2020届高三一模英语试卷附答案

JPJP•秘密★启用前试卷类型：B2020届高三年级阶段训练题英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型B）。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMamaandIspendmorningscleaningupthedirtthatblowsintoourhouse.Mamasaysallthedustisduetothedrought.Thedirtsiftsintoeverything.Itcoversourclothes.Wehavetowashthedishesbeforeeachmeal.WerarelydrivethetruckbecausePapafearsthedustfromtheroadwillruinthemotor.Whenmysister,Faye,andIwalktoschool,wewearkerchiefsoverourmouthssowedon'tbreatheinthedirt.Ondayswhentheairissobadthattheyclosetheschool,westayhomeandhelpMamaputwetsheetsoverthewindows.Butthedirtalwaysfindsawayin.LastSunday,therewasnodirtintheair,onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Afterlunch,PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileIplayedwithFayeintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped.Ilookedtothewestandsawahugeblackcloudofdust.Allthebirdsflewaway.“ImustwarnPapa,”Ithoughttomyself.Toavoidherpanicking,IgentlytoldFayetogobackinsidewhereshewouldbesafe,andthenheadedofftothefield.Thestormhitsofast,andinaninstantthedayturnedintonight.BythetimeIenteredthecowfieldthefinesandwaswhippingacrossmyface.IscreamedforPapa,hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyskinlikeathousandbees.AlthoughIwasterrified,Irefusedtoturnback.Mydadwasstrandedandneededmyhelp.Coveringmyfacewithonehand,Igropedmywaytowardthetruckandopenedthedoor.FirstItriedturningthetruck'slightsonandoff,hopingthatPapawouldseethemflashing,butthesandstormletnolightescape.ThenIpushedthehornagainandagain,soPapawouldhearit.IpusheduntilIhadnomorestrengthinmyarms.Suddenly,Papa'sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartleapedwithsurpriseandrelief.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hethenpulledmeintohisarmsandsaid,“Oh,Iris,yousavedme!”Finally,thewindsubsidedandthedustbegantosettle.Dirtwaspileduptothewindowononesideofthetruckandhalfwayupthedoorontheother.Papakickedagainstthedoor,openingitfarenoughtoletusout.Sandandsoildriftswereeverywhere,butweweresafe.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirsttwoparagraphs?Itdescribesaproblemthecharactersmustsolve.Itestablishesthesettingwherethestorytakesplace.Itintroducesthecharactersthatwillfollowinthestory.Itexplainsthemotivationsforthecharacters'lateractions.WhydidPapagotothefieldthatSunday?Hewastryingtogettohistruck.Heneededtopreparethefieldforharvest.Hewantedtomakesuretheanimalswerefine.Heplannedtobringinthecattlebeforethestorm.HowdidIrissaveherfather?Bywarninghimtorunaway.Byturningonthetruck'slights.Byguidinghimtowardstheshelter.Byscreaminghisnameatthetopofhervoice.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeIris?Braveandcalm.Experiencedandconfident.Adventurousandcareful.Fearlessandsympathetic.

&AMXIESANDTHEUNIVERSEGalaxiesorehugegroupingsofwtcir邑plonets.gos,andduit.OursuntsirttheMILKYWAYjalaxyPwhichmeasuresabout100,000Jijkit-yenrsacrcij.ThatlongthinmilkybrightshtipeacrossthemiddleofthenightskyismadEupofnboutsevaralbillionstiirsinourgafaxy.Ourgalaxyisaspiral的)goloxy.butthereareethertypes.gafaxy.Ourgalaxyisaspiral的)goloxy.butthereareethertypes.日円坏咤flftwhu.kujlr£cliaclLIlpiaaaLu^da[■此awrfsnchwithhixg江pfIpiUigbtspfstars)-丿SPIRALSAL^XY；gaJaxissthathavespiralorrngthaternergefromthetenter.OurEolarsystfirtiimracatedononecfthearmsoftheMiikyWaygalaxy.Ourgalaxyhasahugebldtkholeatitmcenterthatbilfionsofstarsrevolvearound.ELLIPTICAL&AL4XV：shapedlikeohugeegg.Theitarsinthesegalaxiestendtobsveryold.Furthtrmore.theoldsrorsindliprkalf+&ndtobeyellowanUreddish,whichaccordingundersTandingofsreNorevolution,ineonstheyoresmolier,dimmerstars.IRRE&ULARGALAXY；TherearemanyothershapesofgaJaxi&sthatoren'tspiralDr

eNipricaLTheyalFfirfntorh£irregulnrcategory.LiketheLnr^aandSmallMd^ellankClouds,TheyHoveratharunusudl-ldakjngfhepes.WhatistrueabouttheMilkyWay?Thereareonlystarsinsideit.Thereisablackholeatitscenter.It'sthebiggestspiralgalaxyintheuniverse.Ittakes100,000yearstogettherefromEarth.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfactorincategorizinggalaxies?Shape.B.Size.C.Numberofstars.D.Distancefromthesun.Whichofthefollowinggalaxiescanbeclassifiedasirregular?WhaleGalaxy—similartotheMilkyWaybothinsizeandshape.CygnusA(3C405)Galaxy—thebrightesteggshapewecanobserve.CigarGalaxy—longandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.SunflowerGalaxy—galaxywithmultiplearmsradiatingfromitsbrightcore.TheSilkRoadisarguablythemostfamouslong-distancetraderouteoftheancientworld.ThispassageconnectedEuropeintheWestwithChinaintheEast,andallowedtheexchangeofgoods,technology,andideasbetweenthetwocivilizations.Althoughmerchantscouldmakehugeprofitstravellingtheroad,itwasnotwithoutrisk.ThemainSilkRoadstartedinChang'an(knowntodayasXi'an),theearlyHancapital.TravelerscommencingtheirjourneyfromthiscitycouldtakeanorthernroutethatwouldtakethemacrossChina'snorthwesternprovinces.Afterthis,theywouldfacetheGobiDesert,arguablythegreatestdangeroftheSilkRoad.TheGobiDesert,thelargestdesertinAsia,consistsmainlyofrocky,hardearth.Thisfeaturemadeiteasierfortraderstotravelacross,comparedtosandydesertsliketheneighboringTaklamakanDesert.Likeotherdeserts,theGobiDesertisdryandhot,andthereforethebiggestchallengetravelersfacedwasobtainingenoughwaterforthemselvesaswellasfortheircamels.So,reststopswerecreatedalongtheroute,allowingtravelerstorest,eatanddrink.Theseplacesalsopromotedtheexchangeofgoods,andevenideas,amongstthetravelerswhostoppedthere.Usually,thereststopswereplacedwithinaday'sjourneyofeachother.Inthisway,travelerscouldavoidspendingtoomuchtimeinthedesert,whichwouldmakethemtargetsforrobbers,anotherdangeroftheSilkRoad.OncethroughtheGobiDesert,travelerswouldcontinuetheirjourneyintoIran,Turkey,andfinallyEurope.Whilstthispartofthejourneymayhavebeenlessdangerous,itisnotentirelywithoutitsperils.Theunderlinedword“it"inthefirstparagraphreferstomakinghugeprofitstravelingtheSilkRoadexchanginggoodsandideasconnectingdifferentcivilizationsWhywastheGobiDeserteasiertocrossthanotherdeserts?Thedesert'ssurfacewaseasiertowalkon.Camelsfortransportationwereeasiertofind.Itwassmallerandcouldbecrossedinlesstime.Thereweremorenaturalwatersourcesavailable.

WhatcanweguessaboutthereststopsintheGobiDesert?Travelerswereofferedfreeaccommodation.Theywerelocatedaroundtheedgesofthedesert.Travelersstayingtherewereoftenattackedbycriminals.Theyweresharedbytravelersfromdifferentcountries.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?TheoriginsoftheSilkRoad.ThebenefitsoftheSilkRoad.ThedifficultiesfacedbySilkRoadtravelers.TheculturalexchangesamongSilkRoadtravelers.Let'sbeginwiththestory:KingHierocontractstheancientGreekpolymathArchimedes（阿todetectfraudinthemanufactureofagoldencrown.Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand,duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths,realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater,themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume.RealizinghehashituponamethodtodeterminewhethertheKing'scrownwasmadeofgoldorsilver,theyoungGreekleapsoutofthebathandrusheshomenakedcrying“Eureka!Eureka!”Or,translated:“I'vefoundit!I'vefoundit!”Toobad,however,Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthephraseinthatway.Firstandforemost,Archimedeshimselfneverwroteaboutthisepisode,althoughhespentplentyoftimedetailingthelawsofbuoyancy（浮力）.Theoldestauthorityforthenaked-ArchimedeseurekastoryisVitruvius,aRomanwriter,whoincludedthetaleinhisintroductiontohisninthbookofarchitecture.“Vitruviusmayhavegottenitwrong,”saysChrisSchmitt,amathematicianattheUniversityofBerlinandaself-describedArchimedesfan.“ThemethodattributedtoArchimedesinthestoryworksintheorysoitsoundsright,butwhenyouactuallytryit,youfindthattherealworldgetsintheway.”Infact,Schmittisoneofalonglineofscientists,includingGalileo,whohavereadtheaccountandthought,“Thatcan'tberight.”AsGalileowrote,Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.Infact,thesurfacetensionofwatercanmakethevolumeofalightobjectlikeacrownimmeasurable.“Theremaybesometruthtoit,”Schmittadds.“Archimedesdidmeasurethevolumeofthingsbuttheeurekamomentwasmaybeduetohisoriginaldiscoveryconcerningbuoyance,nottosittinginthebathtubandthenrunningthroughthestreetsnaked.”MuchlikeNewton'sapple,theexclamationpersistsbecauseoftheenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown,alifeinthebalance,anakedmathematician.Thesuspectfoundationsoftheeurekamomenttakenothingawayfromtheword'sabilitytouniquelyandconciselyconveytheflashofinspiration.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howwouldArchimedesmeasurethevolumeofthecrown?Hewouldweighhimselfwithandwithoutthecrown.Hewouldweighthecrownfirstandthenputitintowater.Hewouldgotothepublicbathswearingthecrownonhishead.Hewouldsinkthecrownintowaterandmeasurethewaterdisplaced.WhatdidGalileoprobablythinkofthenaked-Archimedeseurekastory?Hebelievedtheword“eureka”wassaidinanothersituation.HesuspectedArchimedesdidn'trunthroughthestreetnaked.HedoubtedArchimedescarriedouttheexperimentindependently.HethoughtArchimedeswouldnothaveusedthemethoddescribed.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?Theword“eureka”isstillwidelyusedtoday.Theword“eureka”isnowaformalscientificterm.Mostpeopleaccepttheauthenticityoftheoriginalstory.PeoplearestillinspiredbytheachievementsofArchimedes.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?TointroducethefamousscientistArchimedes.Toexaminethecredibilityoftheeurekastory.Toexplainhowtheword“eureka”wascreated.Tourgepeoplenottousetheword“eureka”anymore.第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LeonardodaVinciandNatureInthemodernworld,artandsciencearetwoveryseparateactivities,butinLeonardo'stimetheywerecloselyconnected.Sciencemeantmathematicsandmedicalstudies.36Mathematicsincludedpracticalworklikesurveyinglandformakingmapsaswellasmeasuringthemovementsofthestarsinthesky.Anartistmightneedtomeasurethedifferentpartsofthebody.Hecouldalsousemathematicstoplacethingsinrelationshiptoeachotherinadrawingorpaintingsothescenelookedcorrect.37Mathematicswasalsoconnectedtomusicbecausemusicalsoundshaveafixedrelationshipwitheachotherthatcanbedescribedinnumbers.38Morethanthis,though,Leonardobelievedthatnumberswereapartofallthingsintheworld,includingmusic,andhesaidthat“withoutthemnothingcanbedone.”“Naturehaskindlygivenusthingseverywheretocopy,”wroteLeonardo.Inallhisactivities,Leonardowastryingtodiscovertherulesthatcontrolnature.Inhissearchforthoserules,helookedverycarefullyatalotofexamplesanddetails.Actualexperiencewasmoreimportanttohimthanopinion,andheworkedfromfactstoideas.39Hispurposewastoexaminetheworldsohecouldcopyitinbeautifulpaintingsandsculptures.Healsowantedtolearnfromthecleversolutionsofnature.40Hisquicklittlesketches,oftendonewhilewanderingoutside,helpedhimtocatchamovementorashape.Morecarefuldrawingswouldbedoneatadeskwithapenandruler.InJuly2001,asmalldrawingbyLeonardowassoldfor$12million.Itwasthemostexpensivedrawingintheworld.Leonardowasalwaysdrawing.Howcouldthesebeconnectedwithart?Leonardo'sideaswerevastlyaheadofhistime.Mathematiciansanddoctorsworkedtodiscovertheunknown.Aboveall,Leonardowantedtounderstandhowandwhythingsworked.YouwillseeagoodexampleofsuchpositioninginthepaintingofTheLastSupp.erLeonardohimselfwasaverygoodmusicianandlikedtoplayaninstrumentandsing.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Throughoutmylife,Iwasneververyathletic.Iwasn'treallyinto41,sportsorconflict.Theonly42Ienjoyedwere43thingslikewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.ItwasduringmyjunioryearinhighschoolthatIrealizedIneededa44.Myfriendswerejoiningthelongdistancerunningcluband45metodoitalso.Atmyschool,therewerenoqualification46;everystudentwasaccepted.Aseveryonegatheredaroundonthefirstdayofpractice,the47announceditwastimefor“warm-up".Iimaginedthewarm-upwouldbea48jogaroundthe400-metretrack.Isoon49itwasa1-kmrun.Aftercompletingtherun,Iwas50!Iwondered,“Ifthat'swarm-up,what'snext?"The51workoutforthedaywasa5-kmrun,whichImostlywalked.WhenIcamehome,Ireallyconsidered52.However,I53myselftokeepatitandtryharder.Ofcourse,therewasnorealimprovement54.Ialwayscameinlastduringpracticeandthefirstfew55.Asdaysandweekswenton,Ireallytriedmybest.Duringpractice,Iwouldalwayskeepatthe56ofthegroup;thefastest,more57runnerswerealwaysahead,whilethelaziestwerebehind.Astheresultofmy58,warm-upbecamearealwarm-up.The5kmrunstransformedintoan59dayofpractice.AndIwasnolongerlastinanythingwedid.Foraformercouchpotato,likeme,thiswasa(n)60.41.A.rulesB.artsC.competitionD.schoolwork42.A.proceduresB.activitiesC.lessonsD.programs43.A.endlessB.pointlessC.importantD.challenging44.A.changeB.restC.teamD.result45.A.accompaniedB.assistedC.requiredD.invited46.A.trialsB.alternativesC.opportunitiesD.reasons47.A.competitorB.coachC.reporterD.referee48.A.hardB.boringC.practicalD.casual49.A.decidedB.suspectedC.realizedD.agreed50.A.sentoffB.takenawayC.turneddownD.wornout51.A.realB.bestC.expectedD.fun52.A.complainingB.quittingC.cryingD.refreshing53.A.convincedB.taughtC.sentD.helped54.A.actuallyB.graduallyC.separatelyD.instantly55.A.performancesB.presentationsC.racesD.steps56.A.middleB.topC.frontD.bottom57.A.popularB.confidentC.seriousD.relaxed58.A.inspirationB.determinationC.loyaltyD.contribution59.A.unimaginableB.avoidableC.easyD.optional60.A.exceptionB.exampleC.promotionD.success

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thenovelcoronavirus,nowofficiallynamedCovid-19,isanew61(ill)andscientistsarestillstudyingthebestwaystocontrolit.DefeatingCovid-19,62,isnotonlythejobofscientistsanddoctors.Peoplehaveanimportantroletoplayinthebattle.Thebestwaytohelppreventthevirus63(spread)isbyprotectingyourselfandstayinghealthy.ScientistsarenowsurethatCovid-19ispassedbetweenpeoplethroughcoughingandsneezing.Thevirustravelsthroughtheairandcanbebreathedinbypeoplenearby.Itmayalsoland64surfacessuchastablesandchairs.Ifthesesurfaces65(touch),thevirusmaybeonyourhands.Touchingyoureyesormouthwith66(wash)handscanletthevirusenteryourbody.67(protect)yourselfandothers,wearamaskatalltimeswhenoutinpublic.ThisstopshealthypeoplefrombreathinginCovid-19and68(reduce)theamountofthevirusillpeoplesendintotheair.Mostimpor