【KS5U解析】北京市门头沟区2020届高三二模英语试题 Word版含解析

门头沟区2020年高三年级综合练习高三英语考生须知1．本试卷共12页，分为三部分，第一部分知识运用，30个小题，共45分；第二部分阅读理解，20小题，共40分；第三部分书面表达，2道小题，共35分。2．请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。3．试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。请使用2b铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答4.考试时间100分钟，试卷满分120分。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）a阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。chinaisdevelopinganext-generationspacecraftforhumanspaceflight___1___wouldallowastronautstotraveltothemoonandotherdeep-spacedestinations.

china___2___(become)thethirdcountrytoindependentlysendastronautsintospacein2003whenyangliweiorbitedearthintheshenzhou-5spacecraft.howevershenzhouvisnotdesignedfortheenvironmentofdeepspace.thenewspacecraft,whichhasnotyetbeennamed,willorbitbeyondlow-earthorbit(leo),___3___(carry)fourtosixastronauts.【答案】1.that/which2.became3.carrying【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国正在开发下一代载人航天飞船，使宇航员能够前往月球和其他深空目的地。文章还介绍了中国2003年发射的神舟五号飞船的情况。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国正在开发下一代载人航天飞船，使宇航员能够前往月球和其他深空目的地。本句为定于从句修饰先行词spacecraft，且先行词在从句中作主语，指“航天飞船”故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。【2题详解】考查动词时态。句意：2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为第三个独立将宇航员送入太空的国家。根据后文时间状语in2003可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填became。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这艘尚未命名的新飞船将搭载4到6名宇航员绕近地轨道运行。分析句子结构可知carry在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语spacecraft构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填carrying。b阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。about65%ofamericanssaytheyhavedifficultyfallingasleepafew___4___(night)eachweek,accordingtoarecentstudy___5___(make)bythenationalsleepfoundation.sleepingtoolittlecanleadtoahigherriskofbecomingfatandgettingdepressed.someofyourfavouriteeveninghabitsmayhavesomethingtodowithsleepingproblems.forexample,thelightofyourbrightalarmclockcanpreventyou___6___fallingasleep.youshouldmakeyourroomasdarkaspossible.what’smore,it’snotgoodtoexerciselateatnight.fiercephysicalactivitiesraiseyourbodytemperatureandarebadforagoodnight’ssleep.【答案】4.nights5.made6.from【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了有大约65%的美国人有睡眠问题。4题详解】考查名词单复数。句意：根据国家睡眠组织最近所做的研究，大约65%的美国人每周有几晚都会有入睡问题。在这里afew要修饰可数名词的复数，所以这里的night要以复数形式出现。故填nights。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据国家睡眠组织最近所做的研究，大约65%的美国人每周有几晚都会有入睡问题。在这句话中，accordingto是一个介词短语，后面不能跟句子，所以动词make就要以非谓语的形式出现，这里arecentstudy和make之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填made。【6题详解】考查固定句型。句意：闹钟的亮光会阻止你入睡。阻止某人做某事，用固定句型preventsbfromdoingsth。故填from。c阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。aweekbeforeearthday,posters___7___(put)uparoundourschool,callinguponustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.ourclasscameupwiththeidea___8___(make)betteruseofusedmaterials.webroughttoourclassroomworn-outclothes,piecesofcardboardandemptyplasticbottlesandturnedthoseintodolls,handbags,tissueboxesandsmallvases.thatweekend,wewenttoanearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemawaytothepeoplethere.allwereveryhappywiththose___9___(expect)gifts,especiallylittlekidsandelderlypeople.wedidsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.weareveryproudof____10____(we)andbelievewecandomoreforabetterworld.【答案】7.wereput8.tomake9.unexpected10.ourselves【解析】本文为记叙文。本文作者讲述了地球日前一周，作者和同学参加了学校组织的“地球日”一系列活动。【7题详解】考查被动语态。句意：在地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，号召我们加入到建设一个更绿色地球的行动中来。分析句子可知，本句的主语posters与谓语动词putup二者是被动关系，要用被动语态。根据时间状语aweekbeforeearthday（在地球日的前一周）是过去的时间状语，要用一般过去时，因此本空格要用一般过去时的被动，故填wereput。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地利用旧材料，我们班想出了这个主意。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作目的状语，一般要用动词不定式作目的状语，故填tomake。【9题详解】考查形容词。句意：收到这些意想不到的礼物，大家都很高兴，尤其是小孩子和老人。根据上文“我们把破旧的衣服、纸板和空塑料瓶带到教室里，把它们变成玩偶、手提包、纸巾盒和小花瓶。那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区，把它们送给了那里的人”，由此可知，这些礼物对于那里的人们来说，是意料之外的，想不到的。空格处在句中作定语，修饰代词those，要用形容词，故填unexpected。【10题详解】考查反身代词。句意：我们为我们自己感到骄傲，相信我们可以为更美好的世界做更多的事。分析句子可知，此处是指我们为我们自己感到骄傲，所以空格处要用反身代词，“我们自己”即ourselves，故填ourselves。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。onfridayafternoonclasssevenhadanartlesson.itwastheirfavouritelessonoftheweek.everyone___11___trudyhubblelookedforwardtoit.trudyhadarmsthatstuckoutandalwaysknockedthingsover.whentrudycameintotheclassroom,robmasonsaid,“lookout,herecomestrouble!”allthekids___12___.trudyhadtosmileandpretendedshedidn’tmind.howshewishedshecouldbemorelikelisagibbs,whohadsmallhandsandfeetandnever___13___thingsover!thatday,theyweregoingtopaintanimals.again,trudyknockedoverthejamjar.dirtywaterspreadinapoolacrossthetableand___14___lisa’sdragon.everytimetrudytriedtodoart,itwasalwaysa___15___.“ihateart,”trudythoughtasshewenthomeonthebus,wishingnevertogotoschoolagain.assoonasshegothome,mumaskedhertotakea___16___tomrs.willow.trudyknockedonthedoorandthedooropened.therestoodanoldlady,sotallandelegant,likeherhouse,whichwasfullof___17___china.“mymum’syourhomehelp.shewon’tbeabletocometomorrow.she’sgotacold.”“i’msorrytohearthat.whatsheneedsismyspecialcold___18___.comeinsideandi’llgiveyousome.”mrs.willowopenedthedoorwider.keepingherarmspressedtohersides,trudystood___19___,muchlikeastatue,afraidtomovein.“why?”“iamtheclumsiestpersoninourschool!iknowsomethingwillgetbrokenwheni’m___20___.”“iusedtobeclumsytoo,arealuglylittleduck,”mrs.willowsmiled.“butigrewuptobeaswan(白天鹅).”“butidon'tthinkishall,”trudydoubted.“i’lljustgrowuptobeanugly___21___.”“notifyoudoasidid.youhavetokeeptellingyourselfthatinside,whereitmatters,you’rereallyaswan.”“i’maswan,”trudy___22___herthroatandtookthemedicine,headingforhome.nextmorningmum’scoldwasmuchbetter.“ifmrs.willow’scoldcureisakindof___23___,thenherswancuremustworkaswell.”trudycouldn’twaittotryitout.intheschoolplaygroundsomechildrenstoodlookingupintothechestnuttree.lisawasintears.“what’sthematter?”askedtrudy.“it’smykite,”lisasaid,wipinghereyes.“robletgoandit’sgot___24___upthetree.”“i’llgetitdownforyou,”trudysaidkindly.“no,you’lltearit!”lisalooked___25___.“it’saspecialchinesekite!igotitformybirthday.”foramomenttrudyfeltlikeherold___26___self.butthensherememberedwhatmrs.willowhadsaid.itdidn'tmatterhowshelookedoutside.inside,shewasreallyaswan.shejumpedupandgrabbedthelowest___27___andbegantoclimb.“swansneverrush,”shetoldherself.ittookherages,butshedidn'trush.atlastshemanagedto___28___thekite.butnowshehadtoclimbdownagainusingonlyonehand.very,very___29___sheswungherselfdowntotheground.thekitewassafe!“thanks,trudy.”lisashowedittotheothers.“look,it’sallright!”trudyfeltvery,veryproudanddifferent.smilingateveryone,shewalkedswan-likeacrosstheplaygroundandintoschool,sotalland___30___.11.a.except b.besides c.including d.behind12.a.danced b.sang c.laughed d.jumped13.a.took b.turned c.rolled d.tripped14.a.drew b.drowned c.marked d.colored15.a.success b.masterpiece c.failure d.disaster16.a.gift b.textbook c.message d.letter17.a.delicate b.ugly c.cheap d.messy18.a.care b.leave c.concern d.cure19.a.straight b.still c.by d.tall20.a.around b.apart c.ahead d.away21.a.dragon b.swan c.tiger d.duck22.a.touched b.cleaned c.cleared d.wiped23.a.imagination b.magic c.cheating d.creation24.a.stuck b.crashed c.torn d.damped25.a.satisfied b.disappointed c.frightened d.delighted26.a.beautiful b.clumsy c.dishonest d.smart27.a.root b.trunk c.branch d.leaf28.a.fly b.design c.make d.free29.a.carefully b.doubtfully c.confidently d.anxiously30.a.eager b.elegant c.enthusiastic d.energetic【答案】11.a12.c13.d14.b15.d16.c17.a18.d19.b20.a21.d22.c23.b24.a25.c26.b27.c28.d29.a30.b【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了trudy因自己毛手毛脚而被同学笑话，失去了自信，最终变成了帮助同学，因此找回自信的故事。【11题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：每个人都想上艺术课除了trudy。a.except除了；b.besides此外；c.including包括；d.behind后面。通过下文lookout,herecomestrouble!可知，trudy在艺术课上经常惹麻烦，所以不想上艺术课。故此题选a。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有同学都笑了起来。a.danced跳舞；b.sang唱歌；c.laughed笑；d.jumped跳。通过上文lookout,herecomestrouble!可知，大家都认为trudy是麻烦事，所有同学都笑了起来。故此题选c。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她多么希望自己能像lisa那样，手脚纤细，从不绊倒任何东西！a.took拿；b.turned转动；c.rolled滚动；d.tripped绊倒。通过下文的knockover可知trudy想像lisa那样不要打翻任何东西。故此题选d。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：脏水打翻在桌子上，浸泡lisa画的龙。a.drew绘画；b.drowned浸泡；c.marked标记；d.colored涂色。上文讲到脏水打翻了，所以画应该是被水浸泡了。故此题选b。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次trudy进行艺术创作时，都是一场灾难。a.success成功；b.masterpiece著作；c.failure失败；d.disaster灾难。上文说到trudy在画画时，打翻了水浸泡了同学的画可知，她在创作时会引起许多问题。是一场灾难。故此题选d。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她一到家，她妈妈让她给柳女士带句话。a.gift礼物；b.textbook教材；c.message信息；d.letter信件。通过下文两个人的对话可知，妈妈是让trudy转告明天不能来的事情。故此题选c。17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那儿站着一位老太太，高高的，优雅的，像她的房子里面满是精致的瓷器一样。a.delicate精美的；b.ugly丑陋的；c.cheap廉价的；d.messy混乱的。通过句子中的elegant可知，老太太非常优雅，家里的装潢和她的气质一般，所以是精致的瓷器。故此题选a。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她需要的是我特制的感冒药。a.care照顾；b.leave离开；c.concern担心；d.cure治疗。根据下文mrs.willow’scoldcure可知。柳夫人认为作者的妈妈需要的是她特制的感冒药。故此题选d。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：trudy两臂紧抱，一动不动，就像一尊雕像，不敢进去。a.straight直的；b.still一动不动的；c.by经过；d.tall高的。通过句子中的likeastatue可知，她是像雕塑一样的，一动不动。故此题选b。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我知道在我身边的东西很容易被打破。a.around四周；b.apart分开；c.ahead向前；d.away离开。根据前文描写trudy的身材描写可知，她身材太高大了，所以在她周围东西很容易打破。故此题选a。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我长大后会变成一只丑小鸭。a.dragon龙；b.swan天鹅；c.tiger老虎；d.duck鸭子。根据上文iusedtobeclumsytoo,arealuglylittleduck可知，trudy也认为自己也是一只丑小鸭。故此题选d。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是只天鹅，trudy清了清嗓子，拿上药，准备回家。a.touched触碰；b.cleaned清扫；c.cleared清除；d.wiped擦。这里是指清嗓，使用固定搭配clearonesthroat。故此题选c。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果说柳太太的感冒药是一种魔法，那么她的天鹅药也一定管用。a.imagination想像；b.magic魔法；c.cheating欺骗；d.creation创造。根据上文nextmorningmum’scoldwasmuchbetter.可知，妈妈的病好多了，所以trudy认为这个药是有魔力的。故此题选b.【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗伯放开它，它就被卡在树上了。a.stuck卡住；b.crashed坠毁；c.torn撕毁；d.damped潮湿。跟据下文trudy爬到树上取回风筝可知，风筝卡在树上了。故此题选a。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：lisa看起来很害怕。a.satisfied满意的；b.disappointed失望的；c.frightened害怕的；d.delighted高兴的。根据上文youwilltearit可知，lisa怕风筝被撕坏了。故此题选c。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一阵子，trudy觉得自己像个笨手笨脚的老家伙。a.beautiful漂亮的；b.clumsy笨拙的；c.dishonest不诚实的；d.smart聪明的。根据上文iamtheclumsiestpersoninourschool可知trudy认为自己是学校最笨拙的人。故此题选b。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她跳起来抓住最低的那根树枝然后开始爬。a.root树根；b.trunk树干；c.branch树枝；d.leaf叶子。根据句子中grab可知，作者抓住的是树枝，树干是抓不住的。故此题选c。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终她成功解救了那个风筝。a.fly飞；b.design设计；c.make制作；d.free释放。上文讲到风筝卡住了，所以这里是把风筝解救了出来。根据thanks,trudy.可知，最终她成功解救了那个风筝。故此题选d。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她非常非常小心地回到地面上。a.carefully仔细地；b.doubtfully怀疑地；c.confidently自信地；d.anxiously焦虑地。这里是从树上回到地面，所以要万分小心。故此题选a。【30题详解】考场形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每个人微笑着，像天鹅一样穿过操场走进学校，那么高，那么优雅。a.eager渴望的；b.elegant优雅的；c.enthusiastic充满激情的；d.energetic有能量的。根据shewalkedswan-like上文说到天鹅是优雅的，这里trudy像一只天鹅，也很优雅。故此题选b。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。amanypeoplewanttotravelaroundtheworldandenjoynewcultures,especiallythedifferentfestivals.therearefestivalsgoingonsomewhereintheworldeverydayoftheyear.theserangefromverylargeeventswhichinvolvewholecitiestolocalcelebrationsintinyvillagesorneighborhoodsoftownsorcities.wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!themillionringgitcharityduckrace:kualalumpur,malaysiathirteenyearsago,ericschechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.theevent,crazyasitmaysound,involvesracing"cool"rubberducksdownalocalwaterwayandhavingmembersofthecommunity"adopt"theducksforachancetowinvaluabledonatedprizes,possiblyeven$1millionbucks.latomatina:bunol,spain"thetomatobattleisinhonorofsaintluisbeltran,thepatronsaintofbunol.residentsandvisitorstakepartinatomato-throwingbattlethatdecimatesmorethan88,000poundsoftomatoes.thiscrazyeventbeganwithaseriousaimasasymbolicprotestagainstfranco.butthetomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer."mightymudmania:scottsdale,arizona,usa"children'sdreamsreallydocometrueinthecityofscottsdale.childrenaged1to13,gettoparticipateinamudracetoendallmudraces.duringtherunningofthemightymudobstacle(泥坑)course,severalmudpitsstrategicallyplaced,providewetandreallydirtyobstaclesaskidscompeteforthefastesttimeineachheat.therearealsomudpuddlepoolsforthetinytots,andaminimudcourseforthosesixandyounger.inaddition,mightymudwayfeatureswaterandmudgames.therearealsowaterslides,sandcastlebuildingsandfunforallages.momsanddads,remembertosendyourkidsoutwitholdclothesandshoes.andhavenofear,ruralmetrofiredepartmentisonhandtoofferplentyofwaterforthemuddychildren."canberrasleddogclassic:canberra,australiancapitalterritory,australiadogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofaustralia.asthere'snosnow(thetrailisearthandsandandissmoothandwidewithafewhillsandturns),thesledshavewheelsinsteadofrunners,buttheexcitementisthesame.31.whichofthefollowingmeansthesummerisover?a.mightymudmania. b.latomatina.c.canberrasleddogclassic. d.themillionringgitcharityduckrace.32.whatcanyouenjoyinallthefourfestivalsmentioned?a.fantasticactivities. b.beautifulbeaches.c.deliciousfood. d.amazingsceneries.33.themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.a.sharepersonalexperiences b.compareculturesindifferentcountriesc.introducefavorablefestivals d.offerpracticaltipsonchoosingactivities【答案】31.b32.a33.c【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的四个节日。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据latomatina:bunol,spain这一小标题下最后一句butthetomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer.（但是tomatina现在被当作一种结束夏天的有趣方式来庆祝。）可知，现在tomatina已经作为庆祝结束夏天结束的一种有趣方式了。这里的endthesummer和题干中summerisover进行了替换。故此题选b。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章ericschechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.可知，第一个节日有橡胶鸭子赛跑活动。根据文章thetomatobattleisinhonorofsaintluisbeltran可知，第二个节日有番茄大战。根据文章duringtherunningofthemightymudobstacle(泥坑)course可知，第三个节日有泥浆赛跑。根据文章dogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofaustralia.可知第四个节日有狗拉雪橇活动。所以四个节日的共同特点就是有精彩的活动。故此题选a。【33题详解】推理判断题。文章第一自然段wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!（我们从世界各地挑选了一些更不寻常、更丰富多彩的节日。你可以选择你最喜欢的节日!）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍一些精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的节日。故此题选c。bmorethanhalftheyoungchildrenandteenagersinchinaarenearsighted,accordingtoasurveybytopgovernmentagencies,whichcalledforintensifiedeffortstopreventandcontrolthecondition.thesurvey,whichwasconductedlastyear,foundthateightof10seniormiddleschoolstudentswerenearsighted,comparedwith71.6percentinjuniormiddleschool,36percentinprimaryschooland14percentof6-year-oldsinkindergarten.overall,53.6percentwerenearsighted.theprevalence(流行程度)ofahighdegreeofmyopiaalsobecamealarmingasthepercentageofseniorstudentsinhighschool,whowearglassesstrongerthansixdiopters,hasmountedto21.9percent.upto80percentofthecountry’syoungadultssufferfromnearsightedness,accordingtoareportinthemedicaljournallancet.incontrast,theoverallrateofmyopiaintheukisabout20-30percent.ifyouwalkthestreetsofchinatoday,you’llquicklynoticethatmostyoungpeoplewearglasses.inshanghai,forinstance,86percentofhighschoolstudentssufferfrommyopia,ornearsightedness,accordingtoxinhuanewsagency.thegrowingprevalenceofmyopiaisnotonlyachineseproblem,butitisanespeciallyeastasianone.accordingtoastudypublishedinthelancetmedicaljournalin2012,byianmorgan,oftheaustraliannationaluniversity,southkorealeadsthepack,with96percentofyoungadults(belowtheage20)havingmyopia;andtherateforseoulisevenhigher.insingapore,thefigureis82percent.tosaythatasiaishavinganeyeproblemisanunderstatement.severalfactorsareassociatedwiththehighrateofnearsightednessinchina'schildrenandteenagers,includinglackofoutdoorphysicalactivity,lackofadequatesleepduetoheavyworkandexcessiveuseofelectronicsproducts.andsomebiologistscomparedsingaporeanslivinginsingaporetothoselivinginaustralia.theyfoundthat29percentofthesingaporeanstudentshadmyopiacomparedwithjust3percentinsydney.themaincorrelationwasonceagain,timespentoutside.“thebigdifferencewasthechinesechildreninaustraliawereoutdoorsalotmorethantheirmatchedpeersinsingapore,”saysianmorgan,aretiredbiologistataustraliannationaluniversity,whocoauthoredthe2008study.“thiswastheonlythingthatfitwiththehugedifferenceinprevalence.”34.fromparagraph2,accordingtothesurveywecanknowthat____________.a.therateofmyopiainshanghaiisthehighestb.therateofmyopiaintheukishigherthanthatinchinac.therateofjuniormiddleschoolstudentswhosufferfrommyopiaisthehighestd.therateofseniormiddleschoolstudentswhosufferfrommyopiaisthehighest35.whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonassociatedwiththehighrateofmyopiainchina?a.timeofreadingbooks. b.lackofadequatesleep.c.lackofoutdoorphysicalactivity. d.excessiveuseofelectronicsproducts.36.theauthorwritesthepassageto__________.a.introducesomemethodstoprotectoureyesb.telluswhysomanypeoplehaveaneyeproblemc.comparethemyopiafiguresofdifferentcountriesd.calloneveryonetopayattentiontothemyopiaamongtheyoungpeople37.whereisthepassagemostprobablyfrom?a.aliteraryessay. b.ahistoricalnovel.c.asciencereport. d.atravelmagazine.【答案】34.d35.a36.d37.c【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今东亚国家包括中国的年轻人近视率高这一现象并解释了近视的原因。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的thesurvey,whichwasconductedlastyear,foundthateightof10seniormiddleschoolstudentswerenearsighted,comparedwith71.6percentinjuniormiddleschool,36percentinprimaryschooland14percentof6-year-oldsinkindergarten.可知，去年进行的这项研究发现，10名高中生中有8人近视，而初中生近视率为71.6%，小学生近视率为36%，幼儿园6岁儿童近视率为14%。也就是说高中生的近视率是最高的。故选d项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的severalfactorsareassociatedwiththehighrateofnearsightednessinchina'schildrenandteenagers,includinglackofoutdoorphysicalactivity,lackofadequatesleepduetoheavyworkandexcessiveuseofelectronicsproducts.可知，有若干个因素与中国儿童和青少年近视率高有关，包括缺乏户外体育活动、课余作业繁重导致睡眠不足，以及过度使用电子产品。a项（读书的时间）在原文中并没有被提到。故选a项。【36题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段通过列举数据表明中国学生的近视现象非常严重，第三段作者提出近视患病率的不断上升不仅是中国一个国家的问题，而是困扰整个东亚的问题。第四段作者解释了近视的原因，可以看出全文都围绕着年轻人近视率高这一点来写的，作者写这篇文章的目的就是为了让人们看到这个问题的严重性，呼吁人们注意年轻人中的近视现象。故选d项。【37题详解】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了如今东亚包括中国的年轻人近视率高这一现象并解释了近视的原因，还引用了生物学家伊恩·摩根的话。由此可知，本文最有可能出自一篇科学报告。故选c项。cayoungmanwasgettingreadytograduatefromcollege.formanymonthshehadadmiredabeautifulsportscarinadealer’sshowroom,andknowinghisfathercouldwellaffordit,hetoldhimthatwasallhewanted.asgraduationdayapproached,theyoungmanawaitedsignsthathisfatherhadpurchasedthecar.finally,onthemorningofhisgraduation,hisfathercalledhimintohisprivatestudy.hisfathertoldhimhowproudhewastohavesuchafineson,andtoldhimhowmuchhelovedhim.hehandedhissonabeautifulwrappedgiftbox.curious,butsomewhatfrustrated,theyoungmanopenedtheboxandfoundalovely,leather-boundbible,withtheyoungman’snameembossedingold.angrily,heraisedhisvoicetohisfatherandsaid,“withallyourmoneyyougivemeabible?”hethenstormedoutofthehouse,leavingthebible.manyyearspassedandtheyoungmanwasverysuccessfulinbusiness.hehadabeautifulhomeandawonderfulfamily,butrealizinghisfatherwasveryold,hethoughtperhapsheshouldgotoseehim.hehadnotseenhimsincethatgraduationday.beforehecouldmakethearrangements,hereceivedatelegramtellinghimhisfatherhadpassedaway,andwilledallofhispossessionstohisson.heneededtocomehomeimmediatelyandtakecareofthings.whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,suddensadnessandregretfilledhisheart.hebegantosearchthroughhisfather’simportantpapersandsawthestillnewbible,justashehadleftityearsago.withtears,heopenedthebibleandbegantoturnthepages.ashewasreading,acarkeydroppedfromthebackofthebible.ithadatagwiththedealer’sname,thesamedealerwhohadthesportscarhehaddesired.onthetagwasthedateofhisgraduation,andthewords…“paidinfull”.howmanytimesdowemissblessingsbecausetheyarenotpackagedasweexpected?donotspoilwhatyouhavebydesiringwhatyouhavenot;butrememberthatwhatyounowhavewasonceamongthethingsyouonlyhopedfor.sometimeswedon’trealizethegoodfortunewehaveorwecouldhavebecauseweexpect“thepackaging”tobedifferent.whatmayappearasbadfortunemayinfactbethedoorthatisjustwaitingtobeopened.38.what’sthebesttitleforthispassage?a.akindfather. b.akeyofacar.c.aleather-boundbible. d.anunforgettablegraduationceremony.39.whatdoestheunderlinedword“frustrated”inparagraph2probablymean?a.disappointed. b.unconcerned. c.puzzled. d.bored.40.whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?a.thereisnofenceforillfortune.b.goodfortunefavorsthebraveandcourageous.c.wemustnotlookonlyatthesurfaceofthings.d.astrongmanwillstrugglewiththestormsoffate.41.fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_________.a.theyoungmanacceptedthegiftatfirstb.theyoungmanregrettedwhathe’ddonetohisfatherc.theyoungmanaccompaniedhisfatherforalongtimed.theyoungmanwassuccessfulinbusinesswiththehelpofhisfather【答案】38.b39.a40.c41.b【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个年轻人想要一辆漂亮的跑车，他知道他的父亲完全有能力买得起，就告诉他这就是他想要的。结果在毕业典礼的那天早上，他却收到了一本《圣经》，年轻人非常生气，再也没有看过父亲。直到后来父亲去世，年轻人又看到了那本《圣经》，翻动时，一把汽车钥匙从《圣经》的背面掉了下来，正是他梦寐以求的那辆车。故事告诉我们不能只看事物的表面。【38题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主要记叙了一个年轻人想要一辆漂亮的跑车，他知道他的父亲完全有能力买得起，就告诉他这就是他想要的。结果在毕业典礼的那天早上，他却收到了一本《圣经》，年轻人非常生气，再也没有看过父亲。直到后来父亲去世，年轻人又看到了那本《圣经》，翻动时，一把汽车钥匙从《圣经》的背面掉了下来，正是他梦寐以求的那辆车。故事告诉我们不能只看事物的表面。可知由此可知，b选项“汽车钥匙”最符合文章标题，故选b。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文theyoungmanopenedtheboxandfoundalovely,leather-boundbible,withtheyoungman’snameembossedingold.可知出于好奇，但也有些失望，年轻人打开盒子，发现里面是一本精美的，皮面的《圣经》，上面用金色浮雕着年轻人的名字。由此可知，划线单词“frustrated”意思为“失望的”。a.disappointed.失望的；b.unconcerned.不关心的；c.puzzled.困惑的；d.bored.无聊的。故选a。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段sometimeswedon’trealizethegoodfortunewehaveorwecouldhavebecauseweexpect“thepackaging”tobedifferent.whatmayappearasbadfortunemayinfactbethedoorthatisjustwaitingtobeopened.可知有时候，我们并没有意识到自己拥有或本可以拥有的好运，只是因为它的“包装”与我们想象的不同。看起来像是坏运气的东西，实际上可能就是等待被打开的那扇门。由此可推知，最后一段想告诉我们不能只看事物的表面。故选c。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,suddensadnessandregretfilledhisheart.可知当他到达他父亲的房子时，突然，悲伤和后悔充满了他的心。以及结合故事情节，这位年轻人以为父亲没有给他买他心仪的跑车，还因此再没有去看望过父亲。父亲去世后，得知原来父亲早就给他买下了跑车，钥匙就夹在那本不起眼的圣经里。由此可推知，那个年轻人后悔他对父亲所做的事情。故选b。dshortageofprimarycarethreatenshealthcaresystemincreasinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.primarycareshouldbethesupportofanyhealthcaresystemcountrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.theu.s.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.arecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatmedicarebeneficiaries.thesurprisingfindingwasthattheaveragemedicatepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors-twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists-inagivenyear.contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn'tguaranteebettercare.actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.howdidwetakelittlecareofprimarycare?thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe'sreimbursed.moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient'sdisease.combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstorandomlycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.medicalstudentsaren'tblindtothisaction.theyknowhowheavilythereimbursementisagainstprimarycare.therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedu.s.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.howdowefixthisproblem?itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.we’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionbabyboomerswillbecomeeligibleformedicare.patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.whowillbetheretotreatthem?42.theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentu.s.healthcaresystemis_________.a.theever-risinghealthcarecosts b.thedecliningnumberofdoctorsc.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians d.theshrinkingprimarycareresources43.welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat_________.a.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetterb.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthc.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsd.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure.44.