外研版高中英语选修六 1-6单元知识点归纳

外研版高中英语选修六1-6单元知识点归纳Module1【词条1】lack【点拨】lack动词，意为"缺乏，没有"。如：Heisgoodathisjobbutheseemstolackconfidence.Whathelacksinexperiencehemakesupforinenthusiasm.【拓展】lack的常用短语有:belacking"欠缺,缺乏";belackingin"缺乏(某种品质、特点等)";lack(for)nothing"应有尽有"。如：Moneyfortheprojectisstilllacking.Ithinkthefilmislackinginpace.Theyhavegoteverythingreadyandtheylackfornothing.lack还可作名词，常与of连用，意为"缺乏，没有"。forlackof"因为缺乏”。如:Theworkhadtobestoppedforlackoffunds.Theflowerswitheredforlackofwater.【词条2】reply【点拨】名词，意为"回答，答复"，常与介词to连用。如：IsitareplytothefirstorthesecondletterTomyanger，shemadenoreplytomyquestion.其常用在短语inreplyto中，意为"作为对的回答，回复"。如：Whatdidhedoinreplytoyourchallenge【拓展】reply也可作动词，意为"回答，答复",reply(to.../that...)。如:Theteachergavemenochancetoreplytoherquestion.Lilyrepliedthatsheknewnothingaboutit.【词条3】apology【点拨】apology名词，意为"道歉，歉意”,常用于短语：offer/makeanapologytosb."向某人道歉",acceptanapology"接受道歉”。如：It'simpoliteofyoutoleavewithoutawordofapology.Inmyjudgment，weshouldaccepttheirapology.You'dbettermakeanapologyforyourabsence.【拓展】其动词形式为apologize，意为"道歉，表示歉意"，常用短语为：apologizetosb.(forsth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉”。如：Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyouthatday.IthinkTommighthaveapologizedtoJaneforwhathedid.经典短语透视【短语1】thinkof【点拨】thinkof可意为"想起，想出"。如:Thephotomademethinkofmychild-hood.ItwasTomwhothoughtofthegoodplan.【拓展】think的其他常用短语：thinkhighly/muchof重视,高度赞扬。如:AlltheteachersthinkhighlyofJohnbecauseheisverysmartandkind.thinkabout考虑。如：Iwasthinkingaboutsomethingelseandmissedyourwords.thinkover仔细考虑。如：Pleasethinktheplanoverandletmeknowyourdecisiontomorrow.【短语2】inaddition【点拨】inaddition意为"另外,此外"。如：IwritemyownsongsandIplaytheguitarinaddition.Youneedmoneyandtime.Inaddition,youneeddiligence.【拓展】inadditionto除之外（还有）,to为介词，后接名词或动词-ing形式。如:HisbrothercanspeakthreeforeignlanguagesinadditiontoEnglish.besides也意为"除之外（还有）"。如：Theplaywasbadlyacted,besidesbeingfartoolong.【短语3】leaveout【点拨】leaveout意为"省去，删去”。如：InWesterncountries,peopleusuallyleaveoutNo.13asthenumberisthoughtunlucky.Youcanleaveouttheunnecessarywordswhenwritingdownthenotes.【拓展】leaveout还可意为"漏掉，遗漏”。如：Decidewithyoupartnerwhichwordshavebeenleftout.与leave相关的常用短语:leavebehind遗留，留下Itleftbehindalongtrainofproblemsanddifficulties.leaveover剩余，暂不解决Weshallhavetoleavethequestionovertillthenextmeeting.leavealone别管，不理会IfIwereyou,I'dleavethisquestionalone.【短语4】showoff【点拨】showoff意为"炫耀”。如：Thoseboysalwaysshowofftheirsportsskillstothegirls.Hisbrotherlikestoshowoffhisknowledgeinpublic.【拓展】与show相关的常用短语：showsb.around领某人参观Theheadmastershowedusaroundtheschool.showup出席，到场Thepartyisabouttobegin,butMr.Wanghasn'tshownup.热点语法聚焦didn'tneedtodo和needn'thavedone都有"过去不必做某事"的意思,但是didn'tneedto表示"过去没有必要做某事,事实上也没做”；needn'thavedone表示"过去本来不必做某事,实际上却做了"。如:Ididn'tneedtotakeataxifromtheair-port—therewasabusallthewayintothecity.Ineedn'thavebookedinadvance;therewereplentyofticketsleft.此外,要注意need的其它用法：need可作实义动词，也可作情态动词。1•作实义动词时,need有人称和数的变化，后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等，否定式要在前面加don't(doesn't,didn't),疑问句用do(does,did)提问。如：Thecompanyneedssomegoodsalesmen.Hisbrokencarneedstoberepaired.=Hisbrokencarneedsrepairing.2•作情态动词时,need没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，否定式为needn't,常用在否定句和疑问句中。如：Youneedn'tworryabouthim.Heisverymaturenow.—NeedIstayanotherday一Yes,youmust.Module2【词条1】behave【点拨】behave用作不及物动词，意为"(举止或行为)表现"。如：Shehasbeenbehavingverypolitely.另外,behave还可意为"举止得体；守规矩"，常和反身代词连用。如：Can'tyoumakeyourlittlechildbehavehimself【拓展】well-/ill-/badly-behavedadj.表现得好的/不好的；behaviorn.行为，举止如：Heisthoughttobeawell-behavedchild.Shewasashamedofherchildren'sbadbehavior.【词条2】appeal【点拨】appeal可用作名词，意为"吸引力，感染力"。如：Filmsofthissorthavelosttheirappealforme.【拓展】appeal用作名词时,还可意为"呼吁,请求"。如：Hisappealforforgivenesswentunanswered.Anappealisbeingmadeforhelpforthosewholosttheirhomesintheearthquake.appeal还可用作动词，意为"引起兴趣；呼吁，请求"，常跟介词to连用。如：DoestheideaofworkingabroadappealtoyouThepoliceareappealingtothepublicforanyinformationaboutthis.【词条3】awake【点拨】awake可用作形容词，意为"醒着的"。如：Ihavelainawakeallnightthinkingovertheproblem.注意:awake是表语形容词，不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有asleep,alive，aware等。【拓展】awake（awoke,awoken）可作不及物动词，意为"醒来"，这时与wakeup意义相近；awake也可作及物动词，意为"唤醒，叫醒；唤起（记忆）；激起（情感）"。如:Iawaketotheringingofanelectricbelleveryday.Thethunderawokemelastnight.Hisfathertriedtoawakehimtoasenseofduty.Nothingcanawakeherinterestinfoot-ball.经典短语透视【短语1】aheadof【点拨】aheadof意为"在之前"。如：ThetimehereisninehoursaheadofLondon.Aheadofuswasanarrowandmuddyroad.【拓展】aheadof还可意为"胜过，优于；（数量、价格等）超过"。如：Inmanagement，ourcompanyiswellaheadoftheirs.Theirpayofferwaswellaheadofinflation.【短语2】holdout【点拨】holdout可意为"伸出，拿出"。如:WhenIarrived，Maryheldoutherhandinwelcome.【拓展】holdout还可意为"维持；坚持（抵抗）"。如:Wewereshortofwaterbutitcouldholdoutforanotherday.Theyheldoutagainsttheenemyfortwodaysandnights.Thetownwassurrounded，butthecitizensheldoutuntilhelpatlastcame.【短语3】putdown【点拨】putdown可意为"放下"。如:Putdownthatknifebeforeyouhurtsomebody!【拓展】putdown还可意为"写下，记下；镇压；消灭"。如:Putdownyournotesatthebottomofthepaper.Theuprisingwasputdownthreedayslater.can'tputsth.down爱不释手；不忍释卷。如:Itisaninterestingstoryandhecan'tputitdownuntilhehasfinishedreadingit.与put相关的常用短语:putout出版；生产；使熄灭，扑灭；putup树立；putoff推迟；putaside把搁在一边；putforward提出；putupwith容忍。如：Besuretoputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.Thebuildingwillbeputupinthecentreofthecampus.Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Heputasidehisworktospendmoretimewithhisfamily.Heputforwardaverygoodsuggestionatthemeeting.Icouldhardlyputupwiththechildanylonger.热点语法聚焦动词的-ing形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如:Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.（时间）Itrainedfortwoweeks,completelyruiningthecrops.（结果）Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youwillseethepostofficerightbeforeyou.条（件）Beingbusyandexhausted,hegaveusalotofhelp.（让步）WeChineseeatourfoodusingchopsticks.（方式）Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,theboyturnedtohisteacher.（原因）Laughingandtalkingloudly,welefttheparty.（伴随）【难点点拨】现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如:Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecangetafullviewofthecountry.（we与see之间是主动关系）现在分词作状语时，其前可加while,when,after,before,though,unless等连词,on,upon等介词或thus,completely等副词。如:Whiledoingtheexperiment,wediscoveredthenewchemical.Takethemedicinethreetimesadayafterhavingeachmeal.Onhearingthenews,sherushedouttheroom.Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.有时用"（with/without）+宾语+现在分词"结构作状语。如：Icouldn'tfocusmyattentionwiththatnoisegoingon.当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如：Weatherpermitting,thesportsmeetwillbeheldnextFriday.Module3【词条1】raise【点拨】vt.可意为"招募，筹措（金钱）"。如：Itvotedtoraise100,000troopsimmediately.HeaskedmetowritealeaflettoraisemoneyforHopeSchools.【拓展】raise还可意为"举起；增加,提高；提出；抚养,饲养；引起"。如：Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.Thebosshaspromisedtoraisetheirpay.Hewassoangryastoraisehisvoice.Thequestionwasraisedatthemeeting.Iwasraisedbymyauntonafarm.Thediscussionraisedourinterest.【辨析】raise&rise两者都可以表示"上升；增长"之意，不同的是raise是及物动词,rise是不及物动词。如：OnMondaymorning，wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflagandwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.【词条2】regret【点拨】regret可用作动词，意为"懊悔，惋惜；遗憾"，后接名词、代词、that从句、不定式、动名词等。如：Iregretmyrefusaltohisinvitation.IregretthatIcan'tattendtheparty.Weregrettoinformyouthatyoufailedagain.Wehavedeeplyregrettedsellingthefarm.注意:其后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会：IregrettotellyouthatIhavenonewsforyou.（遗憾要做某事）IregrettellingTomthetruth.（后悔做了某事）【拓展】regret也可作名词，意为"遗憾，后悔；歉意"。如:Wedecidedwithgreatregretthatwecouldn'tofferyoutheposition.feelnoregretat对……不感到遗憾muchtoone'sregret使某人非常遗憾的是expressone'sregretat对……表示遗憾【词条3】forgive【点拨】vt.&vi.意为"原谅，宽恕”,常用于结构forgivesb.forsth./doingsth.也可以接双宾语。如:Iwillneverforgiveyouforwhatyou'veeverdonetome.Eventually，sheforgavehimthebadbehavior.【拓展】forgivenessn.原谅，宽恕，饶恕forgivingadj.宽大的，仁慈的经典短语透视【短语1】keepintouch（with）【点拨】keepintouch（withsb.意为"（与某人）保持联系"，也可写作stay/beintouch（withsb.）。如：Thisismycard.Let'skeepintouch.I'vekeptintouchwithmostofmyclassmatesinthemiddleschool.【拓展】与touch相关的常见搭配还有:getintouchwith"与取得联系"；losetouchwith/beoutoftouchwith"与失去/没有联系"。如：WehavelosttouchwithJohnsincewemovedtoJapan.Writetomeasoftenasyoucan.Idon'twanttolosetouchwithyou.【短语2】knockover【点拨】knockover意为"撞倒，击倒"。如：Adrunkendriverknockedoverninepeople，causingfivedeaths.【拓展】与knock相关的短语还有:knockdown"打倒，推倒"；knockoff"停止，中断”；knockout"击败，击倒"。如：HeknockedTomdownwithoneblowofhisfist.Weknockedoffworkfortea.Ourteamwasknockedoutinthefirstpartofthecompetition.【短语3】makeup【点拨】makeup可意为"和好"。如：IfoundithardtomakeupwithJoanafterwequarreledaboutthebeautifulstamp.【拓展】makeup还有以下常用意思：Youshouldn'tbelievehim.Heismakingthewholethingup.（编造）Whoeverattendstheballissupposedtomakeup.（化妆）Youmustmakeuptheworkyoumissed.（补上）热点语法聚焦非谓语动词的完成式havingdone的用法非谓语动词的完成式havingdone表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其否定式为nothavingdone。如：Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher，hegaveupsmoking.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard，hefailedtheexaminations.分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如：Henevertalkedabouthishavingbeeninterviewedbythereporter.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.非谓语动词的-ing形式和todo形式的区别有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含义有所不同。如：forget,remember,regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如：Doyourememberseeingmebefore你记得以前见过我吗Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.离开时要记得锁门。动词mean,stop,try,goon等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。如：Imeantochangeitforanotherone.我想换成另外一个。Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。动词allow,advise,forbid,permit等可直接跟-ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：Pleasepermitmetosayafewwords.请允许我说几句话。Wedon'tpermitsmokinghere.我们这儿不允许吸烟。⑷动词need,require,want作"需要懈时,后面接-ing分词或不定式被动式。如：Theselittlechildrenrequirelookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.这些小孩需要细心地照料。(5)动词like,hate,prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。如:Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimwithyou.我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。Module4【词条1】combine【点拨】combinevi./vt.联合，结合，合并。常用作结构combine...with..."把巴与……结合"。如：Thetwocountriescombinedagainsttheircommonenemy.Hecombinedhisscientificknowledgewithhisfriend'sbusinessskillandstartedacompany.Hisefforts，combinedwithhisdetermination，helpedhimachievegreatsuccess.【拓展】combinationn.联合，合作，结合combinedadj.组合的，结合的【词条2】relax【点拨】relaxvi./vt.放松，使轻松。如：Thedoctortoldhimtorelaxaweekorsobeforegoingbacktowork.Thisequipmentwillhelprelaxyourmuscles.【拓展】relax还可意为"放宽；使松弛"。如：Theyrelaxedtheregulationsafterthereform.relaxedadj.放松的，镇定的relaxingadj.令人放松的Shehadaveryrelaxedmanner.It'sreallyarelaxingwalk.【词条3】present【点拨】present可用作动词，意为"赠送；颁发（奖品等）；提出"。如：WhenMr.Smithleftourcompany;ourmanagerpresentedhimwithagoldenwatch.Thewinnerwaspresentedwiththeprizebythechairman.【拓展】present作名词，可意为"礼物，赠品；现在，目前"。如：Idon'twantallthesebooks;I'llmakeyouapresentofthem.Sheisbusyatpresent,andshecan'tspeaktoyou.Let'sleavethingsastheyareforthepresent.present作形容词，意为"出席的，在场的；目前的，现在的"。如：It'sunfairtodiscusshiscaseifheisn'tpresent.Thepresentsituationseemstobeintheirfavor.经典短语透视【短语1】inadditionto【点拨】nadditionto意为"除……之外（还有）"，其中to为介词，所以后面要跟名词、代词和动名词等。如:Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers，thecoursealsopro-videspracticalexperience.【拓展】besides作介词时，和其意思和用法相同。如:Wehavelotsofthingsincommonbesidesdance.inaddition相当于副词，可译为"另外，加之"。如:Youneedmoneyandtime;inaddition，youneedintelligence.【短语2】drawupon/on【点拨】drawupon/on意为"凭借，利用"。如:Rereadyourpreviousessaysforideasandinformation，whichyoumaywanttodrawupon.Awriterhastodrawuponhisimaginationandexperience.【拓展】drawon/upon还可意为"临近，（时光）渐渐过去"。如:Winterisdrawingon.Itgrewcolderasnightdrewon.【短语3】betrueof【点拨】betrueof意为"（某种情况）适用于，适宜于"。如：Thisprincipleistrueofeverybody.Thefoodisgoodandthesameistrueoftheservice.【拓展】根据下列例句体会与true相关短语的意义：Thepictureistruetolife.（逼真）Heisalwaystruetohispromise.（信守）MyfathersaidIshouldbealawyerandithascometrue.（实现）热点语法聚焦―、现在完成进行时由"has/havebeen+动词-ing"构成，其主要用法有：表示动作从过去开始一直持续到说话时，并且还有可能继续下去。这一用法常和表示一段时间的状语，如：Forthreeyears,allthistime,allone'slife,allthemorning,thesefewweeks.以及由for或since引导的时间状语连用。如：He'sbeenwatchingtelevisionallday.Ihavebeenteachinginthemiddleschoolfortenyears.表示从过去某―时刻开始―直持续到说话时刻的动作，在说话时刻这个动作刚刚结束。如：Ihavejustbeensayinggoodbyetomyfriend.表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内反复发生的动作。如Haveyoubeenmeetinghimlately二、与现在完成时的比较：从定义上来看，现在完成时（havedone）表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already"已经"或ever噌经"连用。如：WehavealreadylearntUnit（我们已经学习了第二单元。）SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveeverseen.（她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。）而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且有可能还要进行下去的动作，具有未完成的特点，一般不与already或ever等连用。如:WehavebeenlearningUnit2.我们一直在学习第二单元。（没学完）现在完成时表示次性，现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，请看以下句子:Ihavemethimatthelibrary.（我在图书馆见过他。）Ihavebeenmeetinghimatthelibrary.（我经常在图书馆看见她。）现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作，但在含上有区别。现在完成时强调的是动作的结果，而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。如:Weareverytired.We'vebeencleaningthehouse.我们很累，我们一直在打扫房子。（强调动作）We'vecleanedthehouse.Youmaycomeinnow我们打扫过房子了，你可以进来了。（强调结果"房子干净"）现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:Ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了两个小时。（陈述事实）Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况；若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时。如:HehaslivedinParis.他（一直）住在巴黎。HehasbeenlivinginParis.他（目前）住在巴黎。（表暂时性）不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如:I'veonlyknownherfortwodays.我认识她刚刚两天。They'vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他们结婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争已经持续了很长时间。现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.这房子已漆了一个月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.这个问题已研究了五天。Module5【词条1】refuse【点拨】refuse为动词，意为"拒绝"。常用于结构：refusetodosth.refuse+n./pron.refusesb.sth.。如:WhatannoyeduswasthatMaryrefusedtotalkaboutthismatter.Herefusedhisfriend'sinvitationtogoonanadventure.Sheissoenthusiasticthatyoucan'trefuseheranything.【拓展】辨析refuse＆reject＆decline这几个词都可作"拒绝"解。其区别在于:refuse是表示"拒绝"这一概念的最普通的用词,可接不定式，表示拒绝做某事，也可接名词,表示不接受；reject语气比refuse强,表示断然拒绝。如果不同意一种意见或信仰,通常用reject；decline比较正式，表示礼貌、客气地"婉拒"，当表示对于对方的邀请、请求、提议等表示"不接受"时，可以用decline来缓和语气。如:Irefusedtotakepartinanythingthatisillegal.Thearmydoctorsrejectedseveralrecruitsasunfit.Iinvitedhertojoinus，butshedeclined.refusal为refuse的名词形式，意为"拒绝，拒不"。如：Yourrefusalofsuchagoodofferwasveryfoolish.【词条2】arise【点拨】arise为不及物动词，意为"产生；出现"。常用搭配:ariseoutof/fromsth."由……引起"。如：Wedidn'tknowhowthequarrelarose.Disagreementshavearisenfromthenewprogram.【拓展】arise还可意为"站起来，起立"。如:Hearose，tellingmethathewouldwaitformeoutsidetheoffice.注意几个与arise意义相近的词:rise是不及物动词，意为"上升；升起；增加；提高"。也可意为"起床"和"站起身",这时可与arise换用。如：Ourhopesroseandfellinthesameinstant.Thechairmanrosefromhischairandcameforwardtopresenttheaward.Wearosefromthechairswhentheguestenteredtheroom.raise是及物动词，意为"举起；使起来；提高；提出"。如:Heraisedhishandtoaskthespeakerquestions.Mysalarywasraisedto8，000yuanamonth.arouse也是及物动词，意为"唤醒；激起；引起"。如:Iwassuddenlyarousedbythethunder.Greatenthusiasmwasarousedbythespeech.【词条3】accompany【点拨】accompany动词，可意为"陪伴"。如:Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglassofwine【拓展】accompany还可意为"伴随发生；伴奏"。如:Lightningusuallyaccompanieswiththunder.Thepianistaccompaniedhersinging.经典短语透视【短语1】treat...as...【点拨】treat...as...意为"把当成"。如：Peopleherealltreatmeasanexpertonfarming.【拓展】下面的词组都可以表示"把……当成……"。如：Allthepatientsregardhimasaconsideratenurse.Shethinksofthemonitorastheclevereststudentintheclass.Theylookonothers'difficultiesastheirown.Thissculptureisconsideredasasymbolofthiscity.【短语2】relyon【点拨】relyon意为"依靠，指望"，常用于以下结构：Theyusuallyrelyonthemselves.（relyonsth.）Theyhavetorelyontheriverfortheirwater.（relyonsth.for）YoucanrelyonPetertodowhathepromises.（relyonsb.todosth.）【拓展】counton和dependon/upon都可意为"依靠，依赖"。如：IcancountonBilltogetthejobdone.Oursuccessmostlydependsonyourhelp.【短语3】breakdown【点拨】breakdown可意为"分解，分化"。如：Aftermanyyears，rocksbreakdownintodirt.【拓展】根据下列例句体会breakdown的其他意思：Wearelatebecausethecarbrokedownhalfway.（坏了）Thepeacetalkshavebrokendownbecauseneithersidewouldcompromise.（失败）Shebrokedownwithasobandcoveredherfacewiththehands.（感情失控）Theexpenditureontheprojectbreaksdownasfollows：wages5，000dollars，materials8，000dollars.（分割）热点语法聚焦虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，用于表示说话人的假设、愿望、怀疑或推测等。本期重点讲述虚拟语气在讦引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法。if引导的非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实可能相反三种情况。以下表格是虚拟语气用于讦条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：与现在事实相反：动词的过去式（be动词一般用were）woulddcoulddmight+动词原形Ifhehadtime，hewouldcometovisityou.（实际上很可能没时间）与过去事实相反：had+动词-ed形式woulddcoulddmighthave+动词-ed形式Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavefinisheditontime.（实际上没有采纳建议,结果没按时完成）与将来事实可能相反1.—般过去时（be动词一般用were）should+动词原形wereto+动词原形woulddcoulddmight+动词原形Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.说话人认为明天下雨的可能性很小）在讦虚拟条件从句中，如果主、从句动作发生在不同的时间，主从句谓语动词应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式,这叫作混合虚拟条件从句。如:Ifhehadtoldmehistelephonenumberyesterday，Icouldphonehimnow.（从句表达的情况与过去的事实相反，主句表达的情况与现在的事实相反。）在讦虚拟条件从句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were,had,should,可将之提至句首,将连词讦省去，从而构成倒装句型。如：Shoulditraintomorrow（=Ifitshouldraintomorrow），IwouldnotgotoBeijing.有时用介词without或介词短语butfor来表达虚拟语气。如：Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavearrivedhereontime.Module6【词条1】occupy【点拨】occupy为动词，可意为"占领"。如：GermanyoccupiedalotofcountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.【拓展】occupy还可意为"占或充满（时间,空间）；担任（职务）；占据（头脑,思想）"。常用于结构：occupyoneselfindoingsth./withsth./忙于,从事于beoccupiedindoingsth./withsth.专心于，忙于。如：Theheadmaster'sspeechoccupiedthreehoursinall.Myfatheroccupiesanimportantpositionintheclub.Mybusinessoccupiesmymindconstantly.Mylittlesisteroccupiedherselfwithherhomeworklastnight.Asthefinalexamisdrawingnear,allthestudentsareoccupiedinreviewingtheirlessons.occupation名词,意为"占有；职业"。如：Theworker'soccupationofthefactorylastedtwoweeks.Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupation.【词条2】overlook【点拨】overlook动词，意为"往下看，俯视"。如：Thehouseonthehilloverlooksthevillage.Fromthetopofthehill，wecanoverlookthewholeoftheharbor.【拓展】overlook还可意为"忽视，忽略"。如：Youhaveoverlookedseveralmistakesinthiswork.辨析overlook＆lookoveroverlook为单个动词，意为"俯视；忽视";lookover为动词短语，意为"检查,查看"。如：Don'toverlookthestudentswhoarepoorintheirstudies.Wemustlookoverthehousebeforewedecidetorentit.【词条3】wound【点拨】wound可用作动词，意为"使受伤"。如：Thebulletwoundedhimintheleftleg.【拓展】wound还可用作名词，意为"创伤，伤口"。如：Thesoldierreceivedaseriouswoundinthechest.辨析wound＆injure＆hurt这三个词都表示"受伤"。wound一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争、战斗中受伤；injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤；hurt可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害。如：Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedinthehead.Althoughhishandwasinjured，hecontinuedtooperatethemachine.Hehurthislegwhenhefellfromtheladder.经典短语透视【短语1】makeabreakthrough【点拨】makeabreakthrough意为"取得重大突破（进展）"。如：Thekeytotheproblemistomakeabreakthroughwithaclearaim.Thetwocountriesmadeasignificantbreakthroughinnegotiations.【拓展】辨析breakthrough与breakthroughbreakthrough为名词，意为"惊人的进展;关键问题的解决"；breakthrough为动词短语，意为"突破，突围；克服"。如：I'vebeenlearningEnglishforyears;Iwanttomakeabreakthrough.Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.Theenemyattemptedtobreakthroughourlines.短语2】toone'sastonishment【点拨】toone'sastonishment意为"令某人惊讶的是",相当于tot