2022年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真模拟试卷（一）（含答案解析）

2022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春考英语仿真模拟试卷（一）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（第1-10题，每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionAfyouwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillheaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillhespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Attheairport.B.Inatheatre.C.Inaticketoffice.D.Atahotel.A.Attendaparty.B.Gocamping.C.Decorateahouse.D.Rentatent3.A.2.B.3.C.5.D.10.4.A.ThepostcardhasbeenlostB.Thelocalpostofficeisdosed.C.Themanwillgotothepostoffice.D.Thewomanisexpectingapostcard.5.A.BuysomenewequipmentB.Leavetheequipmentastheyare.Watchwhatthewomanisdoing.Finishhiswortasquickly«spossible..A.WorkontheassignmentwithaclassmateB.Talktoanadvisoraboutdroppingthecourse.C.Spendmoretimeworkingonmathsproblems.D.Askagraduateassistantforhelp..A.Gohometogetabook..Returnabooktothelibrary.C.Pickupabookatthelibraryforthewoman.D.Askthelibrarianforhelpinfindingabook.8.A.Shewishesshehadn'torderedthedish.B.Shedoesn'tusuallyeatinthecafeteria.C.Thecafeteriausuallyusescannedvegetables.D.Thedishusuallycontainsfewervegetables..A.StudentsstillhavetimetoapplyforaIon.B.Studentsmustwaituntilnextmonthtoapplyforaloan.Believable可以相信的。根据上句“Doyourememberhowyoufeltthefirsttimeyourodebike?”（作者问第一次骑车的时候）可知，作者在讲过去的记忆。故选B。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些创伤不会造成如此多的伤害，那会怎么样呢？A.dignity尊严；B.struggle^4*;C.pain痛苦；D.movement运动。根据上句“suchpainfblmemoriescanleavepeoplewithlife-changingmentalconditions.（这些痛苦的记忆会给人们带来改变生活的精神状况。）“创伤”应该是痛苦的经历，所以会造成“痛苦:故选C。【43题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：神经系统科学家通常定义一个记忆为“一个印迹符号”-在大脑组织中的和一个特定的记忆有关的物理改变。A.associatedw汕和…有关；B.exchangedfor交换；C.sentencedto判开lj；D.deprivedof录lj夺。“defneasingularmemoryas”本句解释的是“memory”的定义，recllection是它的近义词，因此应该是“和它相关的:故选A。【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们能够瞄准那个构成记忆符号的细胞，然后植入一个虚假的记忆。A.putoff推迟；B.pickup捡起；C.turnon打开；D.makeup构成。根据“aphysicalchangeinbraintissue,aparticularrecollection.（科学家对“engram”的定义）可知，那个细胞储存着记忆，构成了记忆符号。故选Do【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们的工作中，老鼠会对某个特定的刺激作出惊恐的反应，即使当它们提前没有遭遇到这种情况。A.reacted反应；B.hurried匆忙；C.stunned震惊；D.resolved决心。根据“Theywereabletotargetthecellsthatoneengraminamouse'sbrainandthenimplantafalsememory.”（科学家们在做研究，“往它们体内植入虚假的记忆”），所以应该是老鼠对此作出反应。故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们当前的工作中，他和同事正在调查是否这些消极的记忆可以被积极的记忆改写。A.short-term短期的;B.negative消极的；C.enjoyable快乐的；D.reliable可靠的。根据后文的“be“overwritten”bypositiveones”可知，本空应该是它的反义词。故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对老鼠进行外科手术之后科学家们发现，当老鼠在笼子里的时候激活那些积极的记忆会让它不再那么恐惧。A.deleting册IJ除；B.decreasing减少；C.activating激活；D.pausing暂停。*艮据"positivememoriesarecreatedbyputtingmalemiceincageswithfemaleonesforanhour”，（科学家们对老鼠输入了积极的记忆），所以推测本句指“激活”这些积极记忆。故选C。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为这种记忆的“重新训练”有助于去除掉老鼠的一些创伤。A.recreate重新创造；B.eliminate消除；C.liberate解放；D.memorize记住。根据下文，“itisunclearwhetherthoseoriginalfearmemoriesarecompletelylostorjustsuppressed^（不知这些原始恐惧是否完全消失）可知，本句指这样做可以“消除”掉一些创伤。故选B。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，是否这些原始的恐惧记忆完全消除或抑制是不清楚的。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides另夕卜;C.Indeed实际上；D.However然而。根据上文“Theythinkthatthismemoryccretrainingnmaybehelpingtosomeofthemouse'strauma.这样做有助于消除恐惧记忆，下句又讲“能否完全消除还不清楚”，因此两句之间是转折关系。故选D。【40题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的团队强调他们在老鼠身上的成果只是初步的，但是他们也看到了在这条路上为人类治疗的潜力。A.Since因为；B.Unless除非；C.Until直到；D.While然而。根据从句中“preliminary（初步的广一词，及主句中“潜力”一词，可推出主从句之间为转折关系。故选D。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人们就可以让他们的记忆被转换，以致于他们对痛苦的经历没有一种强烈的反应。A.removed移除；B.strengthened加强；C.altered转换；D.stimulated刺激。根据"Ramirez'steamstressesthattheirworkinmiceispreliminary（初步的），theyseetreatmentpotentialforhumansdowntheroad”，“科学家们在对老鼠做实验的成效中，看到了人类治疗的潜能“，所以本句是这种“潜能”应用的例子，就是可以转换人的记忆。故选C。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人们就可以让他们的记忆被转换，以致于他们对痛苦的经历没有一种强烈的反应。A.emotional情感的；B.physical身体的C.controversial有争议的；D.mechanical机械的；本空修饰“responsetopainfblrecollection”，（人对痛苦回忆的反应），这种反应应该是“情感上的工故选A。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果关键的证人和受害者不能记得犯罪事件，那么执法系统会处于不利地位吗？A.immune免疫的；B.justice公正的，正义，执法制度；C.medical医疗的；D.commerce商业。根据“systembeatadisadvantageifkeywitnessesandvictimscannotrememberacrime?”意思，证人和受害者不记得犯罪事件后，那么“执法部门''就无法找到确切的犯罪证据。故选B。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伴随着神经科学家们的研究进展，他们说这些道德上的问题也正在被考虑中。A.mental精神的;B.ethical道德上的,伦理的；C.criminal罪犯的；D.equality平等性。根据“ThesearequestionsNewYorkUniversitybioethicistArthurCaplansaysareworththinkingabout”作者提出，如果这种技术应用在人身上后，会出现的各种问题可知，这些问题都属于“道德”方面的。故选B。[55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ramirez认为这种控制记忆的想法既不是好的，也不是坏的，这取决于你怎样使用它。A.killing杀害;B.multiplying繁殖;C.controlling控制;D.justifying证明…合法，辩护。根据“memoriescanbe“overwritten”bypositiveones”可知，本文主要讲“改变人的记忆”的问题，所以这里应该是“控制记忆”。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Peggy,anoldbordercollie（柯利牧羊犬），wassignedovertotheRSPCA（皇家防止虐待动物协会）afterherhandlercouldnolongercommunicatewithher.Hethoughtshecouldnolongerworkbecauseshewasnotabletohearwhistlesorvoicecommands.However,afterbeinghandedtotheRSPCA,PeggywastakeninbyChloeShorten,ananimalwelfaremanagerfromtheorganization'smid-NorfolkandnorthSuffolkbranch.Shorten,28,andherhusbandJason,34,ashepherd,taughtPeggytounderstandhandsignalsandbodylanguage.ThecoupletrainedPeggywiththehelpofasheepdogtrainerandtheirtwootherworkingdogs,SidandNora.Shortensaid:"WecompletelyfellinlovewithPeggyalmostimmediately,anditsoonbecameclearthatshewouldn'tbegoinganywhere.WeknewPeggywantedtobeworking,sowestartedthelongprocessofteachingherhowtoherdandworkwithashepherdwithoutrelyingonvoicecommands.',ThecouplebeganbytrainingPeggytolookatthemtoreceivehandsignals.“Weusedrepetitiveandpositivereinforcementandinsteadofpairingaverbalcommandwithanactionwe'duseahandgesture.Shereadsourhandsignalsandbodylanguageasawayoftellingwhatwe'reaskingfbr.Forexample,thumbsupmeans"goodgirf.Aflat,outstretchedpalmmeans'stop'.ShortenandherhusbandpointinacertaindirectiontoindicatewheretheywantPeggytogoandpattheirkneestosummonherbacktothem.Toaskhertoslowdown,Shortensaidshedoesawavinggesture.Peggyisnotworkingfull-timebutenjoyshelpingoutinthefields."Itcanbedifficultwithadeafdog,becauseyouhavetowaveathertogetherattention,andsometimesshedoesn'trealizestraightaway/shesaid.“Butshe*ssuchahappylittledog.She*snospringchicken,andsheisgenerallyretired,butshelovesgoingouttoworkwithusandrunningaroundinthefields.'*56.WhatdowelearnaboutPeggyfromthepassage?PeggywastransferredfromherformerownertoRSPCAforheroldage.Peggywastrainedwithouttheaidofotherdogs.Peggywasadoptedbythecoupleshortlyafterthecouplemether.Peggyisfullofenergyandnowisworkingalldaylong.HowdidthecoupletrainPeggytounderstandtheirhandsignalsandbodylanguage?Byapplyingrepeatedandpositivereinforcement.Byparingaverbalcommandwithanaction.Bypattingtheirknees.Bydoingawavinggesture.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph7?notdeafnotyoungnotenergeticnotpositiveWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Signlanguageisofimportancetotrainingdogstoherd.HowRSPCArescuestheabandoneddogsandsendsthemtosomefamilies.HowShortenandJasonteachdeafdogstoherdandworkwithashepherd.Anelderlydeafsheepdogisnowworkingagainafterlearningsignlanguage.【答案】56.C57.A58.B59.D［语篇导读］本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只年老的叫Peggy的牧羊犬失去听力后被主人送到皇家防止虐待动物协会。在那里，它被Shorten夫妇收养并学会手语，重新开始工作。【解析】.C推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的WecompletelyfellinlovewithPeggyalmostimmediately,anditsoonbecameclearthatshewouldn*tbegoinganywhere可知答案。.A细节理解题。根据第五段第二句Weusedrepetitiveandpositivereinforcement可知答案。B选项是这对夫妻没有选择的方法C和D选项是具体某个手势，并不是训练的方法。.B词义猜测题。根据最后一段sheisgenerallyretired可知,Peggy是一只退休的，不再年轻的狗。59.D主旨大意题。从文章的第一段和最后一段得知，年老的失去听力的Peggy被Shorten夫妇教会手语后，重新工作。(B)Withthefragranceindustryexpectedtobeworthanenormous$92billionby2024,thereisbigmoneytobemadefromscents.Asthefashionandmarketingindustrymovesawayfromtargetingmenandwomenandontoamoreinclusive,non-genderedapproach,fragrancecompaniesaredoingtheexactsame-creatingproductsthatcanbewornhappilybyallgenders.Thesmellswe'redrawntoareinherentlyuniversal,acrossallgendersandincludingallnoses.Withthisinmind,wetestedournosesagainstthreeofthebrandsthathavemadeaplayforgenderneutrality.EccentricMoleculesTheuniquesellingpointofEccentricMoleculesisthatit'sdesignedtosmellcompletelydifferentoneverywearer,reactingwithournaturalscentstocreateauniqueblend.Withpotentialforsharingwithalovedone,theirpackagingisapracticalifalittleunromantic,simplebottle.Still,uponopeningtheirbestseller"Molecule01",thejourneybegins.Uponfirstspray,theoverwhelmingscentisofalcohol,butitsoonsettlesintoabarely-theresmellthatrecallssoftleatherandfeelssurprisinglysoothingonskin.TopScent:Molecule01,£72for100mlCleanReserveCleanReservesmellslikeitsounds-brightfreshscentsthatwouldappealtothosewhopreferlightsmell.Itisalsoperfectforkeepinginyourgymordaybagtofreshenupyourself.Packagingfeelsweightyandluxurious——withoutcompromisingsustainability——thebottleismadefromsustainability-managedfores:woodandeventhealcoholisderivedfromcorn.TopScent:Rain,£82forlOOmlLaboratoryPerfumesPackagedinchemistry-classbottles,thisbrand'slatestcollectionisstronglyinspiredbyBritainanditsnaturalabundanceofherbsandflowers.Whatresultsaregrown-up,powerfulscents.Ourclearfavouritesfromthecollectioncouldn'tbemoredifferent——“Samphire“isarefreshingcoastalscentmixedwithrose,while“Atlas”isastrongblendofwineandtobacco,aneasysignaturescentfordayandnightwithminimalreapplicationneeded.TopScent:Atlas,£65for100ml.Thepurposeofparagraph1is.toanalyzehowsmellsinfluenceustoselltheideaofnon-genderedfragrancetoinformthereadersofalatestfashiontrendtojustifythedevelopmentoffragranceindustryThecommonfeatureofEscentricMoleculesandCleanReserveis.practicalandsimplepackagingsustainablepackagingmadefromwoodasoftandlightscentsmellingtotallydifferentoneveryuserForacustomerwhopreferstrongmaturesmellsthatlastsawholeday,whichproductshouldhechoose?A.Molecule01.B.Rain.C.Samphire.D.Atlas.【答案】60.B61.C62.D［语篇导读］本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同香水的特点。【解析】【60题详解】推理判断题。根据第——段“Asthefashionandmarketingindustrymovesawayfromtargetingmenandwomenandontoamoreinclusive,non-genderedapproach,fragrancecompaniesaredoingtheexactsame-creatingproductsthatcanbewornhappilybyallgenders.（随着时尚和营销行业从瞄准男性和女性转向一种更具包容性、非性别化的方式，香水公司正在做完全相同的创造性产品，所有性别都可以快乐地使用广可知，本段的主要目的就是推销非性别化香水理念。故选择B项。【61题详解】推理判断题。第一个方框内“Uponfirstspray,theoverwhelmingscentisofalcohol,butitsoonsettlesintoabarely-theresmellthatrecallssoftleatherandfeelssurprisinglysoothingonskin.(第一次喷洒时,压倒性的气味是酒精，但它很快就变成了一种几乎没有的气味，让人想起柔软的皮革，皮肤感觉异常光滑)''及第二个方框内“CleanReservesmellslikeitsounds-bright,freshscentsthatwouldappealtothosewhopreferlightsmell.(CleanReserve闻起来像明亮，新鲜的气味，会吸引那些喜欢淡气味的人户可知，两种香水的共同点是，柔软和味道淡。故选择C项。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个方框内“while"Atlas"isastrongblendofwineandtobacco,aneasysignaturescentfordayandnightw汕minimalreapplicationneeded.(而“Atlas”是一种强烈的混合了酒和烟草的特色鲜明的气味能持续一整天，很少需要再次使用户可知，“Atlas”适合喜欢气味强烈且持久香水的人士。故选择D项。(C)TypesofSocialGroupsLifeplacesusinacomplexwebofrelationshipswithotherpeople.Ourhumannessarisesoutoftheserelationshipsinthecourseofsocialinteraction.Moreover,ourhumannessmustbesustainedthroughsocialinteraction-andfairlyconstantlyso.Whenanassociationcontinueslongenoughfortwopeopletobecomelinkedtogetherbyarelativelystablesetofexpectations,itiscalledarelationship.Peopleareboundwithinrelationshipsbytwotypesofbonds:expressivetiesandinstrumentalties.Expressivetiesaresociallinksformedwhenweemotionallyinvestourselvesinandcommitourselvestootherpeople.Throughassociationwithpeoplewhoaremeaningfultous,weachieveasenseofsecurity,love,acceptance,companionship,andpersonalworth.Instrumentaltiesaresociallinksfocusedwhenwecooperatewithotherpeopletoachievesomegoal.Occasionally,thismaymeanworkingwith,insteadofagainst,competitors.Moreoften,wesimplycooperatewithotherstoreachsomeendwithoutendowingtherelationshipwithanylargersignificance.Sociologistshavebuiltonthedistinctionbetweenexpressiveandinstrumentaltiestodistinguishbetweentwotypesofgroups:primaryandsecondary.Aprimarygroupinvolvestwoormorepeoplewhoenjoyadirect,intimate,cohesiverelationshipwithoneanother.Expressivetiespredominateinprimarygroups:weviewthepeopleasendsinthemselvesandvaluableintheirownright.Asecondarygroupentailstwoormorepeoplewhoareinvolvedinanimpersonalrelationshipandhavecometogetherforaspecific,practicalpurpose.Instrumentaltiespredominateinsecondarygroups;weperceivepeopleasmeanstoendsratherthanasendsintheirownright,sometimesprimarygrouprelationshipsevolveoutofsecondarygrouprelationships.Thishappensinmanyworksettings.Peopleonthejoboftendevelopcloserelationshipswithcoworkersastheycometosharegripes,jokes,gossip,andsatisfactions.Anumberofconditionsenhancethelikelihoodthatprimarygroupswillarise.First,groupsizeisimportant.Wefinditdifficulttogettoknowpeoplepersonallywhentheyaremillingaboutanddispersedinlargegroups.Insmallgroupswehaveabetterchancetoinitiatecontactandestablishrapportwiththem.Second,face-to-facecontactallowsustosizeupothers.Seeingandtalkingwithoneanotherinclosephysicalproximitymakespossibleasubtleexchangeofideasandfeelings.Andthird,theprobabilitythatwewilldevelopprimarygroupbondsincreasesaswehavefrequentandcontinuouscontact.Ourtieswithpeopleoftendeepenasweinteractwiththemacrosstimeandgraduallyevolveinterlockinghabitsandinterests.Primarygroupsarefundamentaltousandtosociety.Sociologistsviewprimarygroupsasbridgesbetweenindividualsandthelargersocietybecausetheytransmit,mediate,andinterpretasociety'sculturalpatternsandprovidethesenseofonenesssocriticalforsocialsolidarity.Primarygroups,thenservebothascarriersofsocialnormsandasenforcersofthem.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofarelationship?Itisastructureofassociationswithmanypeople.Itshouldbestudiedinthecourseofsocialinteraction.Itplacesgreatdemandsonpeople.Itdevelopsgraduallyovertime.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sclaiminparagraph4thatprimarygrouprelationshipssometimesevolveoutofsecondarygrouprelationships?Secondarygrouprelationshipsbeginbybeingprimarygrouprelationships.Asecondarygrouprelationshipthatishighlyvisiblequicklybecomesaprimarygrouprelationship.Sociologistsbelievethatonlyprimarygrouprelationshipsareimportanttosociety.Eveninsecondarygroups,frequentcommunicationservestobringpeopleintocloserelationships.Thephrase“sizeup“inparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"A.enlargeB.evaluateC.impressD.acceptThispassageisdevelopedprimarilyby.drawingcomparisonsbetweentheoryandpracticepresentingtwoopposingtheoriesCdefiningimportantconceptsD.discussingcausesandtheireffects【答案】63.D64.D65.B66.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们在关系中被两种纽带所束缚:表达性联系和工具性联系，分别说明了这两种联系的含义，以及在此基础上的两种群体类型:主要群体和次要群体，以及这两种群体的含义和区别。以及提高初级群体出现可能性的三个条件。最后表达初级群体的意义：它是我们和社会的基础，它既是社会规范的载体，又是社会规范的执行者。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Whenanassociationcontinueslongenoughfortwopeopletobecomelinkedtogetherbyarelativelystablesetofexpectations,itiscalledarelationship.（当一段关系持续足够长的时间，使两个人通过一组相对稳定的期望联系在一起时，这就叫做关系。）可知一段关系随着时间的推移而逐渐发展。故选D。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Thishappensinmanyworksettings.Peopleonthejoboftendevelopcloserelationshipswithcoworkersastheycometosharegripes,jokes,gossip,andsatisfactions.（这在彳艮多工作环境中都会发生。在工作中，当人们分享抱怨、笑话、八卦和乐事时，他们经常会与同事建立亲密的关系。）可知从作者在第4段中提出的主要群体关系有时由次要群体关系演变而来的观点中，我们可以推断出即使在第二群体中，频繁的交流也有助于人们建立亲密的关系。故选D。【65题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文Seeingandtalkingwithoneanotherinclosephysicalproximitymakespossibleasubtleexchangeofideasandfeelings.可知近距离的观察和交谈使思想和感情的微妙交流成为可能。即面对面的接触让我们能够评估他人。故短语意思为“评估”，故选B。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据文章主要内容，尤其是第二段主要说明了人们关系中的两种纽带关系的含义，以及第四段说明了由这两种关系而发展而来的两个群体的含义和区别。可推知这篇文章主要是通过定义重要的概念来展开的。故选C。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthemyouneed.Uniformhastobeseenassomethingthatisearned.Schooluniformisalsoagreattooltopreventbullying.Somestudentscomplainthatschooluniformismonotonous.Inmyexperience,uniformhelpsschoolsmaintainauthority.However,aschoolshouldnotrelyheavilyonuniformregulation.Learningtofitinisoneofthethingsbeingatschoolthatteachesourchildren.ToWearorNottoWearAfterastrictheadteacherintheU.K.sent80studentshomeforuniformviolations,theGuardianheldadiscussionaboutwhetherwearingschooluniformsmakesadifference.Schooluniformisveryimportant.Itdoesimprovemyconcentration,becauseitremindsmethatI'matschooltolearn.ButI'mnotsureifthat'sbecauseI'musedtowearinguniformandassociatemyownclotheswithfreetime.67Ifeveryoneiswearingthesameclothes,it'simpossibletomakefunofotherpeople'sclothing.Idon'tthinkthisignoresachild'sneedtoexpressthemselves.-DavidHershman9astudentatStaffordgrammarschool68Studentsshouldstartschoolwithnouniform.Astheyprogressthroughtheschool,theystartwearingit.Ialwaysthinkchildrenneedtobeproudoftheirschool,anduniformisimportantforthat.So,makethemearnit!Iftheylettheschooldown,theyshouldn'tbeallowedtowearit.LookattheMarines（海军陆战队）theycan'twaittogetthatberet（贝雷帽）.-TimFrancisyaformerteacherIhavehadexperienceofteachinginbothuniformandnon-uniformschools.Icandefinitelyseethebenefitsofstudentswearinguniform.Uniformcanbeimportantincreatingasenseofschoolidentityandcommunity.Itisoftenasourceofcollectiveprideforstudents.-69_Teachingstudentshowtoexpressthemselveswithconfidence,ratherthanthelengthoftheirtie,shouldbethepriority.-EnayahByramjee^aneducationaldevelopmentdirectorInaperfectworld,schooluniformwouldnotexist.ChildrenwouldexpresstheirpersonalitiesthroughC.Thewomanshouldfindoutwhetherherloanapplicationwasaccepted.D.Thewomanshouldaskforanextensionontheapplicationdeadline.10.A.Shedidn'twanttostayattheGordon.B.Herhotelisfarfromtheconferencecentre.C.Sheisn'tsurehowtogettotheAppleGales.D.ThemanshouldconsidermovingtoanotherhotelSectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Tomakesomephysicalsamplesofthewinetobetasted.B.Toreachanagreementonhowcertainflavorssmell.C.Tocoinsomedescriptivetermsforcertainflavors.D.Tofindaroomthatislitwithredlight.A.Ithelpspeopledistinguishdifferentflavors.Itiscomposedofwheelsofdifferentsizes.Itexposesuserstofruityflavorsalone.Itdividesflavorsintotwocategories.A.Thestandardprocedureofwine-testingB.ThewideuseoftheAromaWheel.C.Theat-homewine-testingtest.D.Thefunsensoryworld.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Hereadaboutitthedaybefore.B.Oneofthestudentsaskedhimaboutit.C.HehadjustreadDr.FrederickCock'stravellog.theirclothesatschool,justastheydoathome.Schoolwouldn'timpressonpupilstheneedtowearskirtstoacertainlength.Wedon'tliveinaperfectworld,however.70Myhouseisoftenfilledwithuniform-wearinggirls.Thebestthingaboutuniform,formeasaparent,isthesimplicity.-JoannaMoorhead,amotheroffour【答案】67.B648.A69.E70.F【解析】本文为新闻报道。在英国一名严厉的校长因违反校服规定将80名学生送回家后，《卫报》就穿校服的必要性展开了讨论。【67题详解】根据卜文“Ifeveryoneiswearingthesameclothes,it'simpossibletomakefunofotherpeople'sclothing（如果每个人都穿同样的衣服，就不可能拿别人的衣服开玩笑了）“可知，每个人穿同样的衣服就不会因为着装不同而受到嘲笑，因此校服也是防止校园欺凌的好工具。故选项B.Schooluniformisalsoagreattooltopreventbullying.（校服也是防止欺凌的好工具）符合语境，故选B。【68题详解】根据下文“So,makethemearnit!Iftheylettheschooldown,theyshouldn'tbeallowedtowearit.（让他们自己去挣得吧!如果他们让学校失望了，他们不应允许穿它广可知，校服必须被看作是一种努力得来的东西。故选项A.Uniformhastobeseenassomethingthatisearned.（校服必须被看作是一种努力得来的东西）符合语境。故选A。【69题详解】根据上文“Unifbrmcanbeimportantincreatingasenseofschoolidentityandcommunity.Itisoftenasourceofcollectiveprideforstudents”可知，校服对于培养学生的自豪感和对学校认同感很重要，再根据下文"Teachingstudentshowtoexpressthemselveswithconfidence,ratherthanthelengthoftheirtie,shouldbethepriority（教学生如何自信地表达自己，而不是（限制）他们领带的长度，应该是最重要的广可知，所设空处表转折，选项E.However,aschoolshouldnotrelyheavilyonuniformregulation（然而，学校不应该过分依赖统一的规章制度）符合语境，故选E。【70题详解】由上文“Wedon^liveinaperfectworldJ可知，我们没有生活在一个完美的世界，在学校里不能像在家里一样可以通过穿衣打扮表达自己的个性，因此我们要教会孩子们遵守校规，故选项F.Learningtofitinisoneofthethingsbeingatschoolthatteachesourchildren（学会融入是我们在学校教孩子的事情之一）符合语境，故选F。IV.SummaryWriting(10分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheprotectionprovidedbyCOVID-19vaccinesdeclinesafterfourtosixmonths,alargeUnitedKingdomstudyhasfound.ResearchersfromhealthsciencecompanyZOE,aspin-outfromKing'sCollegeLondon,recentlyhavefoundthatafullcourseofthePfizervaccinewas88percenteffectiveatpreventinginfectionafteronemonth,andthisprotectionfellto74percentafterfivetosixmonths.TimSpector,aprofessorofgeneticepidemiologywholedtheresearch,saidthatthedataisbroadlyconsistentwithvariousotherstudiesonCOVID-19vaccineefficacyovertime,includingarecentsurveyfromOxfordUniversitythatfoundprotectionfromthePfizerandAstraZenecajabsagainsttheDeltavariantweakenedwithinthreemonths.However,SimonClarke,anassociateprofessorinmicrobiologyatReadingUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidtheclaimthatprotectionmaydipbelow50percentthisyear"isnotbasedonanystronganalysisofdata“andseems“morelikeafingerintheairprediction”."Immunityisacomplexprocessandwecannotassumepeople'simmunitywillfadeatauniformrateovertime,“Clarkesaid.PeterEnglish,aformerchairmanoftheBritishMedicalAssociation'sPublicHealthMedicineCommittee,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidthatthedataislimitedasitdidnotprovideinformationaboutvaccineefficacyatpreventingseveredisease.“Thereisaworldofdifferencebetweenefficacyagainst,ontheonehand,anyinfectionandontheotherhand,illnesssevereenoughtorequirehospitalization,criticalcare,ortocausedeathJEnglishsaid.Spectorsaidthat,inlightofthenewresearch,"weurgentlyneedtomakeplansfbrvaccineboosters”，orthirdshotsaimedatcombatingfadingimmunity.HetoldtheBBCthattheseshotsshouldbereservedforcertaingroups,andthatawidespreadboostercampaignwouldbea“hugewaste"and"ethicallydubious”.【参考答案】AnewstudyhasfoundtheefficacyofCOVID-19vaccineswilldeclineastimegoesby.Thefindingisbackedbyotherstudies.However,theunscientificanalysisofdataandlimitationforlackofinformationregardingvaccineefficacyatseverediseasepreventionhavecastdoubtonthisfinding.Despitethese,itisrecommendedtoboostvaccineinjectionsamongcertaingroups.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项新的研究发现，随着时间的推移，C0VID-19疫苗的效力将会下降。这一发现得到了其他研究的支持。然而，数据的不科学分析和疫苗在严重疾病预防中的功效信息的缺乏，使这一发现受到质疑。尽管如此，还是建议在某些群体中增加疫苗注射。【详解】1要点摘录①TheprotectionprovidedbyCOVID-19vaccinesdeclinesafterfourtosixmonths,alargeUnitedKingdomstudyhasfound.②TimSpector,aprofessorofgeneticepidemiologywholedtheresearch,saidthatthedataisbroadlyconsistentwithvariousotherstudiesonCOVID-19vaccineefficacyovertime,includingarecentsurveyfromOxfordUniversitythatfoundprotectionfromthePfizerandAstraZenecajabsagainsttheDeltavariantweakenedwithinthreemonths.③However,SimonClarke,anassociateprofessorinmicrobiologyatReadingUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidtheclaimthatprotectionmaydipbelow50percentthisyear"isnotbasedonanystronganalysisofdata”andseems"morelikeafingerintheairprediction”.PeterEnglish,aformerchairmanoftheBritishMedicalAssociation'sPublicHealthMedicineCommittee,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidthatthedataislimitedasitdidnotprovideinformationaboutvaccineefficacyatpreventingseveredisease.©Spectorsaidthat,inlightofthenewresearch,"weurgentlyneedtomakeplansfbrvaccineboosters”，orthirdshotsaimedatcombatingfadingimmunity.HetoldtheBBCthattheseshotsshouldbereservedforcertaingroups,andthatawidespreadboostercampaignwouldbea"hugewaste"and"ethicallydubious”..缜密构思将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。.遣词造句AnewstudyhasfoundtheefficacyofCOVID-19vaccineswilldeclineastimegoesby.Thefindingisbackedbyotherstudies.However,theunscientificanalysisofdataandlimitationforlackofinformationregardingvaccineefficacyatseverediseasepreventionhavecastdoubtonthisfinding.Despitethese,itisrecommendedtoboostvaccineinjectionsamon