人教版八年级上册Unit3-4单元知识点总结

人教版八年级上册Unit3-4单元知识点总结人教版八年级上册Unit3-4单元知识点总结人教版八年级上册Unit3-4单元知识点总结人教版八年级上册Unit3-4单元知识点总结编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:Unit3-4知识点总结及检测【教学目标】1.熟练单词和短语用法2.掌握形容词比较级最高级用法3.掌握相关重点词汇【知识梳理】一．知识点讲解与练习形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1.意义英语中大多数形容词(性质形容词)、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：Johnisatallboy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)如：longlongerlongest原级比较级最高级Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的钢笔很长。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。2.列表如下：构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不规则变化：6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。列表如下：原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)old老的older年龄较大的；较旧的oldest年龄最大的；最旧的elder仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼eldest仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼形容词最高级的用法1.形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.对我们来说，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四个女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。2.使用形容词最高级时，句中往往会出现由in或of构成的介词短语，用以说明范围。in表示在某一范围内，of表示属性，意为“某一类中的”。of表示比较的对象属于同一范畴；in则表示不属于同一范畴。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.约翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.玛丽是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容词最高级的句型结构形容词最高级的句型结构是“主语+动词+形容词最高级+of(in)+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中国最大的城市。形容词最高级的常见考点1.形容词的最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但若形容词最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格限制时，则不能再加定冠词the。如：Thetallestboyjumps(the)highestinhisclass.最高的那个男孩在他班上跳得最高。(tall为形容词,最高级前要加the；high在此为副词，最高级前可不加the)Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的儿子。(句中的oldest前有形容词性物主代词限制，不能再加the)2.常见的用来表示范围的介词有in,of,among。(1)in表示环境范围，通常用于在一定范围内的比较，后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词，并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.伦敦是英国最大的城市。(2)of用来表示对象范围，一般用于同类事物之间的比较，且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念的范畴。如：He’sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有学生中，他是最聪明的。(3)among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较，表示其中之最，后面一般接名词或代词。同of一样，也表示对象范围，因此among与of有时可互换使用。3.“oneof+the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常见考点。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之一。4.比较级与最高级之间的转换：(1)改写为：比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclass.→WeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏华是他班上最健美的男孩。(2)改写为：比较级+than+theother+可数名词复数或比较级+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.→Robertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.罗伯特在学校是最好的学生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.→Thiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo.这台电脑是三台中最贵的。5.最高级前有时可以加序数词，表示“第……个最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。二、重要词汇1.No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,muchalotabit,far,any,no等可以+比较级worksashardasTina.塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。“...（not）as+形容词或副词原级+as...”是一种原级比较，意思为“......和......(不)一样”。...notas+形容词或副词原级+as...表示双方在某个方面不同。如：HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英语不如她的好。Hedoesn’tworkashardashisbrother.他没有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容词或副词原级+as表示双方在某个方面一样。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一样高。Irunasfastashedoes.我跑得跟他一样快。3.辨析beat/win相同点：都是动词，表示“赢”不同：beat+人/win+比赛，竞赛，战争等名词。如：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。Theywonthematchthistime.这次他们赢了这场比赛。about意为“关心；在意”，期中care是动词如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我们应该关心老年人。carefor表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，takecareof也有这个意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他对滑冰没有兴趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我们班上，我们相互关心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.玛丽亚很关心大家。【友情链接】carefor还可以表示“照顾”，“照料”，相当于takecareof或lookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmustlookafteryourselves.你们要照顾好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。thinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。牢记：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词使某人/某事怎样如：Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的话使我们感到很高兴。atsb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：Don’tlaughatme!不要取笑我!7.They’rebothtall.他们两个都是高个子。bothadj./pron./adv.两个都……用在be动词后，行为动词前。Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.Bothof…..+名词复数（复数谓语）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。both…and…两者都……（复数谓语）反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不……（谓语单复数按照就近原则）【友情链接】both与allboth指代两者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我们都在这儿。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon...(P29)所有的这些节目都有一个共同特征……Eg.Thecoupleseemstohavenothingincommon.这对夫妇好像没有什么共同点。9.allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.(P29)各种各样的人都参加这些节目。【用法】allkindsof意为“各种各样的；各种类型的”，kind在此用作可数名词，意为“类别；种类”。常用短语有：akindof一种；differentkindsof不同种类的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳图书馆里有各种各样的书。【拓展】(1)kind还可用作形容词，意为“和蔼的；亲切的；善良的”。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我真是太好了。(2)kindof意为“有几分；有点儿”，常修饰形容词。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在这个房间里我们感觉有点冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That’suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己来决定。【用法】beupto意为“是……的职责；由……决定”，是一个习惯用语。beuptosb.todosth.意为“应由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主语的句子中，有时也用this或that作主语。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It’suptoyoutofillit.生命只给你时间与空间。如何填满它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshow，theyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人们看这样的节目时，通常承担着评判优胜者的角色。【用法】playarole是一种固定表达，意为“发挥作用；有影响”。若要进一步引出具体的内容，后面应用介词in表示，意为“在某事或某个方面起到作用或承担某种角色”，同义短语为playapartin。Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那儿，你会发挥作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人认为表演者的身世是编造出来的。Eg.1)It’snottrue.Shemadeitup.这不是真的。是她编造出来的。2)Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委员会由六位妇女组成。3)Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧弥补了他的容貌缺陷。4)Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妆扮演成一个老妇人。【拓展】与up相关的短语...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseshowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把这些节目太当回事，它们还是有看头的。【用法】take...seriously意为“认真对待……”。Eg.Weshouldn’ttakemoneytooseriously.我们不应该把金钱看得太重。【拓展】与take相关的短语【特色讲解】一、单项选择()istalented________musicbutIamgood_______sports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua’sshoesareas_______asZhangHui’s.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere—Yes.Itis_______towalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible()’sveryimportantforhim_______melaugh.make()5._________youdon’tgiveup(放弃)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilar_________hermother.()don’treallycareifmyfriendsarethesame_________meordifferent_______me.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim_________443—5667.()ismyfriend.Heis_________lessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoys__________jokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh,laugh,laughing()andhersister__________quietandthey________sports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegood_______children.()13.________heisveryyoung,________hecandomanythings.,but,/C./,though,though()canplay_______drums,butSamcanplay_______tennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()’sbooksarenewthan________.【当堂练习】基础演练一、根据句意及首字母或中文提示完成单词1.Mydaughtershowsa________(天赋)inmusic.2.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot___________(每个人)cananswerit.3.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe___________(创造性的).4.LiTaowonthefirstp________inthehandwritingcompetition.5.Youshouldtaketheexamss____________.Don’tbecareless.6.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity________(到目前为止)

—Verygood.Icanseealmost____________(各种各样的)thingshere.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.These______________(magician)areallfromChina.2.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless_____________(beautiful)thanLiXin.3.Whowasthelast___________(win),Jimmy,JackorLinda4.Tomenjoys_____________(listen)totheradioeverymorning.5.Mr.Suisthe____________(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe_____________________(hard-working).6.—Whoisthe____(win)ofIamasingerin2013—Sorry,Idon’tknow.7.Mymothertoldmethething____(serious),soIdidn’tknowwhattodo.8.—Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase—Heworkedso____(care)thathedidn’thearwhatIsaid.9.Thenext____(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.10.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly____(talent).巩固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetickettogobackhome.Asheknewthatitwould2

himonlytwodaysto3

toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4

.Soheboughtaticketand5

theship.Itwastime6

lunch.Hedidn’tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn’tfeel7

andwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8

hungrythathecouldn’tstand(忍受)it9

.“I’mgoingtoeat,”hesaid.“Eveniftheythrowme10

thesea.”Afterheateeverythingthewaiter(侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(账单)，”hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.“Thereisn’tanybill.”Wastheanswer.“Ontheshipmealsareincluded(包括)inthemoneyfortheticket.”()1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD．enoughmoneys()2.A．spend B．carry C．bring D．take()3.A．getto B．arrive C．reach D．get()4.A．withfood B．withoutfoodC．withfoodsD．withoutfoods()5.A．gotin B．goton C．gotoff D．gotat()6.A．to B．have C．for D．fora()7.A．trouble B．well C．good D．better()8.A．too B．so C．such D．/()9.anylongerB．nolongerC．anylongerD．nolong()10.A．into B．on C．in D．onto【当堂检测】一、单项选择。()1.—Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice—Sorry,Idon’tknow.I’mnew________town.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2.It’sfun________talentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches()3.CouldIaskyou________questions________yourserviceA.some;withB.any;aboutC.any;onD.some;about()4.Ourcityisbecoming________.A.moreandmostbeautifulB.morebeautifulandmorebeautifulC.moreandmorebeautifulD.beautifulandbeautiful()5.—________thewoodenchair—It’stoohard.A.WhatdoyoulikeB.HowdoyoulikeC.WhataboutD.Howabout()6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso________.A.healthierB.healthiestC.thehealthierD.thehealthiest()7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuy________clothesinayear.thecheapestB.cheaperC.theworstD.worse()8.Davidis________studentinourclass.Nobodyis________thanhim.A.taller;tallestB.taller;tallC.tallest;tallerD.thetallest;taller()9.Peopleinthistownareall________,butlittleAlice’sfamilyis________ofall.A.busy;busyB.thebusiest;busyC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiest()10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethird________intheworld.A.longriverB.longriversC.longestriversD.longestriver二、根据汉语意思补全下列句子，每空一词1.这家电影院有最好的音响。Thismovietheaterhas________________________.2.影视城等待的时间最短。ScreenCityhasthe______________________________.3.那是离你家最近的邮局吗Isthatpostoffice____________________________yourhome4.你可以在鑫鑫服装店买到最便宜的衣服。Youcanbuyclothes___________________________inXinxinClothesStore.5.哪家电台播放最无聊的歌曲Whichradiostation________________________________songs三、阅读理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet（安静的）andpayattention（注意）totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘记)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”(

)have______ofsummerholidays.

sevenweeks

months

week

weeks(

)takesusaweekto________.books

pensandpencilstoschool

readyforschool(

)tell________________.friendsabouttheholidays

teacherabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheteacherteacheraboutourfriends’holidays(

)can’tlistentotheteacher__________.

hard(

)teachersaysthat____________.

forgettoomuch

learnmuchinayear

learnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(行李)anhourago,butyouhaven’tputitinthetrain.Whyisn’tithere,andwherehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn’tfindyou.Yourluggageisn’tasfoolishasyouare.You’reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”(

)Whitewasangrybecausehe__________.

hisluggagestolen

’tfindhisluggage

’tliketheporter

thetrainbeganmoving(

)Whitedidn’tknow___________.

togo

luggagewaslost

wasinthewrongtrain

thetrainbeganmoving(

)thestory,_________waswrong.

porter

train

White(

)porterlookedfor________everywhere.

luggage

White

train

(

)Whitewas___________.

cleverman

foolish

indoingthings

foolishastheluggage四．书面表达假设你是Jim，常到学校附近的三家商店购物，你对三家商店进行了对比，请你运用所学过的比较级或最高级的句型描述这三家商店的不同。词数80个左右。内容包括：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________