriginalmeaningsareusedliterally.Figurative

比喻义Wordsusedinextendedmeaningsforthepurposeofmakingcomparisonsorcallinguppicturesinthereader’sorlistener’smindareusedfiguratively.87编辑课件WordsareeitherliteralorficolourfulIn“acolourfulgarden”thewordcolourfulisusedinitsliteralsensetodescribethemanydifferentcoloursoftheflowersin“acolourfullife”or“acolourfulcareer”thewordisusedinitsfigurativesensebecauseneitherlifeorcareerhasanycolour.88编辑课件colourfulIn“acolourfulgardeThemostcommonfiguresofspeechSimile直喻Metaphor

暗喻89编辑课件ThemostcommonfiguresofspeWhat’sthedifference?Literal“Heranquicklydownthestreet.”Simile“Heranlikeaharedownthestreet.”Metaphor“Hehared（如野兔般疾走奔跑）downthestreet.”90编辑课件What’sthedifference?Literal6simileSimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoquitedifferentthingsarecomparedastheyseemsimilarinaway.Thiskindofcomparisonisnormallyintroducedby“like”or“as”.91编辑课件simileSimileisafigureofspSimile:awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingitwithsomethingelseusing"like"or"as"92编辑课件Simile:8编辑课件Iamhungryasahorse.

Yourunlikearabbit.

Heissneakyasasnake.Sheishappyasaclam.93编辑课件Iamhungryasahorse.

ExampleofsimileThemysteriousobject...hasafacethat'sasroundasthemoonhashandslikegoldenarrowsisastallasatowerblockhasavoicelikeagong（锣）andisasfamousasanypopstar.BigBen94编辑课件ExampleofsimileThemysteriouExampleofsimileTimeflieslikeanarrowFruitflieslikeabanana（果蝇爱香蕉）95编辑课件ExampleofsimileTimeflieslimetaphorAfigureofspeechwhichconsistsinsubstitutingforthenameofathingthenameofanattribute（

属性）ofitorofsomethingcloselyrelated.Animpliedcomparisonbetweentwoobjectsthataregenerallydifferentbutsharearecognizablesimilaritywithouttheuseof“like”or“as”.96编辑课件metaphorAfigureofspeechwhiMetaphor:Awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingittosomethingelse97编辑课件Metaphor:Awayofdescribing13Thegirlwasafishinthewater.Theclownwasafeatherfloatingaway.98编辑课件ThegirlwasafishinthewatPlato“…thegreatestthingbyfaristobeamasterofmetaphor.Itistheonethingthatcannotbelearntfromothers,anditisalsoasignofgenius,sinceagoodmetaphorimpliesanintuitiveperception（直觉）

ofthesimilarityindissimilars.”99编辑课件Plato“…thegreatestthingbyfExampleofmetaphorLifeisayo-yo（哟哟球）.It'saseriesofupsanddowns.100编辑课件ExampleofmetaphorLifeisayMixedmetaphorsOnedangerinusingmetaphorsisthepossibilityofbeginningwithonecomparisonandendingwithanotherThisiscalledamixedmetaphor（混合隐喻；多重隐喻）101编辑课件MixedmetaphorsOnedangerinuExampleofmixedmetaphors“Wemustsolvetherootproblem,orthelinewillbedrawninthesand,andwe’llbebackinthesoupagain.”RootcomparestheproblemtoaplantLinedrawninthesandmeansanuncrossableboundarySoupisafoodandmeansbeinginamess102编辑课件Exampleofmixedmetaphors“WeMixedmetaphorsShakespeareHamletproposes“totakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles”（是起而反抗这数不清的忧伤）TheTallGuy(1989film)“She‘slikeahungryleopard(豹)infullbloom."103编辑课件MixedmetaphorsShakespeare19编辑ExtendedmetaphorJFKennedy“Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavour（努力，尝试）willlightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglow（微弱稳定的光）fromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld."104编辑课件ExtendedmetaphorJFKennedy20Personificationtocomparesomethingthatisnothumanasifithadhumancharacteristics105编辑课件Personification21编辑课件

Theflowersdancedinthewind.TheEarthcoughedandchokedinallofthepollution.Thefriendlygateswelcomedus.106编辑课件

Personification拟人Thisinvolvesturninganobject–eitherinanimate（无生命的）ornatural–intoahumanoranimalform,withhumanoranimalactionsandfeelings.107编辑课件Personification拟人ThisinvolvesExampleofpersonificationMycarwhines（哀鸣；惨叫）inpainasitclimbsupsteep（陡峭的）

hills.Thetablegroaned（呻吟）

undertheweightofthefoodplacedonit.108编辑课件ExampleofpersonificationMycMetonymy借代Thesubstitutionofanounforanothercloselyassociatednoun.Thesubstitutednounderives（获得）

itsmeaninginthecontextitisusedbytheassociationproducedinthereadersmind.109编辑课件Metonymy借代ThesubstitutionofExampleofmetonymyIncontemporaryEnglishwhenwespeakofastatementfromthe“WhiteHouse”weunderstandthatthisisnotatalkingbuilding,butanofficialcommunicationwiththeauthorityofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswholivesintheWhiteHouse.Thepenismightier（强而有力的）

thanthesword.110编辑课件ExampleofmetonymyIncontempoHyperbole夸张Hyperboleisafigureofspeechwhichcontainsadeliberateexaggeration（故意夸大）

–tocoin（创造（新词语））

aphrase,thisiswhenwriters‘gooverthetop’withtheiruseoflanguage,suggestingthatsomethingisthestrongest,thebest,thegreatest,whichofcoursedistorts（使变形；扭曲；使失真

）thetruth.111编辑课件Hyperbole夸张HyperboleisafiguExampleofhyperboleI’msohungryIcouldeatahorseI'vetoldyouathousandtimes,stopexaggerating.I’venotseenyouforages.It’srainingdogsandcats.112编辑课件ExampleofhyperboleI’msohununderstatement含蓄陈述TheoppositeofhyperboleStatinganideainwordsthatarelessstrongthananticipated（预期的）.tomakesomethingappearsmallerorlessimportantthanitreallyis.113编辑课件understatement含蓄陈述TheoppositeExampleofunderstatementItdoesseemtoberainingalittle.There’safewcarsouttoday,aren’tthere?114编辑课件ExampleofunderstatementItdoeuphemism委婉语WordsorphrasesthatsubstituteanagreeableorinoffensivetermforamoredirectonethatmightembarrassorsuggestsomethingunpleasantProfane(非宗教的;世俗的)wordsandexpressionsaregenerallytakenfromthreeareas:religion,toilets,andsex.115编辑课件euphemism委婉语WordsorphrasestreligionGod–gosh/gollyJesus–jeezDevil–OldNick116编辑课件religionGod–gosh/golly32编辑课件 Toiletsmen'sroom/women'sroom

thelittleboy'sroom/thelittlegirl'sroom

restroom

BathroomWashmyhandsthehead,(sailor'sterminology术语)latrine(commonmilitaryterm)117编辑课件 Toiletsmen'sroom/women'srsexSleepwithsomeoneShagBonkExchangingbodilyfluidsGettinglaid118编辑课件sexSleepwithsomeone34编辑课件deathPassedawayPassedonDepartedKickedthebucketBoughtthefarmPushingupdaisiesSleepingwiththefishes(掉水里淹死)119编辑课件deathPassedaway35编辑课件ironyStatingonethingwhilemeaningtheexactopposite.orthepersoncouldbetryingtoberude,eventhoughthewordsusedareseeminglypoliteetc.120编辑课件ironyStatingonethingwhilemExampleofironyYourfriendturnsupinripped（撕裂的）

jeans.Withasmirk（傻笑；假笑）,yousay,"Iseeyouhaveputonyourbestclothes!"121编辑课件ExampleofironyYourfriendtusarcasmSarcasmisaformofironythatiswidelyusedinEnglishespeciallywhenpeoplearebeinghumorous.Generallythesarcasticspeakerorwritermeanstheexactoppositeofthewordtheyuse,oftenintendingtoberudeortolaughatthepersonthewordsareaddressed（针对）

to.122编辑课件sarcasmSarcasmisaformofirExampleofsarcasmIlovebeingmarried.It’ssogreattofindthatonespecialpersonyouwanttoannoyfortherestofyourlifeI'dinsultyou,butyou'renotbrightenoughtonotice.Notallmenareannoying.Somearedead.123编辑课件ExampleofsarcasmIlovebeingSynecdoche（提喻：是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。提喻又称举偶法。）Afigurebywhichamorecomprehensivetermisusedforalesscomprehensiveorviceversâ;aswholeforpartorpartforwhole,genus（类，种；属）forspeciesorspeciesforgenus,etc.124编辑课件Synecdoche（提喻：是不直接说某一事物的名称，而ExampleofsynedocheAllhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板),"where"hands"isusedtodescribesailors.

125编辑课件ExampleofsynedocheAllhandsAntithesis（对比）Adirectcontrastinwhichtwosetsoffiguresaresetinoppositiontooneanother.126编辑课件Antithesis（对比）AdirectcontrasExampleofantithesis“Andso,myfellowAmericans,asknot,whatyourcountrycandoforyou.Askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”——JFKennedy'sInauguralAddressWinstonChurchill,inwhichhechallengestheLuftwaffe(theGermanairforce):“Youdoyourworst-andwewilldoourbest.”Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine（神圣的；非凡的）.127编辑课件Exampleofantithesis“Andso,Parallelism（排比）Parallelismreferstothefigureofspeechthatexpressesrelevantideasinthesameorsimilargrammaticalstructures.Ithelpsmakeasentencebrief,smoothandcoherent(连贯的)andgiveitrhythm,balanceandforce.128编辑课件Parallelism（排比