2019高考英语阅读理解细节理解试题答案及解释

2019高考英语阅读理解细节理解试题答案及解释1、Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust反垄断［regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants（巨头）thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata）.Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies'controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God'seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger（兼并）,forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets资产）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon'twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?TheyhavecontrolledthedatamarketTheycollectenormousprivatedataTheynolongerprovidefreeservicesTheydismissedsomenew-borngiantsWhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?Datagiants'technologyisveryexpensiveGoogle'sideaispopularamongdatafirmsC.Datacanstrengthengiants'controllingpositionD.DatacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproductsBypayingattentiontofirms'dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould.killanewthreatavoidthesizetrapfavourbiggerfirmschargehigherpricesWhatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants'controlofdata?Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.2、ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinos,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997helpedAmerican'seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductiongovernmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidvictimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationrecoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstWhatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.3、WhileWeChatisChina'sbiggestmobilemessagingapp(应用软件),therearemanyequivalent(相当的)appsinothercountriesthatoffersimilarfeatures(特征).WhatsApp(US)Users:morethan300millionPlatforms:Android,10S,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryFeatures:Textchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharingWithmorethan300millionactiveusers,WhatsAppisoneofWeChat'sbiggestcompetitors.Developedbytwoex-Yahoo!employeesin2009,WhatsApporiginallyfocusedontextchat,butonAug6italsostartedpush-to-talkservice.It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.Theserviceisfreeforthefirstyear,afterwhich$0.99(6.06yuan)ischargedforone-yearsubscription.KakaoTalk(SouthKorea)Users:morethan100millionPlatforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandBada(anoperateingsystemdevelopedbySamsung)Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,groupcalls,filesharingWithmorethan100millionusersinmorethan230countries,KakaoTalkisamulti-platform(多平台)textingapplicationthatallowsuserstosendandreceivemessagesforfree.WithKakaoTalk,userscanmessageeachotherone-ononeoringroupchatswithunlimitednumbersoffriends.Youcanalsochoosefrommorethan250animatedemoticons(表情符号)andsharethemwithfriends.Line(Japan)Users:morethan200millionPlatforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandPCFeatures:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing,gaming,stickers.Linetopsthelistofthemostdownloadedfreeappsin52countries.Apartfromtextandvoicemessaging,Lineprovidesitsuserswithmorethan250originalstickersandemoticonstobuyfromitsownshop.Inthefirstquarterof2013alone.itmade$,7millionjustfromstickers.ThepopularappalsoallowsfriendstobattleeachotherintheLINEGame.TroducethemostpopularmobilemessagingappsinChinatalkaboutnewfeaturesinthelatestmobilemessagingappsdrawreaders'attentiontovariouspopularmobilemessagingappsexplainhowmobilemessagingappshavebecomesopopularComparedwiththeothertwoapps,whichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesLinestandout?Groupmobilegames.Freestickersandemoticons.Freedownloadoftheapp.Textandgroupchat.3.OneofthepopularfeaturesofWhatsAppisthatusers.cansendandreceivemessagesforfreecanenjoylivevideochatswithingroupsdon'tneedtoworryaboutunwantedadsregularlysetfreestickersandemoticons4、DuringthepastSpringFestival,manychildrenmayhavereceivedredpacketsfromtheirfamilies.ButXingPu,a40-year-oldeconomist,isaskingthegovernmenttogiveredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizen.Xingsuggestedthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesesincethegovernmentincomehasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption（消费）aroundthecountry.Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor（扶贫）andpro-rural（惠农）policies（政策）,includingincreasingspendingonpublichealth-careandcuttingdowntheagriculturaltax.Butthelower-incomegroupstillneedsmorehelp.XingsaidhehasborrowedmanyideasfrompracticesincountriesliketheUnitedStatesandSingapore.Earlierthisyear,thegovernmentsofthetwonationsofferedcashhandouts（救济）totheircitizens.AsforinChina,“Wecanevenencouragetherichtodonatetheir1,000yuanredpackettothepoor,”saidXing.AlthoughXing'ssuggestionhasgainedwidesupportamongordinaryChineseontheInternet,manyothereconomistscriticizeditasunpractical.“Tobetterusetheincreaseofmoney,handingoutmoneyisnotasolutionthatholdsgoodforalltime.Itcouldbebettertoimprovethepublicserviceorcutthepriceofenergyuseindailylife,”saidQiaoXinsheng,aneconomicprofessor.XingPusuggestedthatthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesebecause.thepoorshouldgethelpfromtherichthegovernmentshouldhelptherichthegrowingeconomicpieshouldbesharedamongthepeoplethegovernmentdoesn'tknowhowtousethemoneyWhathasthegovernmentdonetohelpthelower-incomegroup?Spendinglessonpublichealthcare.Increasingtheagriculturaltax.HandingoutmoneytoeveryChinese.Carryingoutpro-poorandpro-ruralpolicies.XingPu'sideasofgivingredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizenmainlycamefrom.childrenreceivingredpacketsfromtheirfamiliestheUSandSingaporegovernmentsofferingcashhandoutstotheircitizensthegovernment'sincreasingspendingonpublichealthcaretherisingpricesinthecountryAccordingtoQiaoXinsheng,whatisbetterthangivingoutmoney?Supplyingfoodtoeveryoneeveryday.Cuttingthepriceofenergyuseindailylife.Controllingtherisingofprices.Increasingthegovernmentincome.5、Rockmusicinoneformoranotheristhemostpopulartypeofmusicallovertheworld.Butwherediditcomefrom?RockbeganintheUSAintheearly1950s.Atthattime,“rhythmandblue”musicwasverypopularwithblackAmericans.“R&B”wasamixtureofblackreligiousmusicandjazz.Ithadstrongrhythmsthatyoucoulddancetoandsimple,fastwords.NoticingthesuccessofR&Bmusic,whitemusiciansstartedtocopythesamestyle.Bythemid-1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock'n'roll,hadbecomeverypopular.SingerslikeElvisPresleyandBillHaleyattractedmillionsofteenagefans.Theirmusicwasfastandloud.Manyolderpeoplethoughtthatrock'n'rollwasverydangerous.Bytheearly1960s,evenrock'n'rollhadbecomeold-fashioned.Manyofthesongshadbeguntosoundthesame.ItwasatthattimethatanewgroupfromEnglandbecamepopular—theBeatles.TheBeatlesfirststartedbysingingAmericanstylesongs,buttheysoondevelopedtheirownstyle,withmorecomplicatedtunes.Theyalsointroduceddifferentinstruments.GroupsliketheBeatleshadaveryimportantinfluenceonthestyleofpopularmusic.Bytheearly1970s,rock'n'rollhaddevelopedintoanewformofmusic.Electronicshadreplacedtheamplifiedguitarsanddrumsofrock'n'roll.“Rock”hadarrived.Rockmusichadcontinuedtochangeanddevelop.Ithadcombinedwithmusicfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Today,therearehundredsofdifferenttypesofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrock.Whenhadrock'n'rollbecomeverypopular?Bythemid-1950s.Bytheearly1960s.Bythemid-1960s.Bytheearly1970s.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheBeatles?ItwasnotanAmericangroup.Thisgrouphadtheirownstyle.ThisgroupmadeAmericanstylesongspopular.Thestyleofpopularmusichadbeeninfluencedbythisgroup.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatElvisPresleyandBillHaley.A.weresingersof“R&B”weresingersinthemid-1950sweremembersoftheBeatleswerepopularwitholdpeople4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?PopularMusicTheHistoryofRockMusicDifferentFormsofMusicinAmericaTheBeatles6、Iwasreadingtheseinterestingstoriesbehindagroupofgreatlogosintheworld.PersonallyNikeismyfavoriteone—it'ssosimple.AndIlikedthestoriesbehindthem,whichmademeforgetallotherthings.McDonald's,Apple,MercedesBenzandAdidasowngreatlogosaswell,andtheyareamongmyfavorites.NikeIntheGreekmyth,Nikeisthegoddessofvictoryandthesourceofinspirationforsoldiers.ThislogorepresentsthewinginthefamousstatueoftheGreekgoddess.Nike'slogowasdesignedbyCarolynDavidsonin1971for$35,andwasregisteredasatrademarkin1995.McDonald'sThelogowasdesignedin1962byJimSchindlertoresemblethearchshaped（拱形的）signsonthesideofthecompany'sthenwalk-uphamburgerstand.Lateron,thetwogoldenarcheswerecombinedtogethertoformtheM.TheMcDonald'snamewasaddedtothelogoin1968.AppleTherearedifferentstoriesbehindApple'slogo.ThefirstlogowasareferencetothereligiousstoryofAdamandEve,inwhichtheapplerepresentedthefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Oneyearlater,thesecondlogowasdesignedin1977byStevenJobsandRonaldWayne,anditdescribedSirIsaacNewtonsittingunderanappletree.Thislogodidn'tstaylong.OneyearlateritwasreplacedalmostimmediatelybygraphicdesignerRobJanoff's“rainbowapple”,arainbow-coloredsilhouette（轮廓）ofanapplewithabitetakenoutofit.Andthentherainbow-coloredapplewasreplacedbytheone-coloredlogoin1998.Ithasnotbeenchangedsofar.MercedesBenzTheMercedesBenzlogo,whichwasoriginallycreatedbyGottliebDaimlerin1909,consistsofasimpledescriptionofathree-pointedstarthatrepresentsitsruleoftheland,theseaandtheair.ThecompanywasfoundedbyGottliebDaimlerandWilhelmMaybach.MercedesisthenameofMaybach'selderdaughter,whileBenzcameasaresultofacombinationwithBenz,Cie.andDMGin1926.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestoriesofthegreatlogos?Theyareboring.TheyareattractiveTheyareoutofdate.TheyarepracticalWhatdoesNike'slogostandfor?ThegoddessofvictoryThesourceofinspirationforsoldiersThewingoftheGreekgoddessThestatueoftheGreekgoddessWecanlearnthatApple'spresentlogois.A.thereligiousstoryofAdamandEveB.Newton'ssittingunderanappletreeabittenapplewithonlyonecolortherainbow-coloredbittenapple4.Whichofthefollowingtimeordersdescribesthebirthsofthegreatlogos?Nike-McDonald's一Apple一MercedesBenz.MercedesBenz一McDonald's一Nike一Apple.MercedesBenz一Apple一Nike-McDonald's.Nike-MercedesBenz-McDonald's一Apple.答案以及解析答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理判断题，根据第二段第一句中的“Suchsituation"可知答案在第一段，第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场，故答案为A项。2•细节理解题•根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。3•细节理解题.根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。4•推理判断题•根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会，故选D项。答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ElNinoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故D正确。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNino,onbalance,thantheylose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。接着在第三句中列举了1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。故C项正确。推理判断题。根据第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.根据ODI的观点,为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。故A项正确。目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响,并告诉我们的政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。再根据最后一句'SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority."各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。也就是要事先做好准备。故D项正确。答案及解析：答案：l.C;2.A;3.C解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知,第一段在文章中起导入作用,以引起读者对各种移动交流应用软件的关注，故选C项。细节理解题。根据文章对三个不同移动交流应用软件特色的介绍可矢耳日本的Line有gaming和stickers这两个特别的功能,结合选项可知，故选A项。细节理解题。根据WhatsApp（US）部分的It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.可知,WhatsApp受人欢迎的特点就是没有广告。故选C。答案及解析：答案：l.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.细节题。根据Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption（肖费）aroundthecountry.可知XingPu建议政府给每个中国人发1000元是因为经济增长的果实应该大家分享。细节题。根据Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor扶贫）andpro-rural（惠农）policies,includingincreasingspendingonpublichealthcareandcallingofftheagriculturaltax可知政府通过执行扶贫政策来帮助低收入群体。细节题。根据Xingsaidwhilemakingthedraft,hehasborrowedmanyide