Unit2 并列句-复合句 学案 -高考英语一轮复习

高三英语完胜语法9学习目标：（LearningAims）1、通过分析典型句子，了解并列句和复合句的特点；学习目标：（LearningAims）1、通过分析典型句子，了解并列句和复合句的特点；2、通过观察、学习例句，能够判断并列句、复合句；3、通过持续相关训练，能够在阅读中快速断句和分析句子结构，能在作文中用正确的并列句和复合句表达自己的思想。学法导航：并列句和复合句是高考的必考点。高考常常将对他们的考查融入到完形、阅读理解中，往往需要分析文中的长难句。此外，在口头表达和书面表达中恰当使用并列句和复合句，能使表达更准确、更丰富也更有逻辑性。这就要求我们对并列句的结构，并列连词的特定含义和用法，以及复合句的类型非常熟悉，并逐渐培养对句型、结构、成分以及并列句中的并列连词和复合句中的关系词的敏感度。Ⅰ.DiscoveringUsefulStructures句子是英语中的最小语篇单位，对句子准确的分析是阅读和写作的重要保障。试分析以下句子的层次。Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus,wealltooksomethingfromhim.Assadasitwas,Icouldn’thelpsmiling.Ⅱ.SummarizingUsefulStructures一、并列句并列句是由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句+并列连词+分句。表示承接和递进关系。表示并列关系和递进关系的并列连词有and,both…and….,aswellas,notonly…butalso..,neither…nor等Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.Bobaswellashisparentsisgoingonholidaythissummer.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Ihaveneithertimenormoneyfortheball.表示转折和对比关系。表示转折和对比关系的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,(and)yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.(yet在句中可以作副词，用作andyet；也可以作连词)I’dliketostudylawwhile(whereas)mycousinprefersgeography.比较：however/nevertheless/nonetheless(adv.)Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.Theproblemsarenotserious.Nonetheless,weshallneedtotacklethemsoon.即学即练[2018湖南湘东五校联考]PopsingerLuHanpostedasnapofhimselfleaningonthepostboxlastFridaynight.Itreceivedmorethan800,000likesonhisWeiboaccount,____thefeverwasn’tjustonline.[2017吉林长春期中联考，69]BeforecomingtoChina,Iwaswarnedthattherewereawfuldriverswhowouldmakelongdetours(绕行)togethigherfares.______,mosttaxidriversIhavemetarenice.答案:but;However表示选择关系表示选择关系的并列连词有or,orelse,otherwise,either..or..,not…but…等。OurteacherisnotanEnglishman，butanAmerican．Shewasn'tinvolvedindrugsoranythinglikethat.即学即练[2018吉林百校联盟联考]Asavisitororguestin_______aChinesehomeorrestaurant,youwillfindthattablemannersareessentialinourdailylife!答案：either表示因果关系表示因果关系的并列连词有so,for等。Theshopdoesn’topenuntil11a.m.,soitlosesalotofbusiness.比较：therefore/thus(adv.)Theircarwasbiggerandthereforemorecomfortable.

Theoilproducerswillraiseprices,thusincreasingtheirprofits.Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.比较：because(从属连词，引导原因状语从句，位置可放在句首或句中)Wedidn'tenjoythedaybecausetheweatherwassoawful.

Becausehehadbeeninprison,employerswereunwillingtoofferhimajob.而for是并列连词，用来连接两个简单句，因而位置只能在句中，通常用来解释“推断的理由”或表示“补充或附加的原因”。Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundissowet.表示条件或结果常用句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”即学即练【2015四川】Readthisstory,______youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.【2017北京】Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,____youcouldhaveproblems.答案:and;or二、复合句(一)、定义：是由一个主句和一个及一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只作句子中的一个成分，不能单独成句。但从句有自己的主语和谓语等，一般由连接词引导。（二）、类型：状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句。1、含状语从句的复合句。在复合句中修饰主语谓语动词的从句叫状语从句。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、方式、条件、让步、比较等状语从句。Whilebirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Jazzisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic.2、含定语从句的复合句。在复合句中修饰名词或代词作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。Someplantspumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofsaltandfat,whichisnotgoodforthehealth!3.含名词性从句的复合句。在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的作用，名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysinhisoffice.Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness---that’swhatI’ddoifIhadthemoney.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.三、并列句和复合句之间的转换在一定条件下，并列句和复合句可以相互转换。并列句转换为复合句，可以根据句意把其中一个分句转化为从句，再加上相应的从属连词。It’sfoggytoday,sowecan’tseethedistanthills.（并列句）Becauseit’sfoggytoday,wecan’tseethedistanthills.（含有条件状语从句的复合句）复合句转换成并列句，需把一个从句转换成一个分句，再加上一个合适的并列连词或者具有并列连词作用的分号。Thoughhehasbeentoldseveraltimes,hestillcan’tunderstandit.（含有让步状语从句的复合句）Hehasbeentoldseveraltimes,buthestillcan’tunderstandit.（含有并列连词的并列句）Hehasbeentoldseveraltimes;however,hestillcan’tunderstandit.（不含并列连词的并列句）注意：并列连词和从属连词不能在同一句中一并使用。典型错误：Althoughhehadonlyenteredthecontestforfun,buthewonfirstprize.Becausehedidhisverybestineverything,sohesucceeded.Ⅲ.Practice单句改错Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,andnoneisusefultomyknowledge.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.Itwasafineday,manychildrenwentswimming.Givenhelpifyoucan,andourcompanywillimprovemorequickly.Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimesafteritfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”.IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whenmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.Thatparentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.It’snoteasytochangehabits,forwithawarenessandself-control,itispossible.Shewonfirstprizeinthespeechcontestandwhichsurprisedus.完成句子Heisashyman,__________heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,_________hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.__________aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater,theearthlooksblue.Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,_________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyand_________deservesourrespect.Thecompositionisallright;thereisroomforimprovement,_____________.IwasdrivingdowntoLondon_________IsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.Sheaskedme_________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.Myeldestson,_________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.Today,wewillbegin__________westoppedyesterday.---Peter,pleasesenduspostcards_____we’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery____anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside______fullycoveredinthickclothes.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_____youfigureitout.Givemeachance,______I’llgiveyouasurprise.合成句子Anattractivecampuscanmakeourlearningpleasant.Itcanimproveourgrades.____________________________________________________________________________________Somestudentsspendalotoftimeonlearning.Theydon’tdowellinexams.____________________________________________________________________________________Weshouldmakeaplan.Weknowhowtomakefulluseofourtime.____________________________________________________________________________________Ourbrainsneedagoodrestfromtimetotime.Itisagoodideatocombinelearningwithfun.____________________________________________________________________________________Allstudentsinourschoolarewelcometojointheclub.Thestudentsenjoytakingphotosandwanttoimprovetheir