版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
Lecture3CitricAcidCycleTricarboxylicacidcycle(TCAcycleorKrebsZhangSchoolofLifeScience&: : p332-HANSADOLFHansKrebs,
1953NobelLaureateinforhisdiscoveryofthecitricacidPlaceofBirth:Hildesheim,GermanyResidence:GreatBritainAffiliation:SheffieldProductionofAcetyl-ReactionsoftheCitricAcidRegulationoftheCitricAcidTheGlyoxylateCycle(乙醛酸循环)TCATakeplace--Eukaryotes:mitochondriaProkaryotes:cytosolcellularrespirationcellularrespiration--Ratherthanbeingreducedtolactate,ethanol,orsomeotherfermentationproduct,thepyruvateproducedbyglycolysisisfurtheroxidizedtoH2Oand重ProductionofAcetyl-CoA-----PyruvateAMajorEntryRouteforCarbonintotheCitricAcid 酸脱氢重enzymes(E1,E2andPyruvateDehydrogenaseDihydrolipoyltransacetylase(E2)二氢硫辛酰转乙酰基fiveThiaminePyrophosphate焦磷酸硫胺素辅羧酶LipoicAcid硫辛酸-lipoamide硫辛酰重Thereactivecarbon
TPPisthecoenzymeformofvitaminB1(thiamine)catalyzedbyPyruvateDehydrogenasetwoofthethreecarbonsofpyruvatearecarriedtransientlyonTPPintheformofahydroxyethyl羟乙基or“activeacetaldehyde乙醛groupwhichissubsequentlyreleasedasacetaldehyde羟乙基羟乙基
TheTPPcarbanion负碳离子actsasanucleophile亲核attackingthecarbonylgroupofpyruvate.strongtendencytoformanewbondisgenerallyunstable②Decarboxylationproducesacarbanion负thatisstabilizedbythethiazolium噻唑ring.③Protonationtoformhydroxyethyl④releaseof⑤AprotondissociatestoregeneratetheCryoelectron冷冻电子显微镜术micrographofPDHcomplexesisolatedfrombovinekidney.ThreedimensionalimageofPDHE1E1moleculesAnumberofE3subunits(red)arealsoboundtothecore,wheretheswingingarmonE2canreachtheiractivesites.ofE2(blue)reachesoutwardtotouchtheactivesitesThelipoylThecore(green)consistsof24moleculesofE2,arrangedin8 E1acceptsatwocarbonaldehyde(乙醛)fromthedecarboxylationofpyruvate.Thealdehydegroupistransferredtothefirstlipoamide(硫辛酰胺)armofE2.TheacetylgroupislinkedtoCoASH,formingacetyl-E3oxidizesthereducedlipoamidearmbytransferrin hydrogenstoFAD,formingFADH2FADH2isoxidizedbyNAD+,formingFADandNADH+Reactionsofcentralmetabolicpathway中心代谢途generatesNADHandproducesGTPvia evelManymetabolicprocessesuseintermediatesofTCAintheir重formcitrateTheTCAHasEight①Steps1,3,and4areessentiallyirreversibleinthecellFourstepsinthisprocessareoxidations,energyof and③Step5maybeeitherATPor
重TheCitricAcidCycleHasEightPhase1:IntroductionandLossofTwoCarbonStep1:IntroductionofTwoCarbonAtomsasAcetyl-Step3:GenerationofCO2byanNAD+LinkedDehydrogenaseStep4:GenerationofaSecondCO2byaMultienzymeComplexPhase2:RegenerationofOxaloacetate(草酰乙酸Step5:ASubstra evelPhosphorylationStep7:Hydration水合作用ofaCarbon-CarbonDoubleStep8:ADehydrogenationthatRegeneratesStep1:IntroductionofTwoCarbonAtomsasAcetyl-柠檬酸合酶citrateTCA限速Thelarge,negativestandardfree-energychangeofthecitratesynthasereactionisessentialtotheoperationofthecycletheconcentrationofoxaloacetate草酰乙酸isnormallyverylow(10-重Structureofcitrateopenformoftheenzymeclosedformwithboundoxaloacetateandastable ogofacetyl-CoA.Theflexible ofeachsubunitundergoesalargeconformationalchangeonbindingoxaloacetatecreatingabindingsiteforacetyl-CoA.CitricacidisproducedindustriallybygrowingthefungusAspergillus曲霉nigerinthepresenceofaninexpensivesugarsourceusuallybeetmolasses(甜菜糖蜜CultureconditionsaredesignedtoinhibitthereactionsofthecitricacidcyclesuchthatcitrateStep2:Isomerizationof顺顺乌头柠檬 异柠檬叔醇化合
仲醇化合(可氧化重乌头Theiron-sulfurcenteractsinbothsubstratebindingandThreeCysresiduesoftheenzymebindthreeironthefourthironisboundtooneofthecarboxylgroupsofcitrateandalsointeractsnoncovalentlywithahydroxylgroupofcitrate.Abasicresidue(:B)ontheenzymehelpstopositionthecitrateintheactivesite.Step3:GenerationofCO2byanNAD+LinkedATP,NADHinhibittheactivityofisocitrate异柠檬 草酰琥珀 α-酮戊二Isocitratedehydrogenase异柠檬酸脱酮酸的形成可促 C-C键的断裂,有利于脱羧作用的进CoenzymeNAD+
Mitand重Step GenerationofaSecondCO2byaMultienzymeα-酮戊二琥珀酰α-酮戊二琥珀酰 -KDdehydrogenaseDihydrolipoamidetransacetylase(E2)二氢硫辛酰转琥珀酰Dihydrolipoamidedehydrogenase(E3)二氢硫辛酰脱fiveThiaminePyrophosphate焦磷酸硫胺素辅羧酶 重Phase2:RegenerationofOxaloacetate(草酰乙酸Step5:ConversionofSuccinyl-CoAto琥珀酰-CoA底物水平磷酸化OnlyoneinInanimal:Inplantandmicroorganism:琥珀酰 琥珀Differentfrom 重①aphosphorylgroupreplacestheCoAofsuccinyl-CoAboundtotheenzyme,formingahigh-energyacyl酰基磷②thesuccinylphosphatedonatesitsphosphorylgrouptoaHisresidueontheenzyme,formingahigh-energyphosphohistidylenzyme③thephosphorylgroupistransferredfromtheHisresiduetotheterminalphosphateofGDP(orADP),formingGTP(orATP).Step6:OxidationofSuccinateto琥珀 延胡索琥珀酸脱氢succinate -AFlavin-DependentMalonate(丙二酸 ogofsuccinate,isastrongcompetitiveOnlyenzymeofTCAismembrane-重Step7:HydrationofFumarateto延胡索酸延胡索L-苹果 重Step8:OxidationofMalateto 重ADehydrogenationThatRegenerates苹果酸脱L-苹果 草酰乙TheEnergyofOxidationsintheForeachacetyl-CoAoxidizedbythecitricacid311ATPor重Atwo-carbonacetylgroupenteredthecyclebycombiningwithoxaloacetate.TwocarbonatomsemergedfromthecycleasCO2theoxidationofisocitrateandα-ketoglutarate.thetwocarbonatomsappearingasCO2arenotthesametwocarbonsthatenteredintheformoftheacetyl重EnergeticsoftheCitricAcid重Besidesacetyl-anycompoundthatgivesrisetoafour-orfive-carbonintermediateofthecitricacidcycle—canbeoxidizedbythecycleTheTCAisamphibolic(双重代谢的)servinginbothcatabolismandanabolism------cycleintermediatescanbedrawnoffandusedasthestartingmaterialforavarietyofbiosynthetic重RegulationofPyruvateDehydrogenaseandtheCitricAcidCycleregulatedintwoprimarycontrollingtheentryoffuelintothecyclecontrollingkeyreactionswithinthe重ControllingtheentryoffuelintothePyruvatedehydrogenase---majorregulatorypointforentryofmaterialsintoTCATheenzymeisregulatedallostericallyandbycovalentmodification.AllostericRegulationE2-inhibitedbyacetyl-CoA,activatedbyCoA-SHE3-inhibitedbyNADH,activatedbyNAD+.ATP:allostericinhibitoroftheAMP:重CovalentRegulation重Keyreactionswithinthecycle:allostericregulationisocitrateActivatedbyADP,inhibitedbyPhosphorylationofoneserineresidueintheenzymepreventsbindingofisocitrateα-ketoglutarateInhibitedbysuccinyl-CoAand重4.Glyoxylate somebacteria(inclu
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 甲周疣的临床护理
- 产后风湿的健康宣教
- 缓慢型心律失常的护理
- 《设计你的人生》课件
- 《单片机原理及应用 》课件-第5章
- 嘴巴里长泡的临床护理
- 阔韧带妊娠的健康宣教
- 皮脂腺增生的临床护理
- JJF(陕) 116-2024 直流数字功率表校准规范
- 比较线段的长短课件西西模
- 麻栗坡县润泽铜业有限公司麻栗坡县杨万铜矿矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案
- 2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷 真题语文文学类文本阅读《社戏》解析课件
- 班杜拉的社会学习理论
- 2023年自考公共管理试题答案历年试题及答案汇总
- 幼儿园教师教科研活动记录表实用文档
- 半自动钻床 课程设计报告书
- st段抬高型急性心肌梗死stemi指南
- 机电产品设计奥秘探究知到章节答案智慧树2023年青岛滨海学院
- 新外研版高中英语必修第一册Unit 6教学设计
- 2023版中国近现代史纲要课件:05第五专题 中国人民在精神上由被动转为主动
- 快乐孕育孕妇学校高级教程孕产期心理保健
评论
0/150
提交评论