2021-2022学年上学期高一寒假巩固练习4 限制性与非限制性定语从句 学生版

练习4练习4©. .

1 ....限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别形式不同限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。功能不同限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义）Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenext他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。（若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整）翻译不同句与主句分开。Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I'veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenext含义不同比较下面的两个句子：Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor,我有一个医生的姐姐。（姐姐不止一个）Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。（只有一个姐姐）先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险。 （which指drivetoofast）buryvt.掩埋。故填：bury。ruins处于荒废中，废墟一片。故填：ruins□wellworth值得的。故填：wortho阅读理解【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句 aUnfortunately,justasI tookoutmycamera,a approachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知作者正准备拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视野，选B。考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子 “She seemedso content in her observation.”可知这位女可能玩儿的很开心，选A。考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子“AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthe photoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.”可知照片儿中这位女士的存在，使得这张照片儿更C。考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子 “Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.”可知卧室墙上的照片儿能够D。七选五【答案】15.F 16.B17.C18.D 19.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向宠物主人介绍一些如何与宠物生活的建议。|艮据上文“Becalm.Trytoalwaysbecalmwhendealingwithyourpets,whatevert hey'vedone.you5reupsetatthem,takeamomenttocalmyourselfdownfirst.（保持冷静。不管你的宠物做了什么，都要保持冷静。如果你对他们感到不安，先花点时间让自己冷静下来）”可知，本段主要说明了要冷静，F选项中keepcalm对应上文中calmyourselfdowno故F选项“深呼吸是保持冷静的有效方法”符合语境，故选F。中艮据后"Setasidetimetopracticethese ruleswithyourpeteachday.Ifyourpetbreaksarule,usebodylanguagetoletthemknowitisnotokay. （每天抽出时间和你的宠物一起练习这些规则。果你的宠物违反了规则，用肢体语言让他们知道这是不对的）”可知，后文提到了和宠物练习规则，B选项中rules对应后文中theserules□故B选项"制定规则并坚持执行”符合语境，故选B。“Justbeinthesameroomwiththem.Letthembenearyouwhileyoumakedinner,watch TV or read a book. The more you're around one another, the better chances you have ofbecomingfriends.（你们在一起的时间越长，就越有可能成为朋友）”可知，后文提到了和宠物待在一个房间里，即C。根据上文 “Neveruseviolentactionsorlanguage.Ifyourpetdoessomethingyoudisagreewith,don'tphysicallyhurtthemorscreamatthem.（不要使用暴力行为或语言。如果你的宠物做了一些你不同意的事情，不要伤害它们或对它们尖叫）”以及后文whatyoureallywantisnottheirfearbutlove.（然而，你真正想要的不是它们的恐惧，而是爱）”可知，上文提到不要使用暴力行或语言，后文则提到了宠物的恐惧，可知伤害宠物会让宠物恐惧。故 D选项“伤害它们会使它们害怕”符合语境，故选D。根据上文“Seetheworldthroughyourpefseyes.Beempathetic （设身处地的）whendealingwithyourpet.Youdon'tknowwhafsgoingoninitsmind.Soifsbesttotrytoreaditsbodylanguageandimaginewhatitmustbegoingthrough.（通过宠物的眼睛看世界。和宠物相处时要有同理心。你不知道它在想什么。所以最好试着读懂它的肢体语言，想象它正在经历什么）”可知，本段为文章最后一段，结合上文介绍了与宠物相处的方法，可知本段再次呼应主题，指出通过这些方法来好好地对待宠物。故E选项“通过这些方法，你可以尽可能好地对待它”符合语境，故选E。完形填空【答案】20-24ABDDB 25-29AABDC30-34ACBCD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在疫情爆发期间， Zachariah和他的父亲在花园种植作物，一方面帮助了其他家庭，另一方面也改变了Zachariah的人生方向。考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这也帮助了他们的邻居，并可能改变了他的人生方向。A.neighbors邻居；B.teacher教师；C・colleagues同事；D.employees"20otherfamiliesintheircommunity."A项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这也帮助了他们的邻居，并可能改变他的人生方向。 A.attitude态度；B.direction方向；C・ experience经历；D.quality质量。根据下文“as an teacherv可知Zachariah是名老师，再根据最后一段 uconsideringa（n）profession:farming^可知他在考虑农业，所以此表示改变了Zachariah的人生方向。故选B项。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：随着疫情的爆发，该地区的食品商店里什么也没有了。 breakingin破门而入；B.dyingoff相继死亡；C.runningaway逃跑；D.breakingout爆发。根据下文“Placesthatsoldplantsforgardeningwereclosed.Peoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.”可矢日此处指的是疫情暴发。“breakout”语义是“暴发”。故选D项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着疫情的爆发，该地区的食品商店里什么也没有了 crowded拥挤的；B.clean干净的；C.full满的；D.emptyPeoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.”D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：撒迦利亚和他父亲就收集各样瓜果蔬菜的种子，种在园子的土地里。A.bought买；B.collected收集；C.planted种植；D.ate吃。根据上文uPlacesthatsoldfor gardening were closed.”可知卖种植作物的商店关门了 ,所以此处表示 Zachariah和他的父亲从他们能发现的蔬菜与水果中收集种子。故选B项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：撒迦利亚和他父亲就收集各样瓜果蔬菜的种子，种在园子的土地里。A.landB.wallC.roofD.grass“plant”可知，表示种A项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还观看了YouTubeA.gardeningB.teaching教学;C.cooking烹饪;D.singing唱歌。此处A项。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们还观看了YouTube视频来学习园艺，并记住了撒迦利亚A.foundout找出；B.passeddown传递，传承；C.searchedfor搜寻；D.for“remembered与"Zachariah'sgrandfatherv可知此处表示他们想起了ZachariahB项。20个家oA.transport运输；B.praise赞扬；C.surpriseD.feed“Peoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.”20个家庭。D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想知道为什么威尔士的蔬菜比家乡的蔬菜更好吃。 A.doubted怀疑；B.checked核对；C.wondered想知道;D.acquired要求。根据“whythefoodheateinWaleswasbetterthanthefoodheateathome.” 可知，他想知道为什么威尔士的蔬菜比家乡的蔬菜更好吃故选C项。A.fresher更新鲜的；B.bigger更大的；C.cheaper更便宜的；D.heavier“Itcamefromlocalfarms31andwasnottreatedwithchemicals."A项。A.graduallyB.suddenly突然地；C.directly直接地；D.occasionally“thefoodheateinWaleswasbetterthanthefoodheateathome.C项。oA.old旧的；B.new新的；C.strange陌生的；D.ordinary普通的。根据上“changethe ofhislife”可,表B项。A.difficulty困难；B.habit习惯；C.jobD.change"professiov可知，这将是他未来的工作。故选C项。A.shocked震惊的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.confused困惑的；D.happy“helpingothersandbeinginnaturenow."ZachariahD项。Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannext我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。（行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）非限制性定语从句注意事项whyforwhichwhyIhadtoldthemanagerthereason,forwhichIdidn'tattendthe此我没有去开会。IhadtoldthemanagerthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthe我告诉了经理我不去开会的理由。（限制性性定语从句）非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as比较灵活，可以放主句前，句中，也可以放主句后。Asyouexpected,hedidn'tbelieveHeheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughthisheartintohismouth.他听到一个可怕的声音，这让他的心都提到嗓子眼了。which或Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhismotherwasangry.他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他母亲对此很生气。练习题：填写恰当的关系词11.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberof因素）,mostof beyondourcontrol.11.TheywillflytoWashington, theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival, wasbeyondhiswildestdream.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherwantedtobuyit.Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcases beginnersofEnglishfailtousetheproperly.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse roofisunderrepair.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from effectsthepeoplestillsuffering.Jimpassedthedrivingtest, surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingfortheheshouldabletobeindependent.—HaveyoueverseentheTVprogramRunningMan?—Yes.It'sthebestprogram Ihaveseeninthepastfewmonths.【答案】11.which12.where13.which14.whom15.where/inwhich16. whose17.whose18.which19.when20.that【解析】11.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：植物的生长速度受多种因素的影响，其中大多数因素超出了我们的控制。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的 factors是先行词，在定语从中作of的宾语，指物要用which,故填whicho考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：他们将飞往华盛顿，计划在那里停留两三天。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的 Washington是先行词，在从句中作状语，表示地点要用 where,填where0考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他的电影在电影节上获得了好几个奖项，这是他难以想象的。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，本空格指代前面的一个句子“他的电影在电影节上获得了好几个奖项”这件事，修饰前面的一整个句子可用which,故填whichotwopeople,neitherofwhom。考查定语从句的关系词。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用该语言的情形。分析句子可知，句中的先行词为 anumberofcases,在定语从句中作状语，作为抽象的地可用where,也可用inwhich,故填where/inwhicho考查定语从句的关系词。句意：小心！不要离正在维修的房子的屋顶太近。分析句子可知，thehouse,thehouseroofwhose0考查定语从句的关系词。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受了洪水袭击，现在人们仍在受洪水的影响。分析句子可知，句中的 flood是先行词，在从句中作 effects的定语，作定语要whose,故填whoseo考查定语从句的关系词。句意：吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这让办公室里的每个人都感到惊讶。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的“吉姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事，指代前面的整个句子要用whichothetimewhen。thebestprogrambest,that,that。寒假集训。经典集训Theyaskedaboutthethingsandteachers theystillrememberedintheschool.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding standsnearthepostoffice?Doyouworknearthebuilding colourisyellow?Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery, Ithinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.。巩固集训

单词默背ThisTVseriesis （针对）speciallyatteenagersaged13to18.Themanagergotpromotedashecompletedtheprojectwellwithin （预算）.Largeaudienceswere （I）tothefilm"TheWanderingEarth”,whichturnedoutabox-officehit.ItwasaclosegameinwhichtheKangaroos （才丁平）withtheEaglesinthefirstfinal.Whattimewoulditbe （方便的）formetocomeovertopickyouupforthemeeting?A$1,500 （奖金）hasbeenofferedforthereturnofthenecklace.Theyshouldhavepaidmoreattentionto （质量）.Thearmyorganizedteamstob thedead.Thewholecitylayin （废墟）aftertheearthquake.10.1agreethatthebookiswell

（值得的）reading.阅读理解Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic（全景的）viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchbreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas, afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesun andreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustpictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn'twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausewomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho"ruined"it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured （捕捉andfrozenonsomestranger'sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon'tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized（）.Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers'spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingisgreaterthanus.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?Hercamerastoppedworking.Awomanblockedherview.Someoneaskedhertoleave.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably .enjoyingherselflosingherpatiencewaitingforthesunsetthinkingaboutherpastIntheauthor'sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?Therichcolorofthelandscape.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.Thewoman'sexistenceinthephoto.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand .theneedtobeclosetonaturetheimportanceofprivatespacethejoyofthevacationinItalythesharedpassionforbeauty七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Living with an animal is like living with a human friend. Here are some suggestions for a owner.Be calm.Try to alwaysbe calmwhen dealing with your pets, whatever they've done. If upsetatthem,takeamomenttocalmyourselfdownfirst. 15 Alsomakeyourmovementsgentleandslow.Betheboss. 16 Setasidetimetopracticetheseruleswithyourpeteachday.Ifyourbreaksarule,usebodylanguagetoletthemknowitisnotokay. 17 Justbeinthesameroomwiththem.Letthembenearyouwhileyoumakedinner,watchTV or read a book. The moreyou're around one another,the betterchances you have of friends.Never use violent actions or language. If your pet does something you disagree with, physicallyhurtthemorscreamatthem. 18 However,whatyoureallywantisnottheirfearbutlove.Seetheworldthroughyourpet'seyes.Beempathetic（设身处土也白勺）whendealingwithyourYoudon'tknowwhat'sgoingoninitsmind.Soit'sbesttotrytoreaditsbodylanguageandimaginewhatitmustbegoingthrough.19Bepatient.Setrulesandsticktothem.Staywithyourpetsoften.Hurtingthemwillmakethemlikelytofear.Inthesewaysyoucantreatitaswellaspossible.Takingadeepbreathisausefulwaytokeepcalm.Bodylanguageisdifferentdependingontheanimals.完形填空ThegardenthatSijoZachariahandhisfatherplantedmadesuretheirfamilyhadfoodtoeat.Butalsohelpedtheir 20 andwaslikelytochangethe 21 ofhislife.Withthepandemic（疫'清）22 ,foodstoresintheareawerenearly 23 .Placesthatsoldplantsforgardeningwereclosed.Peoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.SoZachariahandhisfather24seedsfromwhateverfruitsandvegetablestheycouldfindtoplantonthe 25oftheahoftes2ntrtintould help 28 20 other intheircommunity.Zachariahcametolearnthatfarmingshouldworkwithnatureinsteadoftryingtocontroltheland.Inthepast,ZachariahworkedinWalesinBritainasanteacher.He 29 whythefoodheateinWaleswasbetterthanthefoodheateathome.Zachariahrealizedthatthefoodwas 30 .camefromlocalfarms 31 andwasnottreatedwithchemicals.Zachariahisnowconsideringa(n) 32 profes