2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,

1

thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan

2

alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto

3

themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.

4

,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.

5

aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying

6

agoodfamily.Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,

7

bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand

8

prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,

9

cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and

10

acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe

11

.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay

12

withthemuptoayear,

13

theycanbuildanewhousenearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto

14

,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare

15

withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains

16

propertyheorshe

17

intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis

18

equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice

19

up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry

20

thewomanmustwaittenmonths.1

[单选题]

第（1）题选______.A.aswellasB.bywayofC.onbehalfofD.withregardto正确答案：A参考解析：由句意“择偶不仅涉及男方的亲朋好友，同样涉及女方的亲朋好友”可知前后是并列关系，选项中只有“aswellas”表示并列关系，故选A。2

[单选题]

第（2）题选______.A.adapttoB.provideforC.competewithD.decideon正确答案：D参考解析：根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词，空格后面的宾语是“……配偶”，所以根据动宾搭配的原则，D项“decideon”可以与后面的宾语搭配，构成“选择配偶”，故选D。3

[单选题]

第（3）题选_______.A.renewB.closeC.arrangeD.postpone正确答案：C参考解析：空格处后面的内容是themarriagenegotiation，只能与c项“arrange”搭配，构成“安排提亲”之意，故选C。4

[单选题]

第（4）题选_______.A.IntheoryB.IntimeC.AboveallD.Forexample正确答案：A参考解析：根据空格后面的内容，得知女孩可能会否定她的父母为其所选的配偶，句中的may表示可能性。因此，与原文句子内容表达一致的，只有“Intheory”(从理论上讲)。5

[单选题]

第（5）题选_______.A.AlthoughB.LestC.AfterD.Unless正确答案：C参考解析：空格处所在句的前半句是现在完成时，后半句是一般现在时，根据时态判断，前后内容存在时间上的先后性，所以C项正确。6

[单选题]

第（6）题选______.A.withinB.intoC.fromD.through正确答案：B参考解析：eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying_______agoodfamily意为“每家都会调查另一家，确保自己的孩子娶到或嫁进一个好家庭”。此处需要填入一个介词与marry构成合理搭配，介词into最合适，故选B。7

[单选题]

第（7）题选_______.A.sinceB.orC.soD.but正确答案：D参考解析：空格前半句说原来传统婚礼持续三天，后半句说到20世纪80年代婚礼通常持续一天半，显然前后形成了对比，故选D。8

[单选题]

第（8）题选_______.A.testB.reciteC.copyD.create正确答案：B参考解析：本句句意为“佛教僧侣会为新人进行简短的布道和诵经以祈福”。“reciteprayers”为固定搭配，意为“诵经”，故选B。9

[单选题]

第（9）题选______.A.foldingB.pilingC.wrappingD.tying正确答案：D参考解析：本句句意为“把浸泡在圣水中的棉线绑在新娘和新郎的手腕上”。folding意为“折叠”，piling意为“堆放”，wrapping意为“包裹”，均不符合文意，tying是tie的一ing形式，意为“绑，系”，故选D。10

[单选题]

第（10）题选_______.A.passingB.lightingC.hidingD.serving正确答案：A参考解析：and_______acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblesstheunion意为“在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重的夫妇中传递一根蜡烛来祝福新人的结合”。根据语境，lighting意为“点亮”，hiding意为“隐藏”，serving意为“服务”，均不合适，只能选A项passing“传递”。11

[单选题]

第（11）题选______.A.associationB.meetingC.collectionD.union正确答案：D参考解析：该句讲道：围坐在新婚夫妇身边祝福他们的_______。根据语境可知应填入联姻的含义，四个选项中可以表示姻亲关系的只有union“团聚，结合”，为正确答案。meeting意为“会议、会面”，association意为“联合、联盟”，collection意为“收集、集合”，均不符合语境，故选D。12

[单选题]

第（12）题选______.A.growB.partC.liveD.deal正确答案：C参考解析：句意：传统意义上讲，新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们共同居住长达一年之久。前文讲到新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，后文应保持一致性，live(with)意为“和……一起生活”，grow意为“成长”，part(with)意为“分离”，deal(with)意为“处理、应对”，故live为正确答案。13

[单选题]

第（13）题选______.A.whereasB.untilC.forD.if正确答案：B参考解析：句意：新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们共同生活长达一年之久，直到他们能够在附近建成新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词，前后为时间先后关系，故代入until意为“直到”，语义合理。whereas意为“然而”，for表示原因，if表示条件，均不适合，故选B。14

[单选题]

第（14）题选_______.A.followB.obtainC.challengeD.avoid正确答案：B参考解析：句意：离婚是合法的并容易办理，但(离婚现象)并不普遍。填入词应与legal感情色彩一致，avoid意为“避免”，challenge意为“挑战，质疑”，而follow意为“跟随”，通常不与“divorce”搭配。将obtain“获得”代入语境，表示获得离婚，搭配合理，语义通顺，故选B。15

[单选题]

第（15）题选_______.A.isolatedB.persuadedC.viewedD.exposed正确答案：C参考解析：此处需填入动作，isolated意为“隔离”，persuaded意为“劝说”，viewed意为“看待、视为”，exposed意为“暴露、揭露”。代入文中viewed是最合理的，表示人们对离婚的人持反对态度，故选C。16

[单选题]

第（16）题选_______.A.whateverB.howeverC.wheneverD.wherever正确答案：A参考解析：此处空前有动词retains，因此需要一个连接词引导宾语从句，并且与proper—ty搭配，共同充当从句中的宾语。wherever意为“无论何地”，whenever意为“无论何时”，however意为“然而，但是，无论如何”，都作状语，只有whatever可以与property搭配，充当宾语从句的宾语，表示“一切财产”，故选A。17

[单选题]

第（17）题选_______.A.changedB.broughtC.shapedD.pushed正确答案：B参考解析：句意：夫妻各自保留他／她带进婚姻的任何财产。此处需要填入一个动词，能和property形成动宾搭配。changed意为“改变”，brought意为“带来”，shaped意为“形成”，pushed意为“推搡”，故选B。18

[单选题]

第（18）题选A.withdrawnB.investedC.donatedD.divided正确答案：D参考解析：此处需要填入一个动词，作用于jointly-acquiredproperty“共同获得的财产”。divided意为“分割”，invested意为“投资”，donated意为“捐赠”，withdrawn意为“取钱，撤走资金”，均能和jointly-acquiredproperty构成动宾搭配，但是此处的情境是讨论离婚时的行为，故选d。19

[单选题]

第（19）题选A.clearsB.showsC.warmsD.breaks正确答案：B参考解析：句意：但是，性别歧视此时显现出来了。clearup意为“(天空)放晴，治疗，处理，解释”，warmup意为“使变热；(使)更活跃”，showup意为“显现，出现”，breakup意为“结束，使破碎”。后文提到离婚后，男士可以立即再婚，而女士必须要等十个月，可知符合文意，并且能够和“性别歧视”搭配的只有B项。20

[单选题]

第（20）题选A.whileB.onceC.sothatD.inthat正确答案：A参考解析：上文指出，离婚男士在他再婚前没有一个等候期，空格后提到“女性必须要等待10个月”，显然，这二者形成对比关系，sothat意为“所以”，inthat意为“因为”，均排除；once意为“一旦”，表条件关系，亦排除，故选A。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendup

impinging

onhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople."Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21

[单选题]

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?A.Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.B.Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.C.Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.D.Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.正确答案：A参考解析：文章开篇即讲“France，whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion，hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen”(以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国承认其时尚业已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利)，这说明法国以前制定的形体关的标准已不再适用，现在需要做出改变，故选A。22

[单选题]

Thephrase"impingingon"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.indicatingthestateof.B.heighteningthevalueof.C.losingfaithin.D.doingharmto.正确答案：D参考解析：由题干关键词“impingingon”(Line2，Para．2)，定位到第二段的第二句“Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth．”意为“他们认为美不应该以……健康的外表来界定。”该句承接本段第一句Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofup-liftingmotives，其中，Suchmeasures指代第一段中阐述的“雇佣过瘦的模特定为犯罪”的法律规定，且excessive一词表明了贬义的感情。由此可推断出impingingon对health是“有害的、不利的”，故选D。23

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?A.TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.B.Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.C.Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.D.NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.正确答案：D参考解析：由关键词定位在原文第五段。由该段第二句可知，丹麦、美国等国家正在制定模特的标准。与B项“丹麦正在制定新的标准”相符合，故选D。24

[单选题]

AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor_______.A.pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.B.caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character.C.showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.D.settingahighagethresholdformodels.正确答案：C参考解析：根据题干关键词，定位到倒数第二段，其中指出“…enforcementistodenyaccessfordesigners…”，意为“法案拒绝设计师进入CFW，它是由丹麦时装学院创办的。”再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年纪、健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒绝的原因是不太考虑健康因素，故选c。25

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryB.JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeautyC.ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFranceD.AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals正确答案：D参考解析：文章首段指出法律要求时尚界不能用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点说明时尚界的模特还需考虑年纪、健康以及其他方面的因素等。因文章中心是对时尚界理想体型观点的挑战，故D项“AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals”正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever."Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"arefreshingair."Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorising"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStiflingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26

[单选题]

Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside_______.A.isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.B.isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.C.didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.D.hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.正确答案：A参考解析：由题干“英国大众对于乡村的观点”可定位至文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将“乡村”和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列为让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。“isnotwellreflectedinpolitics”(在政治中没有得到很好的体现)是对原文的同义替换，故选A。27

[单选题]

AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing_______.A.largelyovershadowed.B.properlyprotected.C.effectivelyreinforced.D.graduallydestroyed.正确答案：D参考解析：第二段通过第一句的“Acenturyago”和后面的“later”可知是在进行古今对比。题干中问的是“now”，对比后半部分中的“Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore，andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit．”一句表明现在的NationalTrust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已经消失了。graduallydestroyed正是对这一意思的表述，故选D。28

[单选题]

WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.B.TheConservativesmayabandon"off-plan"building.C.Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.D.TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.正确答案：C参考解析：第三段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点的态度：基本都不赞同。该段倒数第二句“0nlyUkip，sensingitschance，hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland．”说明只有Ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。c项正是对原文的同义转换，故选C。29

[单选题]

TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference_______.A.showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.B.stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.C.highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.D.revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.正确答案：A参考解析：根据第五段第三句“GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal．”和第四句“Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets．”的谓语都用了favours“喜欢”一词，又分别在宾语部分使用了ruralnew-build“开发乡村”和out-of-townshoppingsites“郊外购物场所”这两个词，由此可以看出GeorgeOsborne更偏爱在乡间开发而非在城区开发。而且从该段最后两句可以看出，作者对GeorgeOsborne持反对态度，认为GeorgeOsborne的偏爱实际上有利于urbanconservationareas，而毁坏了ruralconservation。由段落分析可知，GeorgeOsborne显然支持ruraldevelopment而非ruralconservation，他对ruralareas的character漠不关心，所以A项是对原文的合理概括，故选A。30

[单选题]

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof_______.A.thesizeofpopulationinBritain.B.theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.C.thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.D.thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.正确答案：C参考解析：本题属于观点态度题，由最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句“Developmentshouldbeplanned，notlettrip”，说明发展是要有计划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲经过半个世纪有计划地发展，取得了很好的成效，故选c“thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain”(英国的城乡发展计划)。材料题根据下面资料，回答31-35题"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,"wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies—atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect",wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR.programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials,"saysoneresearcher.ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.31

[单选题]

TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith_______.A.tolerance.B.skepticism.C.approval.D.uncertainty.正确答案：B参考解析：第一段第一句指出Friedman认为：“企业有且只有一种责任，即为增加利润而运用资源，开展活动”。紧接着用But一词使得文章内容发生转折，由But和evenif这些词可以推测作者持反对或者质疑的态度。作者说即使接受了Friedman的假设并且认为有关企业社会责任的政策是浪费股东的钱，在这种情况下，事情也还不完全明了。thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut实际上是在说，即使按照Friedman的理念去实施，也并不一定就能达到这个理念的目的——利益的最大化。然后第四句话进一步补充了研究结论，CSR或许会为企业带来经济价值，并不是Friedman所认为的是浪费股东的钱。由此可知作者对Friedman’sstatement持质疑的态度，故B项skepticism是最佳答案。32

[单选题]

AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby_______.A.guardingitagainstmalpractices.B.protectingitfrombeingdefamed.C.winningtrustfromconsumers.D.raisingthequalityofitsproducts.正确答案：C参考解析：公司花大笔资金在CSR上面，其结果就是“Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessinthreeways”(这样可以以三种方式分别给公司带来价值)。紧接着文章分别阐述这三方式，综合这三方面可知CSR是通过赢得顾客的信任从而帮助公司获益的，故选C。33

[单选题]

Theexpression"morelenient"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.lesscontroversial.B.moreeffective.C.morelasting.D.lesssevere.正确答案：D参考解析：通过第四段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影响是对立的两个因素。而第二句冒号后面交代，参与政治活动较多的公司不会受到较低的罚款。这就意味着具有全面的CSR项目的公司受到的罚款比较低。因第一句话中的morelenientpenalties是指lesssevere，即不那么严重的惩罚，故选D。34

[单选题]

Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRrecord_______.A.hasanimpactontheirdecision.B.comesacrossasreliableevidence.C.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.D.constitutespartoftheinvestigation.正确答案：A参考解析：由题干中的prosecutorsevaluateacase定位到第五段第二句。该句指出虽然检察官在评估一个案件时，应该基于其本身特征，实际上还是受到了公司CSR记录的影响。故正确答案为A项。题干中的acompany’sCSRrecord是原文信息的复现，选项中的“hasanimpact”是原文“beinfluenced”的同义替换，theirdecision具体指检察官的评估决定。35

[单选题]

WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.B.Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.C.Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.D.Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.正确答案：B参考解析：由题干定位到末段。该段首句指出，研究者们承认他们的研究没有解决的问题是：针对CSR各大企业到底该支出多少费用。选项A中Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonit(it指代CRS)是原文howmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCRS的同义替换，表达的核心都是“公司到底该支出多少费用”；unknown对应原文中的doesnotanswerthequestion，对这个问题并没有做出回答，故选B。材料题根据下面资料，回答36-40题TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,"thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou."Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming."Itwasseenasablunder,"hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?"Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,"hesaid."Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid."Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue."Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription."It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavealegacybusiness,"Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive."36

[单选题]

TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto_______.A.thehighcostofoperation.B.theincreasingonlineadsales.C.thepressurefromitsinvestors.D.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.正确答案：A参考解析：由关键词“ending”和“dueto”定位到第二段主题句中的“incentivetoditchprint(放弃印刷的原因)”。随后解释了“infrastructureisn’tjustexpensive(设备不仅昂贵)”。此外，该段还对比了竞争对手的电子图书“don’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints(他们就没有这样的经济限制)”。因此，可以确定答案为D项“高昂的运营成本”。B项“网络广告收入日益增加”与该段“Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts”相违背；C项“来自投资者的压力”和D项“读者的抱怨”都是无中生有，皆排除。37

[单选题]

Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould_______.A.endtheprinteditionforgood.B.makestrategicadjustments.C.seeknewsourcesofreadership.D.aimforefficientmanagement.正确答案：B参考解析：根据“Perettisuggests”定位到阐述Peretti观点的第四段第一句“PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness，butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway．”可以确定答案为A项“进行战略调整”。A项“永远结束印刷版本”和shouldn’t不符。C项“挖掘更多读者”和D项“提高管理效率”在文中皆未提到，排除。38

[单选题]

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6thata"legacyproduct"_______.A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced.D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.正确答案：B参考解析：由第六段第一句“Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor”以及“makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit”可知B项正确。其他选项“有助于恢复报纸以前的辉煌”“会降低印刷成本”“有助于报纸的流行和普及”文中均未提及。39

[单选题]

Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,_______.A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated.正确答案：C参考解析：由关键词“inachangingworld”定位到文章结尾。原文说当市场和世界形势发生变化时，我们所做的事情就毫无意义了。在这种情形下，“moreaggressive(积极进取)isbetter”，和C项中的关键信息“aggressivenessbetter”相呼应，故选C，而其他选项均未提及。40

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnceB.MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGoodC.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashionD.CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand正确答案：B参考解析：本文主要是讲述报纸行业为防止被淘汰而需要做出的应对之策。根据文中第五段最后一句的“raiseprices，andmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct”以及第六段中“increaseitatahigherrateeachyear…”可知，不应该立即取消或淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的产品，并且要不断提高报纸的价格，使其成为一种奢侈品。材料题根据下面资料，回答41-45题Nomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.AccordingtoresearchfromPrincetonUniversity,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond,solelybasedonthewayyoulook.Thedifferencebetweentoday'sworkplaceandthe"dressforsuccess"eraisthattherangeofoptionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.Insomesettings,redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.Plus,whateverimagewepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedln.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuchmoreoftennowthanadecadeortwoago.Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat'sthebestwaytopulloffonethatenhancesourgoals?Herearesometips:41.________________________Asanexecutivecoach,I'veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions-whenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.Ifyou'reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou'renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere'snoneedforanupgradeandthat'sOK.42.________________________Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageorpivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheirprofessionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,ormoremodernandstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore"SoHo."(It'sOKtousecharacterizationslikethat.)43.______________________