2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"'yes！"

1

helpingyoufeelcloseand

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topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3

ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou

4

gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy

5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6

theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7

tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome

8

withacold,andtheresearchers

9

thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging

10

about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere

12."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe

13

riskforcoldsthat'susually

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withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps

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thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16

difficulty."Someexperts

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thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"

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itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit

19

inthebrain,whereit

20

mood,behaviorandphysiology.1

[单选题]

第1题选择是______.A.UnlikeB.BesidesC.DespiteD.Throughout正确答案：B参考解析：根据本句句内逻辑关系，后半句“itturnsoutthathugs…”说明拥抱还有其他积极的作用。因前半句的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外”，结合选项，Besides“除此之外”最为合适，故选B。2

[单选题]

第2题选择是_____.A.connectedB.restrictedC.equalD.inferior正确答案：A参考解析：根据句子前后结构“helpingyoufeelcloseand_____”，我们可以判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与feelclose同义，并且要与后面介词to连用。分析四个选项含义，A项有“关联的”含义最为符合，故选A。3

[单选题]

第3题选择是______.A.choiceB.view

C.lessonD.host正确答案：D参考解析：此题为固定搭配。空格所在部分后为复数形式(healthbenefits)，因此空格处在语法上必须能够接复数，选项中符合要求的只有host，“ahostof”表示大量的，故选D。其他选项搭配不合理。4

[单选题]

第4题选择是____.A.recallB.forgetC.avoidD.keep正确答案：C参考解析：根据题干信息“awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____gettingsickthiswinter．”中，出现“even”，表示“甚至”，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以给身心带来大量的好处”。因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，avoid“避免”，forget“忘记”，recall“回忆”，keep“保持”。可知C项“避免”最符合文意，即避免生病，故选C。5

[单选题]

第5题选择是______.A.collectingB.involvingC.guidingD.affecting正确答案：B参考解析：本题考查现在分词作后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study”。因此结合四个选项，collecting“收集”，affecting“影响”，guiding“引导”，involving“涉及，加入”。根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400人的研究”，故选B。6

[单选题]

第6题选择是_____.A.of

B.in

C.at

D.on正确答案：D参考解析：本题为固定搭配。根据“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_______theparticipants’susceptibility…”可知是考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth．”。因此正确答案为A。7

[单选题]

第7题选择是_____.A.devotedB.exposedC.lost

D.attracted正确答案：B参考解析：根据“commoncoldafterbeing____tothevirus．”(通常感冒是在_____细菌之后发生的)，再结合选项含义devoted“致力于”，attracted“吸引”，lost“丢失”，exposed“暴露于”。可知D项“暴露于细菌中……”符合文意。因此正确答案为B。8

[单选题]

第8题选择是______.A.acrossB.along

C.downD.out正确答案：C参考解析：本题为固定搭配。comealongwith“和……一起，随同”，comeacrosswith“偿付”，comedownwith“得病，感染”，comeoutwith“出版，提出”。结合语境，根据后面与cold“感冒”搭配，C项符合要求，表示“得感冒”。因此正确答案为c。9

[单选题]

第9题选择是______.A.calculatedB.deniedC.doubtedD.imagined正确答案：A参考解析：根据原文“theresearchers_______thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_______about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect．”可知动作的主语是“研究人员”，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用”，并且有数据支撑。结合选项，imagined“想象”，denied“否认”，doubted“怀疑”，calculated“计算，推测”来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。因此A项符合要求。10

[单选题]

第10题选择是_____.A.servedB.requiredC.restoredD.explained正确答案：D参考解析：根据文章内容，“thestress-reducingeffectsofhugging____about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect．”本题同样考查研究人员得出的研究结果，因此结合选项，served“服务”，restored“存储”，explained“解释”，required“要求”，D项“解释”符合语境要求。因此正确答案为D。11

[单选题]

第11题选择是______.A.EvenB.Still

C.RatherD.Thus正确答案：A参考解析：Thus“因此，表示因果关系”，Still“仍然，表示强调关系”，Rather“相反，表示对比关系”，Even“甚至，表示递进关系”。根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择表递进关系的词比较符合逻辑。因此正确答案为A。12

[单选题]

第12题选择是______.A.defeatsB.symptomsC.testsD.errors正确答案：B参考解析：形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____”可知所选词要与severe构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此，symptoms“症状”符合语境要求。正确答案为B。13

[单选题]

第13题选择是______.A.minimizedB.highlightedC.controlledD.increased正确答案：D参考解析：本题考查形容词。根据原文“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_______riskforcoldsthat’Susually______withstress，”可知需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。再结合常识“压力大的人患病风险相对较高”。在选项中，highlighted“突出的”，increased“增加的”，controlled“被控制的”，minimized“最小的”。对比选项含义，“增加的风险”更符合原文语境。因此正确答案为D。14

[单选题]

第14题选择是_____.A.equippedB.associatedC.presentedD.compared正确答案：B参考解析：此题为固定搭配题。A、B项不可以和with连接。associated可以和with连接，意为“与……有关联”。compared和with连接表示“和……相比”，不符合文章题意要求。因此正确答案为B。15

[单选题]

第15题选择是____.A.assessB.moderateC.generateD.record正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查动宾搭配。根据原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps_____thefeeling…”，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“thefeeling”搭配。assess“评估”，generate“产生”，moderate“缓和”，record“记录”。四个选项中，只有B项符合要求，“generatethefeeling”产生感觉。因此选C。16

[单选题]

第16题选择是_____.A.inthefaceofB.intheformofC.inthewayofD.inthenameof正确答案：A参考解析：此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义，inthenameof“以……的名义”，intheformof“以……的形式”，inthefaceof“面对……”，inthewayof“以……的方式”。结合文章语境，“面对困难”搭配最合理。因此正确答案为A。17

[单选题]

第17题选择是____.A.transferB.commitC.attributeD.return正确答案：C参考解析：此题为固定搭配题，即attributesthtosth．“把……归功于……”。因此正确答案为C。18

[单选题]

第18题选择是_____.A.becauseB.unlessC.thoughD.until正确答案：A参考解析：此题考查逻辑关系。unless“除非”，because“因为”，though“虽然”，until“直到……才”。结合原文语境，“oftencalled‘thebondinghormone'_______itpromotesattachmentinrelationships，”意为“经常被称之为‘形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙’,______它促进了关系的依赖。”从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确答案为A。19

[单选题]

第19题选择是______.A.emergesB.vanishesC.remainsD.decreases正确答案：C参考解析：本题考查动词辨析。remains“仍然”，emerges“出现”，vanishes“消失”，decreases“减少”。结合语境信息“Butsomeofit_____inthebrain，”可知B、D项与文意相反。而A项只表示一种动作。c项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求。因此正确答案为c。20

[单选题]

第20题选择是____.A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.influences正确答案：D参考解析：本题考查动词辨析。experiences“经历”，combines“结合”，justifies“替某人辩护，证明合理”，influences“影响”。根据原文语境中的“whereit______mood，behaviorandphysiology．”可知能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为和生理”，只有D项“影响”符合要求。因此正确答案为D。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25题Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21

[单选题]

ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto_____.A.explainAmerican'stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.B.stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.C.highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.D.emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.正确答案：A参考解析：根据题干关键词ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因而该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。第二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查以换取更多安全。正确答案A项的Americans’tolerance是原文Americansarewillingtotolerate的原词复现，currentsecuritychecks是原文的time．consumingsecurity的同义转换。干扰项B的urgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围；C项的majorU．S．airports属于具体信息的干扰；D项的privacy与原文无关，是常识性干扰。22

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?A.Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.B.ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.C.Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.D.Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.正确答案：C参考解析：根据题干中的longwaitsatmajorairports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resultedin与题干中的contributesto是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C项的Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers是原文ariseinairlinetravel的同义替换。干扰项A的carryonbags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容；干扰项B的TSAefficiency也出现在第四段；D项的unexpectedsecretchecks未提及。23

[单选题]

Theword"expedited"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.quieter.B.cheaper.C.wider.D.faster.正确答案：D参考解析：根据题干，定位到第五段第三句，“Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes．”，结合下一句中的savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是选项faster(更快)。干扰项A“更安静”，B项“更便宜”，C项“更广泛”，属于常识性干扰。24

[单选题]

OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis_____.A.adramaticreductionofitsscale.B.itswrongly-directedimplementation.C.thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.D.anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.正确答案：D参考解析：具体细节题。根据题干关键词problemwiththePreCheckprogram定位到文章倒数第二段的第三句话“…thispricetaghasbeenthePreCheck’sfatalflaw”可知，本句中的代词this指代本段第二句话，即乘客必须每五年缴纳85美元才能进行背景调查。D项中的anunreasonablepriceforenrollment说明了第六段中指出的问题“预检计划标价过高”，符合文意。干扰项A“其规模的急剧下滑”未提及，B项“其错误的执行”属于过度推理，C项“政府不愿意支持”是对原文的曲解。25

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LessScreeningforMoreSafetyB.PreCheck-aBelatedSolutionC.GettingStuckinSecurityLinesD.UnderusedPreCheckLanes正确答案：C参考解析：主旨题。第一段介绍事实背景，提出问题“机场安检越来越费时”；第二段首句指出了美国人对于安全检查方面的态度，并在下文提及了所出现的问题造成的影响。正确答案C“安检流程线陷入困境”是对原文的总结概括。干扰项A的Screening是原文的具体细节，B项和D项的PreCheck是原文最后三段的内容。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,"wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26

[单选题]

QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates_____.A.herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.B.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.C.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.D.herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.正确答案：B参考解析：具体细节题。根据题干中的关键词QueenLiliuokalani’s的remark定位到第一段的第一句，第一段的第二句话提到观星者是在夏威夷社会中最受尊重的成员之一。正确答案B的theimportanceofastronomy是原文Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的总结概括，inancientHawaiiansociety是原文的原词出现。干扰项A的historicalrole属于原文信息的曲解，C项的regrettabledecline未提及，属于过度推理，D项不是inhertime，而是她评论古代的观星者。27

[单选题]

MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto______.A.itsgeographicalfeatures.B.itsprotectivesurroundings.C.itsreligiousimplications.D.itsexistinginfrastructure.正确答案：A参考解析：具体细节题。根据题干中的MaunaKea，以及关键词idealastronomicalsite定位到第二段第二、三句。But后面说MaunaKea是多台国际顶尖望远镜坐落之地。本题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到MaunaKea的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层，其条件有助于望远镜获取无比清晰的图像。A项中的geographicalfeatures就是地理特征，属于同义替换。干扰项B(受保护的周边环境)未提及；C项(宗教意义)是根据本段首句worship所设的干扰，不在定位句里；D项(现有的基础设施)属过度推断。28

[单选题]

TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause_____.A.itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.B.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.C.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.D.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.正确答案：B参考解析：原因细节题。根据题干关键词theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第三段第二句，这里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，对曾经主权国家被占领的痛苦提醒。B项中的reminds是原文的原词复现，ahumiliatinghistory(令人耻辱的历史)是对theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的同义转化及总结概括。29

[单选题]

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy______.A.isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.B.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.C.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.D.willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.正确答案：A参考解析：细节推断题。A项“会实现古代夏威夷人的梦想”，第五段中的第二、第三句“thesamecuriositytofindwhatlies…”“callstodisassemblealltelescopeson…”等，表明天文学家和夏威夷人都具有探索精神，都在追寻回答人类本源的问题，两者具有相通之处，夏威夷文化中饱含对于天文方面问题的探索。因此能够实现古代夏威夷人的梦想，故A项正确。文章中只是提到探索的好奇心使得天文学家去对星空进行无尽的探寻，并未提及将夏威夷文化传播到世界各地，排除B项。第五段句首指出科学也有文化史，其根源可以追溯到人类文明的开端，而非揭示夏威夷文化的开端，属于偷换概念，排除c项。D项“最终将缓解和夏威夷人的敌意”，文中虽然提到了夏威夷人对于望远镜在山上建设的反对，但是不能由此断章取义地认为夏威夷人有敌意，排除。

30

[单选题]

Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof______.A.severecriticism.B.passiveacceptance.C.slighthesitancy.D.fullapproval.正确答案：D参考解析：第一段第三句“Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday．”意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境，作者用了一个Sadly来表达他的态度。而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么?在第一段第四句清楚地说明了原因，即当地爆发了激烈的抗议活动，反对兴建“30米望远镜”，所以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建立望远镜的。因此，正确答案是D。材料题根据以下材料，回答31-35题RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes—allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.31

[单选题]

RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe______.A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP.B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness.C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.D.hadalowopinionofGDP.正确答案：D参考解析：根据题目中的人名定位到第一段。第一句话“RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures‘everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile'"，即肯尼迪认为一个国家的GDP可以衡量所有东西，唯独无法衡量让生活有价值的事物。第二段顺承第一段提到半个多世纪以来GDP的作用一直困扰着政策制定者，他们认为GDP衡量着并不重要的事物，却遗漏了真正重要的事物，语义上与肯迪尼的观点相呼应。从“annoyed”和“aflawedconcept”可以明显看出政策制定者对GDP的负面评价。由此可知，第一段中肯迪尼对GDP的评价也是不高的，故D项正确。32

[单选题]

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that_____.A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.B.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.C.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.正确答案：B参考解析：题目明确说了从第二段中找答案。A选项中的economicpattern在原文中没有直接的表达，但在第二段末句“…peoplevoteforBrexit，despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?”提到人们投票支持“脱欧”，尽管已有警告表明这样做可能会对国家经济前景有影响。这说明英国人不怕改变现有经济状况，因此与A项中的reluctant(不情愿)不相符。C项属于过度推断。B项说GDP用来衡量成功的标准被英国人普遍否定了。第二段第二句，很多人认为GDP是有缺陷的概念，第三句紧接着说“Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo”表明GDP其实忽视了很多关键的东西。第四句、第五句说英国GDP很好，但是却要“脱欧”来改变现状，暗示人们的生活并不好。整段说明了英国人并不认为他们的高GDP给他们带来了好生活，由此可知B为正确选项。D项policymakers在第二段第一句出现，并不存在所谓英国的policymakers，更没有提到其是否更少关注GDP。33

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?A.Itissponsoredby163countries.B.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.C.Itscriteriaarequestionable.D.Itsresultsareenlightening.正确答案：D参考解析：根据题干中的recentannualstudy定位到第三段和第四段。第三段第一句“Arecentannualstudy…and…shedssomelightonthatquestion．”中的shedlighton就是“照亮，阐释”的意思，跟D项中的enlighten“启发”是同义转换，因此D为正确答案。34

[单选题]

Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat______.A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.正确答案：C参考解析：从题目可知答案来自最后两段。第六段首句指出虽然GDP是衡量国家经济行为最普遍的方法，但是它已经不足够了。第二句“Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactors…thatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being．”说明GDP没有包含所有个人幸福的要素。最后一段最后一句“Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress．”也明确说了制定政策的人要关注提高社会福利，而不是简单关注GDP数字。结合两段的内容可得知C项正确。35

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlessonB.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthC.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPD.Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being正确答案：A参考解析：主旨题。文章首段通过引用Kenndy对GDP的评价以及英国“脱欧”事件引出本文探讨的主题GDP。第二段首句指出对GDP的疑问和作用使政策制定者很恼火，呈现出对GDP的负面态度。第三段至第六段通过研究得出结论，GDP没能包含所有因素。最后一段在转折之后再度指出政策制定者已经不仅仅只是担心GDP数据，而是重新关注提高幸福的其他努力。故正确答案为A。材料题根据以下材料，回答36-40题Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact".Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns."Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.36

[单选题]

Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt_______.A.avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell'sduties.B.madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.C.wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.D.refusedtocommentonMcDonnell'sethics.正确答案：C参考解析：根据题干中的关键词Theunderlinedsentence(Para．1)可以快速找到原文的画线句子“Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct，whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment．".联系文章第一句话，虽然最高法院没有判定RobertMcDonnell受贿罪，但是holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,即在道德上却对他的行为嗤之以鼻。由此可以锁定C项中的wascontemptuousof，即法院其实非常轻视RobertMcDonnell的行为，故选C。D项中出现ethics，虽在原文中有相同的词，但是，此句话说的是拒绝从道德的标准评论RobertMcDonnell的行为，故排除D。37

[单选题]

AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves_____.A.leakingsecretsintentionally.B.sizablegainsintheformofgifts.C.concretereturnsforgift-givers.D.breakingcontractsofficially.正确答案：C参考解析：从第四段"Butunderanti-briberylaws，proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits，suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecallorhostinganeventisnotan'officialact.'"可以知道，对腐败的定义是，只有受贿者给予了行贿者实际的好处，如acontractorregulation，如果提供的不是具体的好处,仅仅只是:arrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent，那么这种行为就不是受贿，故选C。38

[单选题]

Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare______.A.justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.B.qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.C.allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.D.exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.正确答案：A参考解析：细节判断题。由题干的assumption定位到第五段最后一句"'Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment，'wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt，'assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.'"，即官员要听从选民的呼声，并对他们关注的话题相应采取行动解决问题。同时前一句也在讨论官员准许帮忙支持者解决政务问题，而不用担心被起诉贪污。都是在讨论解决问题，A项中addressingtheneeds"解决需求"，等同于dealwith，actonproblems，mustbeallowed同义替换为justified“并具有合法性”，故选A。39

[单选题]

Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto______.A.awakentheconscienceofofficials.B.guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.C.allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.D.inspirehopesinaveragepeople.正确答案：B参考解析：根据题干中的关键词Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency可以定位到第六段第三句"Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency…eachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth."即这种类型的廉正有赖于强制执行关于政府透明度的法律。联系这一段的第一句话"Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment."，即执法力度需要加强市民及其当选代表，而