仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习

仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：仁爱英语八年级下册

语法复习练习一，系动词及用法。

大多数联系动词后面接形容词，seem后还可接不定式,

be后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。初中阶段常见的联系动词有be

,

look(看起来)，seem（似乎，好像），feel(感觉，感到)，sound(听起来)，smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），get(变)，become(变得，成为)，turn(变)，go（变），grow(变)，等。

表示变化的系动词的区别：

天气变化用get;

颜色的变化用turn;

由好变坏用go;

逐渐变化用grow;

好变坏、坏变好用become

或get;成为用become.

翻译下列句型：

1.

这朵花闻起来很香(sweet________________________

2.

这种食物尝起来是可口的（delicious）___________________

3.

她似乎很担心。____________________________

4.

她感到烦恼。______________________________

5.

这首歌听起来很优美。_________________________

6.

树木变得越来越绿。____________________________

7.

我感到失望。______________________________

8.

天气变得越来越暖和。_________________________

二，状语从句

1.

He

took

off

his

coat

_______

he

felt

hot.

A.

because

B.

as

C.

if

D.

since

2.

It

is

______

that

we’d

like

to

go

out

for

a

walk.

A.

a

lovely

day

B.

too

lovely

a

day

C.

so

lovely

a

day

D.

such

lovely

a

day

3.

Mary

had

______

much

work

to

do

that

she

wasbusy

all

day.

A.

such

B.

so

C.

too

D.

very

4.

_______

I

felt

very

tired,

I

tried

to

finish

the

work.

A.

Although

B.

Because

C.

As

D.

As

if

15.

______

the

day

went

on,

the

weather

got

worse.

A.

With

B.

Since

C.

While

D.

As

6.

______

well

you

can

drive,

you

must

drive

carefully.

A.

So

long

as

B.

In

order

that

C.

No

matter

how

D.

The

moment

7.

Write

to

me

as

soon

as

you

________

to

Beijing.

A.

will

get

B.

get

C.

getting

D.

got

1.

布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生都很喜欢她。

Mrs

Bruce

was

_______

kind

to

her

students

______

they

all______

her

very

much

.

2.

只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。

Our

parents

will

be

pleased

with

our

performance

_____

_____

______

we

try

our

best.

3.

你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？

Will

you

please

call

me

______

______

______

you

get

to

Shanghai.

4.

虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。

_______

_______

______

_______,

she

kept

on

learning

English

by

herself.

5.

他长大后想当一名老师。

He

wants

to

be

a

teacher

______

_______

_______

_______.

6

如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。

______

______

______

_____

_______

to

protecting

the

environment,

the

world

will

become

much

more

beautiful.

7.

李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。

Li

Ming

didn’t

come

to

school

_______

_______

______

______

三、宾语从句

1.

宾语从句的连接词

宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。根据宾语从句原先（做宾语之前）的句式，我们把宾语从句分为三类。

1）.

宾语从句原先是陈述句的，由that连接。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，可省略。He

said.

He

wanted

to

stay

at

home.

He

said

(that)

he

wanted

to

stay

at

home.

She

doesn’t

know.

She

is

seriously

ill.

She

doesn’t

know___________________I

am

sure

.

He

will

succeed.

I

am

sure

_______________________________________.

2）.

宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的，由其本身疑问词连接。连接代词who,

whom,

whose,

what,

which和连接副词when,

where,

why,

how。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do

you

know

Who

(whom)

are

they

waiting

for?

Do

you

know

who

(whom)

they

are

waiting

for?

Can

you

tell

me

Where

is

the

No.3

bus

stop

________________________________

I

don’t

know.

Why

is

the

train

late?______________________________________

3）.宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的，

由if或whether。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。I

want

to

know.

Does

he

live

there?

I

want

to

know

if

he

lives

there?

He

asked

me.

Was

there

a

book

store

on

Center

Street?

________________________

2.

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句（主谓式）的语序。例如：

I

hear

(that)

physics

isn’t

easy.

I

think

(that)

you

will

like

this

school

soon.

Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

zoo?

Please

tell

me

when

we’ll

have

the

meeting.3.

宾语从句的时态

1）

如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

如：

I

don’t

think

(that)

you

are

right.

Please

tell

us

where

he

is.

Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

railway

station?

2）

如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应过去时态（一般过去时，

过去进行时，

过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He

asked

what

time

it

was.

He

told

me

that

he

was

preparing

for

the

sports

meet.

He

asked

if

you

had

written

to

Peter.

He

said

that

he

would

go

back

to

the

U.S.

soon.

3）

如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例

Our

teacher

said

that

January

is

the

first

month

of

the

year.

Scientists

have

proved

that

the

earth

turns

around

the

sun.宾语从句的口诀：

学习宾从要注意，时态语序和连词。

时态主从要呼应：

主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意。

主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。

宾从所示表真理，时态不变不怀疑。

语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。

That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。

从句若表“是否”时，if/whether

要牢记。

特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。

三个问题要记牢，切莫丢东又往西。

(

)1．They

want

to

know

______

do

to

help

us.

A.

what

they

can

B.

how

they

can

C.

how

can

they

D.

what

can

they

(

)2．His

teacher

______

he

______

bright

and

______

he

was

worth

teaching.

A.

didn’t

think;

was;

that

B.

thought

was;

whether

C.

didn’t

think;

was;

×

D

.thought;

wasn´t;

×

(

)3．______

we’ll

go

camping

tomorrow

depends

on

the

weather.

A.If

B.Whether

C.That

D.Where

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

1.引导词

1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。

2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择if或whether。在

whether

…

or

not

结构中不能用

if

替换。3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,

when,

where,

which,

who,

how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他

2.判断时态情况

1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。

2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。

(

)1.

The

teacher

told

the

children

that

the

sun____

round.

A.

was

B.

is

C.

were

D.

are

(

)

2.

I

believe

that

our

team____

the

basketball

match.

A.

win

B.

won

C.

will

win

D.

wins(

)

3.

I

don’t

know____

to

visit

the

old

man.

A.

whether

B.

if

C.

that

D.

who

3.宾语从句的用法

1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：

(1)．介词宾语从句的that不省略

(2)．and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。

He

told

me

(that)

he

had

two

sons

and

that

they

both

had

gone

to

college.

(3)．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。

I

heard

it

said

that

he

had

gone

abroad

We

found

it

impossible

that

he

could

finish

it

in

such

a

short

time

2.Whether,if

引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：

(1)whether从句中有or

not

(2)介词后用whether.

Eerything

depends

on

whether

you

agree

with

us

3．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

错:

He

is

wondering

when

can

he

finish

this

difficult

job.

正:

He

is

wondering

_______

finish

this

difficult

job.

4

带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。

即否定前移。

错:

I

think

he

doesn’t

like

the

English

teacher.

.

正:

I

________

think

he

_____

the

Englishteacher.5.

主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。

错:

He

wanted

to

know

why

he

is

crying

in

the

corner.

正:

He

wanted

to

know

__________

_________

_________

crying

in

the

corner.

宾语从句从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。

1.

I

don't

know

_________

he

will

come

tomorrow.

_________

he

comes,

I'll

tell

you．

A.

if;

Whether

B.

whether;

Whether

C.

if;

That

D.

if;

If

2.

I

don't

know

_________

the

day

after

tomorrow.

A.

when

does

he

come

B.

how

will

he

come

C.

if

he

comes

D.

whether

he'll

come

3.

Could

you

tell

me

_________

the

nearest

hospital

is?

A.

what

B.

how

C.

whether

D.

where

4.

Could

you

tell

me

_________

the

radio

without

any

help?

A.

how

did

he

mend

B.

what

did

he

mend

C.

how

he

mended

D.

what

he

mended

5.

I

want

to

know

_________.

A.

whom

is

she

looking

after

B.

whom

she

is

looking

C.

whom

is

she

looking

D.

whom

she

is

looking

after

6.

Do

you

know

where

_________

now?

A.

he

lives

B.

does

he

live

C.

he

lived

D.

did

he

live

7.

Do

you

know

what

time

_________

A.

the

train

leave

B.

does

the

train

leave

C.

will

the

train

leave

D.

the

train

leaves

8.

I

don't

know

_________.

Can

you

tell

me,

please?

A.

how

the

two

players

are

old

B.

how

old

are

the

two

players

C.

the

two

players

are

how

old

D.

how

old

the

two

players

are

9.

The

small

children

don't

know

_________.

A.

what

is

their

stockings

in

B.

what

is

in

their

stockings

C.

where

is

their

stockings

in

D.

what

in

their

stockings

10.

I

can't

understand

_________.

A.

what

does

Christmas

mean

B.

what

Christmas

does

mean

C.

what

mean

Christmas

does

D.

what

Christmas

means

II.

按要求转换句型。

1.

Does

Mr.

Brown

enjoy

living

in

China?

Could

you

tell

us（

改写句子）Could

you

tell

us

_________

Mr.

Brown

_________

living

in

China?

2.

"Does

the

girl

need

any

help?”

he

asked

me.（变为复合句）He

asked

me

_________

the

girl

_________

some

help．

3.

Jim

is

not

a

student.

Tom

is

not

a

student,

either.（合并为一个句子）

_________

Jim

_________Tom

is

a

student.

4.

When

does

the

train

leave?

I

want

to

know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）

I

want

to

know

_________

the

train

_________.

5.

They

went

home

after

they

had

finished

their

homework.

(用not．．．until改写)

They

_________

go

home

_________

they

had

finished

their

homework．

6.

Did

Peter

come

here

yesterday?

Li

Lei

wants

to

know.

(改为含宾语从句的复合句)

Li

Lei

wants

to

know

_________

Peter

_________

here

yesterday.

宾语从句专项训练参考答案：

I.

1—5DDDCD

6—10ADDBD

II.

1.

if／whether;

enjoys

2.

if／whether;

needed

3.

Neither;

nor

4.

when;

leaves

5.

didn't;

until

6.

whether;

came四，形容词和副词比较等级：

21.In

China

families

are

becoming

____

with

____

children.

A,

small,

few

B,

smaller,

fewer

C,

smallest,

fewest

D,

smaller,

less

22.Why

does

she

look

so

____

Did

she

hail

in

the

exam

again

A,

interested

B,

exciting

C,

unhappy

D,

surprised

23.The

boss

tried

to

finish

the

work

with

____

money

and

____

people.

A,

less,

fewer

B,

fewer,

few

C,

few,

less,

D,

little,

less

24.Mike

went

to

school

today

because

he

felt

____.

A,

enough

well

B,

good

enough

C,

enough

good

D,

well

enough

25.I’m

sorry

I’m

late.

There

is

____

with

my

bike.

A,

anything

wrong

B,

something

wrong

C,

wrong

anything

D,

wrong

something26.What’s

the

matter

with

Tom?

He

looks

____.

A,

unhappy

B,

hungrily

C,

sadly

D,

happily

27.Now

Mr.

Brown

drives

much

____

than

he

did

two

years

ago.

A,

careful

B,

carefully

C,

more

careful

D,

more

carefully

28.Is

there

____

in

today’s

newspaper?

A,

something

new

B,

new

something

C,

any

new

things

D,

anything

new

29.Which

is

____,

cotton,

wood

or

iron?

A,

heavier

B,

heaviest

C,

the

heaviest

D,

the

most

heaviest

30.In

my

opinion,

Tim

doesn’t

write

English

____

his

sister.

A,

as

clear

as

B,

so

clear

as

C,

more

clearly

as

D,

as

clearly

as

31.A:

Is

there

____

in

today’s

newspaper?

B:

Yes.

A,

anything

important

B,

any

important

thing

C,

important

anything

D,

any

things

important

32.He

spoke

____

for

everyone

in

the

class

to

hear.

A,

enough

loud

B,

loud

enough

C,

louder

enough

D,

enough

louder

33.Your

idea

sounds

much

____

than

his.

A,

interesting

B,

interested

C,

more

interesting

D,

more

interested

34.

Ships

come

and

go

on

the

river

____

boats.

A,

as

noisy

as

B,

noisier

than

C,

as

noisily

as

D,

much

noisily

than

35.The

train

travels

at

top

speed.

The

underlined

part

means

____.

A,

the

best

B,

the

tallest

C,

the

fastest

D,

the

farthest

词性变换：

1.I’m

afraid

that

I

can’t

afford

(负担)

such

an

______________

cell

phone.

(expense)2.Dogs

can

help

blind

people

walk

across

the

street

______________.

(safe)

3.Please

read

the

test

paper

______________

before

you

do

it.

(careful)

4.There

are

______________

than

200

passengers

on

his

plane.

(much)

5.Here

is

a

______________

present

for

your

birthday.

(love)

6.He

is

not

as

______________

to

us

as

his

sister.

(friend)

7.You

______________

helped

me

a

lot.

Thank

you

very

much

indeed.

(real)

8.The

little

girl

was

so

______________

when

she

saw

the

traffic

accident.

(frighten)

形容词、副词参考答案

21-30

BCADB

ADDCD

31-35

ABCCC

词性变换：1.expensive

2.safely

3.carefully

4.more

5.lovely

6.friendly

7.really

8.frightened

五，动词不定式

基本形式：to+动词原形（肯定形式）

Not

to+动词原形（否定形式）特征：没有人称和数的变化。

常用句型：

It’s

+

adj

(+

for

sb）

+

to

do

sth.

Too+

adj

+

to

do

sth.

动词不定式可以跟疑问词连用。

例如.

I

don’t

know

what

to

do\

how

to

do

it.

1.

What

do

you

want______________(be)

when

you

grow

up?

2.

The

police

officer

told

the

boys___________________(not

play)

soccer

on

the

road.

3.

Tony

asked

his

grandpa____________________(give)

him

a

toy

car

for

his

birthday.

4.

He

decided_______________________(make)

decisions

by

himself

from

now

on.

5.

The

workers

plan____________________(build)

the

bridge

in

two

years.

6.

I

am

really

sorry______________________(hear)

that.7.

Would

you

like

something__________________(drink)

8.

His

brother

taught

him____________(play)

basketball.

9.

Li

Yang

advised

me

_________（not

drink）

too

much.

10.

You

need

______(see)a

doctor

when

you

have

headaches

often.

六，常用的表达方式

1，关于花费：

Sth.cost

sb.+钱

Sb.

spend+时\钱

in、on

sth.\doing

sth.

It

take

sb\时

to

do

sth.

Sb.pay

钱

for

sth.

I'm

interested

in

animals,so

I___every

saturday

working

in

an

animal

hospital

.

A.

Pay

B.

cost

C.

take

D.

spend

2.

They

spend

too

much

time_______

the

report.

A.

writing

B.

to

write

C.

on

writing

D.

write

3.

--What

beautiful

shoes

you’re

wearing!

They

must

be

expensive．

--No，they

only____l0

yuan.

A．spent

B．took

C．paid

D．cost

4.

--Will

you

please

for

my

dinner

Peter?

--Sure!

A.

spend

B.

pay

C.

cost

D.take

5.

It

will

_____me

too

much

time

to

read

this

book.

A.

take

B.

cost

C.

spend

D.pay

6.

This

science

book

__

me

a

great

amount

of

money.

A.

took

B.cost

C

used

D.spent

7.-Do

you

often

get

online?

-Yes,

I

____

lots

of

time

on

it.

It’s

a

good

way

to

kill

time.

A.

cost

B.

spend

C.take

D.

pay2，特殊疑问词+不定式。（what

to

do\how

to

do

it）

3，表示方位的介词区别

In

the

+

方位名词

+

of…

指某一范围内的地区。（中国，北京）

to

the

+

方位名词

+

of…

指互不接壤互不管辖的地区。（中国，日本）

on

the

+

方位名词

+of…

相互接壤但互不管辖的地区。（中国，尼泊尔）

(

)

1

The

United

States

is

____

the

south

of

Canada

and

___

the

east

of

Japan.

A.

to;

in

B.

on;

to

C.

in;

beside

D.

at;

on

(

)

2

The

man

stood____the

window,

watching

the

boys

playing

outside.

A.

in

B.

by

C.

to

(

)

3

Japan

lies____

the

east

of

China.

A.

on

B/

to

C.

in

D.

with

4，目的状语从句。(同结果状语从句)

So…that…

引导的状语从句。

So

+

adj.

/

adv.

+that…、so

+

adj.

+

an/a

+名词单数+

that…

如此……以至于……

用于引导主句导致的结果。

Such

+n.

+

that.从句。

同样表示

如此……以至于。

不同：so

后面接形容词或副词，such

后面接名词。

So

that.

引导结果状语从句，表示

因此、所以。1．她是如此的疲惫，以致于很快就睡着了。

She

was

_____________

she

______________

quickly.

2.

这是一本非常有趣的小说，以致于我读了三遍。

It

was

___________________

novel

that

read

it

three

times.

3.

他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

He

runs

_________

nobody

can

catch

up

with

him.

4.

玛丽有如此多的工作要做，以致于她整天呆在办公室。

Mary

had

______________

to

do

that

she

stayed

at

her

office

all

day.

5.Pop

music

is

such

an

important

part

of

society

______

it

has

even

influenced

our

language.

A.

as

B.

that

C.

which

D.

where

6.His

plan

was

such

a

good

one

_________we

all

agreed

to

accept

it.

A.

as

B.

that

C.

so

D.

and7.

The

book

was

written

in

_____

easy

English

_____

even

students

could

understand

it.

A.

so;

that

B.

such;

that

C.

too;

to

D.

very;

that

8.

Zhou

Libo

is

good

at

making

people

laugh.

His

lively

shows

were

_____

hot

that

tickets

sold

out

in

minutes.A.

very

B.

too

C.

such

D.

so1形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。as…as…,notas/so…as..注意：notas/so…as=less…than不及；不如.less+原形，否定的比较级.eg.Thisbookisn’tasinterestingasthatone=Thisbookis_________________________________thatone.=Thatbookis_________________________________thisone.2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）Whichis_________useful,thisoneorthatone哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本

3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in,of短语连用）1)Shanghaiisthe___________(big)cityinChina.2)Heruns_________(fast)inourclass.3)Heisthe__________(tall)ofthethreeboys.4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越……”lazierandlazier越来越懒.注意：多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+(形、副).moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮2)“the比较级，the比较级”“越……，越……”_________________youare,______________youwillget.你越懒，收获越少。注意:the后是用形容词还是副词。你越细心。Themore____________youare.=Themore______________youdo.3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较……的一个”Lucyisthe___________(young)ofthetwins.4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”他比我高一个头。He’sa______________________thanme.Mybrotheris_________________________thanme.(大两岁)5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+as…as”Thisbook___________________as__________asthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。Hehas___________________as_________booksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别older/elder与farther/furtherolder（年龄较老的）elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg.My______brotheris______thanme.farther(指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)1)Hewentabroadfor________studies.2)Beijingis_________fromourhometownthanChongqing.形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用alittle……一点儿;much/alot;even/still，表示“；……得多；更….1)alittlebigger大一点儿2)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。这些词用在原形前。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as;than后的词应与主语是The同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that;those;one;ones。Myhairislongerthan_________(she)Thesilkorwoolenscarvesfeelsofterthan________madeofcotton.3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“anyother+单数名词”来进行比较。1）Betty(是个体)isclevererthananystudentinherclass(是整体).(×)正：Bettyisclevererthan_________________studentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan(________)_________studentsinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan_____________________inherclass.=____________________iscleverthanBetty.=Bettyisthe_______________inherclass.2)Chinaisbiggerthan___________________inAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3)Chinaisbiggerthan_________________________inAsia.中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.(×)(allhersisters已排除了Mary)改：Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second,third,…”（但“第一”可以省略用first）YellowRiveristhe______________________riverinChina,2句子分析一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和_______。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theymadehimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。状语种类如下：1Howaboutmeetingagainatsix（_______状语）2Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（_________状语）3Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（_________状语）4MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（_________状语）5Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方_________状语）6Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴_______状语）7Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（_________状语）8Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（________状语）9Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（_________状语）10Iamtallerthanheis.（__________状语）二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：DotheylikeskatingHowoldisheIshesixorsevenyearsoldMarycanswim,can'tshe3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。2）并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。.Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,等。.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有because,so,for,since,for等。.（四）考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。Let’sgo,________________

Don’tdoitlikethat,_________________

3、对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifit____________________(不下雨)tomorrow.3状语从句时间状语从句，其连接词有：after，before，when，as，assoonas，until(till)，while，since，by其中较难掌握的有以下几点：1until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedhard________12o'clocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He______gotobed_______untilhismothercameback.2在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：Ifitrains,theywon'tgototheparkonSunday.as强调随着时间推移，当…时。考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.ifitrains,hewillnotcome.原因状语从句中主要是①because，因为.表达的因果关系最强，如：Hedidn't