新世纪大学英语2册U1B2(4)Word版

整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式1.DifficultSentences1.(Para.1)Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.Canyouanalyzethecause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess?(=Ifyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,theyusuallydo.)2.(Para.2)Optimismandpessimismarewithpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewant,soastoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Whyshouldeachofuschoosebetweenoptimismandpessimismtoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations?(=Becausethereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife,whichservesasarationalbasisforustochooseeitheroptimismorpessimism.)3.(Para.2)Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸——丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢欣与痛苦——令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。)4.(Para.3)Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(=Theauthorchoosestobeanoptimistratherthanapessimist.)5.(Para.3)Butwhenallissaidanddone,Ifindthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?(=Havingexperiencedsomanydifficultiesandcrises,theauthorbelievesthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.（=但是，当一切尘埃落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。）6.(Para.4)Conversely,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式Whydoestheauthorsaynegativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsbecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy?(=Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpessimismandfailure.Ifyouexpectsomethingtoturnoutbad,itprobablywill.)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因果：它们是能自我实现的预言。)7.(Para.5)Thatseemedlikeanoddquestion,butIfeltfineandtoldhimso.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?(=Theauthorwasfeelinggreatonthatbeautifulday.Althoughhewasabitsurprisedtoheartheattendant’squestion,hestilltellshimthefact.)8.(Para.9)Optimismdoesn’tneedtobenaive.Whatdoesthissentenceimply?(=Tobeoptimisticdoesn’tmeantobesimple-mindedorhappyblindly.)9.(Para.10)Optimismdrawsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.Paraphrasethissentence.(=Ifwetakeanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,wewilllookonthepositivesideofthesituationandgraduallycultivateapositiveandconstructivewayofthinking.)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=乐观精神使我们的注意力从消极的否定态度转向积极的、建设性的思考。)2.WordsandExpressions1.inreverse:intheoppositewaytonormalortotheprevioussituationUSvideorecorderscannotplayEuropeantapes,andthesameappliesinreverse.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式2.(Para.2)shape:v.1)influencesth.suchasabelief,opinion,etc.andmakeitdevelopinaparticularwayPeople’spoliticalbeliefsareshapedbywhattheyseeinthepapers.Itistruethatapeople’scharacteris,toagreatextent,shapedbytheenvironmenttheylivein.2)makesth.haveaparticularshape,especiallybypressingit（插入图片birdnest）Thebirdshapeditsnestfrommudandsticks.Childrenshapedthesandintoamoundonthebeach.(插入声音文件shape)(=Wewatchedinamazementassheshapedtheclayintoapot.)3.(Para.2)ample:adj.1)morethanenoughThereisanamplesupplyofconsumergoods.Thedirectorofthecompanyreceivesanamplesalary.2)(literary)largeinawaythatisattractiveorpleasant他胸怀广阔。(=He’sgotanamplebosom.)4.(Para.2)bless:v.askGodtoprotectsb.orsth.;haveaspecialability,goodquality,etc.（插入图片Jesus）TheybroughtthechildrentoJesusandheblessedthem.Wewerebothblessedwithgoodhealth.（插入声音文件）(=Insomecountries,thepriestblessesthefieldsbeforeseedissown.)愿上帝保佑你。(=MayGodblessyou.)Pattern:beblessedwithsth.N.B.注意该词的词性变化，它的名词与形容词分别为：blessing和blessed。5.(Para.2)curse:1.v.1)sayorthinkbadthingsaboutsb.orsth.becausetheyhavemadeyouangryHecursed(at)hisbadluck.Shecursedhimforruiningherlife.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式2)swearGilbertwascursingunderhisbreath.2.n.1)aswearwordorwordsthatyousaybecauseyouareveryangryHemutteredacurseunderhisbreath.2)sth.thatcausestrouble,harm,etc.（插入图片mice）Miceareacurseinthecountry.Gamblingisoftenacurse.他的财富最后害了他。(=Hiswealthprovedacursetohim.)6.(Para.2)perspective:n.1)awayofthinkingaboutsth.,especiallyonewhichisinfluencedbythetypeofpersonyouareorbyyourexperiencesYouhavethewrongperspectiveonthatsituation.Heviewseverythingfromapoliticalperspective.（插入声音文件）(=Thedeathofhisfathereightmonthsagohasgivenhimanewperspectiveonlife.)2)asensiblewayofjudgingandcomparingsituationssothatyoudonotimaginethatsth.ismoreseriousthanitreallyisShewasundersuchstressthatshelostallsenseofperspective.Wemustkeepasenseofperspectiveaboutwhathe’sdone.7.(Para.2)view:v.1)thinkaboutsth.orsb.inaparticularwayIviewhisactionasabreachoftrust.2)lookatsth.,especiallybecauseitisbeautifuloryouareinterestedinitThemountainisbestviewedfromthenorthside.Collocations:viewsth.assth.viewsth.fromsth.8.(Para.3)highlight:1.v.makeaproblemorsubjecteasytonoticesothatpeoplepayattentiontoitThereporthighlightstheproblemsoftheunemployed.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式（插入声音文件highlight）(=Iwouldliketohighlightthreechallengesintheprocessofthedevelopmentofculturaltraditions.)2.n.themostimportant,interesting,orenjoyablepartofsth.suchasaholiday,performance,orsportscompetitionThehighlightsofthematchwillbeshownonTVtonight,DavidBeckhamviewedthatseasonasthehighlightofhiscareer.她的表演是那场演出中最精彩的部分。(=Herperformancewasthehighlightoftheshow.)9.(Para.3)livethrough:experiencedifficultordangerousconditionsHehaslivedthroughtwowarsandthreerevolutions.Thegeneralhaslivedthroughmorethanfivetimesofmurdering.10.(Para.4)conversely:adv.usedwhenonesituationistheoppositeofanotherYoucanaddthefluidtothepowderor,conversely,thepowdertothefluid.Americanconsumerspreferwhiteeggs;conversely,Britishbuyerslikebrowneggs.11.(Para.4)feedon/upon:ifafeelingorprocessfeedsonsth.,itbecomesstrongerbecauseofit;ifananimalfeedsonaparticularfood,itusuallyeatsthatfoodBirdsfeedonseedsandberries.（插入图片cattle）Cattlefeedchieflyongrass.Hatredfeedsonenvy.(=因妒生恨。)CF:feed,nourish,nurture&supply这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意feed普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的营养品。句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语。nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助计划、想法、感情等发展。supply表示提供所需物品。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththefourwordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式1.Milk,eggs,andmeat_______thebodiesofgrowingboysandgirls.(=nourish)2.Itismother’sdutyto_______herchildren.(=nurture)3.Mostlargetownsare________withelectricity.(=supplied)4.Thefarmer’swife_______cattleandsheepeverymorning.(=feeds)5.Wewanttothenewproject,notdestroyit.(=nurture)12.(Para.5)odd:adj.differentfromwhatisnormalorexpected,especiallyinawaythatyoudisapproveoforcannotunderstandShegetsodderasshegrowsolder.Wealwaysmeetinoddcircumstances.CF:strange,odd,peculiar&curious这些形容词均含有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的、好奇的”之意。strange普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。例如：Thedoctorthoughtherstrangebehaviorwascausedbystress.odd通常指不同寻常或者出乎意料之外的人或事物，往往令人困惑或感到奇怪。例如：Heisratheranoddman.peculiar常指因为觉得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有点奇怪。例如：Thisfoodhasgotapeculiartaste.curious通常指非常奇特从而能引起人们的好奇心。例如：Itisacuriousfactthatheneverworksbuthasplentyofmoney.13.(Para.6)pullover:drivetothesideoftheroadandstopyourcar,ortomakesb.elsedothisPull(yourcar)overandletmepass!14.(L41)pickup:getanillnessIpickedupaviruswhileIwasinAmerica.(Directions:)Matchthedefinitionswiththesentences.1)letsb.getintoyourcar2)learnsth.3)catch(anillness)4)recover;regain5)getsth.6)improve;becomebetter整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式1.Wecanpickuptheticketsanhourbeforetheplaybegins.(=5)2.Unfortunately,manychildrenpickeduptheflu.(=3)3.Theeconomyisstartingtopickupnow.(=6)4.ShepickedupquitealotofFrenchwhenshelivedinFrance.(=2)5.You’llsoonpickuphealthwhenyougettotheseaside.(=4)6.Hepickedupthechildandputheronhisshoulder.(=1)15.(Para.7)figureout:thinkaboutaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappenedIcan’tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.Haveyoufigureoutwhat’swrongwithyourcar?我试图弄明白出了什么事。(=Iwastryingtofigureoutwhatwashappening.)16.(Para.7)reflect:v.1)ifasurfacereflectslight,heat,orsound,itsendsbackthelight,etc.thatreachesit;ifapersonorathingisreflectedinamirror,glass,orwater,youcanseeanimageofthepersonorthingonthesurfaceofthemirror,glass,orwater（插入图片treereflected）Lookatthetreesreflectedinthelake.Thesightofmyfacereflectedinthemirrorneverpleasesme.（插入声音文件reflect）(=Althoughplanetsgiveoffnolightoftheirown,theyreflectthelightfromthesunandlooklikestarsatnight.)2)showorbeasignofaparticularsituationorfeelingHersadlooksreflectedthethoughtspassingthroughhermind.Theincreaseincrimereflectsrisingunemployment.Modernsocietyasksformodernfacilities.Modernfacilitiesreflectthemodernflavour.3)thinkcarefullyaboutsth.,ortosaysth.thatyouhavebeenthinkingaboutIneedtimetoreflectonyouroffer.Hereflectedhowdifficultitwouldbetoescape.决定做一件事之前应考虑可能产生的后果。(=Youshouldreflectonthelikelyresultbeforeyoudecidetodosomething.)17.(Para.7)profound:adj.1)showingstrong,seriousfeelings*Hehasaprofoundsenseofguilt.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式*Heopenedthedoorwithaprofoundsigh.2)showinggreatknowledgeandunderstandingWeallconsiderhimtobeaprofoundstatesman.Heisgoodatexpressingprofoundtruthsinsimplelanguage,中华文明博大精深、源远流长,为人类文明进步作出了巨大贡献。(=TheChinesecivilization,extensiveandprofound,andwithalonghistorybehindit,hascontributedtremendouslytotheprogressofhumancivilization.)CF:deep&profound这两个形容词都有表示“深的”之意。deep普通用词，可用于比喻，表示“深刻”、“深奥”、“深谋远虑”等。例如：Tfound语气较强，较为庄重，多指抽象的事物，多用于比喻，含有“极为深刻、深奥的”之意。例如：Itishardforyoutograspsuchaprofoundtheory.18.(Para.8)affirmation:n.strengtheningafeeling,belief,oridea;statingpubliclythatsomethingistrue（插入图片Titanic）ThemovieTitanicisanaffirmationofthepoweroflove.19.(Para.8)accomplish:v.succeedindoingsth.,especiallyaftertryingveryhardWetriedtosettletheargumentbutaccomplishednothing.Wehaveaccomplishedallwesetouttodo.CF:accomplish,achieve,fulfill&complete这些动词均含有“完成”之意。accomplish指经过艰苦的努力之后成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重达到预期目的的整个过程。achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现某事，特别强调由于非常努力以及克服困难后达到目的。fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等，侧重于完成心愿或者尽义务的意思。complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分，一般指经过比较长的时间以后完成了任务。(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththefourwordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Brownwasabrilliantmusicianbuthehadnever_______hisearlypromise.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式(=fulfilled)2.They_______thedifficulttaskassignedtothem.(=accomplished)3.Theconstructionworkofthenewsteelplanthasalreadybeen________.(=completed)4.Itismoredifficultforawomanto_______successinmodernsociety.(=achieve)5.I’llmyobligationtothebestofmyability.(=fulfill)6.Theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsthattheirpurpose.(=achieved)20.(Para.9)address:v.1)makeaformalspeechtoalargegroupofpeopleThegovernorwasinvitedtoaddresstheconference.2)ifyouaddressanenvelope,package,etc.,youwriteonitthenameandaddressofthepersonyouaresendingittoTheletterisaddressedtotheoccupierofthehouse.（插入声音文件）(=Hegaveintocuriosityandopenedtheletteraddressedtohiswife.)3)(formal)ifyouaddres