感官评价分析课件

ABC-SensoryAnalysis感官分析-FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素-ProceduresForSmelling&Tasting

闻味和尝味的程序-ControlsForSensoryTesting

对感官测试的控制-MethodsofSensoryTests&theApplication

感官测试的方法及其应用CONTENTWhatisSensoryAnalysis?

什么是感官分析SensoryAnalysisisascientificdisciplineusedtoevoke,measure,analyzeandinterpretreactionstothosecharacteristicsoffoodsandmaterialsastheyareperceivedbythesensesof:感官分析是一门科学，用来唤起、测量、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反应如以下感觉：Sight视觉Smell嗅觉Taste味觉Touch触觉

Hearing听觉TheSenseofSmell

嗅觉OlfactoryNerve

嗅神经TrigeminalNerve三叉神经Aroma香气:OdourofProduct产品的气味(nasalroute)顺鼻腔路径Aroma香气

(retronasalroute)逆鼻腔路径ProceduresForSmelling

闻香的程序Repeatedshortorlonghardsniffs. 或长或短地重复用力吸气Sniffsamenumberoftimesrestinginbetweeneachseries 每次休息时吸气次数保持一致Solidsorsemi-solidsshouldbestirredorbrokeninordertoexposetoafreshsurface 固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的表面TheSenseofTaste

味觉Bitter苦味Acidic酸味Salty咸味Sweet甜味Umami鲜味ProceduresForTasting

尝味的程序Liquids液体Sameamountforeachjudge数量一致Tastesmallsipsandrollaroundmouthtoactivatealltastebudareas 啜饮以激活所有的味蕾Orslurpsothatliquidissprayeduniformlythroughoutthemouth 或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在口腔Rinsemouthcarefullywithwaterorhaveabiteofcracker 仔细地漱口或者咬一口苏打饼干HumanasmeasuringInstrument

人类作为测量仪器SensoryStimulus

感官刺激Response反应Senseorgan感觉器官Sensation感觉Memory记忆Expectation期望Motivation动力Brain大脑Perception知觉FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素Expectationerror 期望错误Stimuluserror 刺激错误Leniencyerror 宽大错误Proximityerror 近似错误Centraltendencyerror 中心化错误Expectationerror期望的错误Informationgivenwiththesamplemaytriggerpreconceivedideas 样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主Stimuluserror刺激的错误Irrelevantcriteria,suchascolororsizeinfluencetheobserver 无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观察者FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素Leniencyerror

宽大的错误Basedontheirfeelingsabouttheresearcher,ignoringproductdifferences

根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品的差异FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素Suggestioneffect暗示效应Reactionsofothermembersofapanelcaninfluencetheresponseofapanelist 品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测试者Positionalbias(ordereffect)位置偏见(顺序效应)Scorethesecondproduct(ofasetofproducts)higherorlowerthanexpected 给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或偏低Contrasteffectandconvergenceerror 对照效应和集中错误Exaggeratethedifferenceormasksmalldifferencesbetweentheothersamplesintheirscores

夸大或掩盖样品间的差异FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素Proximityerror近似的错误Correlationbetweencharacteristicsclosetogethermaybehigherthanothercharacteristic 相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的关联可能要高一些Centraltendencyerror中心化的错误Scoringproductsinthemidrangeofascaletoavoidextremes 给产品打分偏中等，以避免极端FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素Motivation动力Affectssensoryperception.Ferestedpanelistisalwaysmoreefficientandreliable. 动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣的品尝小组成员总会更有效、更可靠。FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影响感官测定的因素EnvironmentControls

环境的控制PanelBoothTestingArea

品评单间的测试区域Sensoryevaluationofproducts产品的感官品评DescriptiveEvaluation&TrainingArea 描述性品评和培训的区域Meetingwithpanelist

和品评小组成员开会PreparationArea&ServingArea准备和分发的区域Samplepreparationandserving 样品的准备和分发OfficeArea办公区域Administrativepreparationsoftestsandtheirinterpretation测试的行政准备和解释PanelBoothTestingArea

品评单间的测试区域Individualbooth单独隔开的小间Slidingdoor移动门Neutralwallcolor中性的墙壁颜色SinkandTap水槽和龙头Coloredlightning有颜色的光照Odor-free无气味Computer电脑Preparation&ServingArea

准备和分发区域Well-equippedkitchen

设备良好的厨房Odor-free&ventilated

无味且通风良好Air-conditioned空调Refrigerator/frozenstoragespace

冰箱/冷冻保存空间Constructionmaterial建筑材料Specializedequipment特殊器材OfficeArea

办公区域Closetopanelbooth

靠近品评单间Convenienttolocaterecords,storagespace,anycomputerterminal

便于安装记录、储存空间和电脑终端Phone,printeratsufficientdistance电话、打印机摆放在合理的距离内PanelistControl

品评小组的控制PanelOrientation品评员的指导Beforeevaluation

品评前Donotsmokeandconsumesweets,coffeeoranythingwithastrongtasteimmediatelyorlessthan30minutesbeforethetest

测试前30分钟内不可抽烟，吃糖，喝咖啡或品尝其他味重的东西Arriveatthetimeagreedforthetest

准时到达PanelistControl

品评小组的控制PanelOrientation品评员的指导Beforeevaluation

品评前Donotusestrongperfume,perfumedafter-shavelotion,perfumedsoap,etc

不要使用浓烈的香水，润肤香水，香皂等Informedimpairedphysicalforme.g..Coldorheadache

身体不适，如感冒或头痛PanelistControl

品评小组的控制PanelOrientation品评员的指导Duringevaluation测试中Donottalktocolleaguesduringassessments测试时不要和同事说话Donotbringextraneousitems,suchasnewspapersintothetestbooth

不要带无关的东西到测试场所如报纸等Analytical分析的NewProductdevelopment新产品研发

Productmatching产品复制Productimprovement产品改进Processchange工艺改变Storagestability贮存稳定性Productgradingandrating

产品分级和打分Affective情感方面的Consumeracceptance/opinions消费者认可/意见Consumerpreference消费者偏好Methods&Application

方法和应用TheSensorytests感官测试Descriptivetests描述测试Quantifieddescriptionofthedifferencesperceivedbetweenproducts 定量地描述产品间的差异Analyticaltests分析测试Discriminativetests辨别测试Todetectifthereisadifferencebetweenarangeofproducts 去发现一组产品中是否有差别Affectivetests情感测试Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试Tostudypreferencesanddislikesofconsumers

研究消费者的喜好和厌恶成对喜偏好测试PairedPreferenceTest姓名(Name):_____________________部门(Department):_________________Pleaserinseyourmouthwithwaterbeforestarting.Youhavebeengiventwosamples.开始前请先漱口。您将品尝到两个样品Tastetheproductontheleftfirst.Thentastetheproductontheright.Youmayretasteasoftenasyouneedto.先尝左边产品,再尝右边产品。可以按自己的需要反复品尝Circlethenumberofpreferredsample.圈出您喜欢的产品( 157 )

( 468 )

Pleasecommentonthereasonsforyouchoice请说明您选择的理由:

(157 )

(468 ) _____________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________

Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试排序偏好测试RankPreferenceTest姓名(Name):____________________部门(Department):_________________Pleaserinseyourmouthwithwaterbeforestarting,beforeeachsampleandanytimeyouneedto.请在开始时,品尝每个样品之间和任何您需要的时候漱口YouwillreceiveFOURsamples.Pleaserankthemintheorderofyourdegreeofpreference.你会收到四个样品(254,857,359,460),请按照喜欢的程度给它们排序Writetotheverytopthecodeofthesampleyoulikebest(towhichyougivethefirstpositioninthedegreeofpreference)andtotheverybottomthecodeofthesampleyoulikeleast.将您最喜欢产品的编号写在最上方,最不喜欢的产品写在最下方Markthedegreeofpreferencefortheothersamplesinbetween.Tiesarenotallowed.其余的产品写在中间。不允许存在相互联系______________________ 1strankposition

排列位置(mostliked

最喜欢)______________________ 2ndrankposition

排列位置______________________ 3rdrankposition

排列位置______________________ 4thrankposition排列位置(leastliked

最不喜欢)Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试享乐型的批分测试HedonicRatingTest姓名(Name):_____________________部门(Department):_________________PleasetasteeachsamplefromLEFTtoRIGHT.Pleasedrinkwaterandeatacrackerbetweensamples.请从左到右品尝每个样品。请在品尝样品之间喝水吃饼干

ConsideringAllcharacteristics(APPEARANCE,FLAVOUR,andTEXTURE).Indicateyouroverallopinionbycirclingonepointonthefollowingscale.考虑所有特征(外观,风味和组织),并圈出能够反映你整体意见的分值Describewhatyoulikedanddislikedabouteachofthesamples.描述你对这个产品有什么喜欢还是不喜欢的地方?( )______________________________________________________________________( )_______________________________________________________________________( )_______________________________________________________________________( )_______________________________________________________________________Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试EvaluationForm姓名Name 日期Date产品Product

目标OBJECTIVE:Toobtaingeneraldescriptionabouttheproductsbasedonthecommentsgivenbythepanellist,andtodeterminethepreferenceamongthesamples,formorethantwosamplesevaluation.INSTRUCTIONS:Youaregivenafewsamples.Pls.describethem,rateyourpreferenceandrankthemaccordingly(Remark:Equalranksarenotallowed.)1-DislikeExtremely非常不喜欢; 6-LikeSlightly有点喜欢;2-DislikeVeryMuch很不喜欢; 7-LikeModerately喜欢;3-DislikeModerately不喜欢; 8-LikeVeryMuch很喜欢;4-DislikeSlightly有点不喜欢; 9-LikeExtremely非常喜欢5-NeitherLikeNorDislike;既不喜欢也不讨厌

Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好测试三角测试TriangleTest姓名(Name):P18__________________部门(Department):________________您将品尝到3个样品。两个是同样的，一个是不同的。Youhavebeengiventhreesamples.Twoofthesesamplesareidentical,oneisdifferent.请集中注意力，依次品尝这些样品，区分它们的不同之处：Pleasetastethesesamplesintheordergivenbelowinconcentratingyourattentiononthedifferenceinflavour:圈出与其他两个不同的样品号Circlethenumberofthedifferentsample.

837 911 586 标出它们之间的差别大小程度Indicatethedegreeofdifferenceinflavourbetweentheidenticalsamplesandthedifferentone.

评注：

Comments

不同的样品：

Differentsample

___________________________________________________________________________________

相同的样品：

Identicalsamples___________________________________________________________________________________Discriminativetests辨别测试对比测试Duo-TrioTest姓名(Name):____________________ 部门(Department):________________我们会给您一个标为“R”的参照样品和另外两个样品。Youhavebeengivenareferencesample“R”andtwocodedsamples.请先品尝样品“R”，然后再品尝其他两个。在后两个样品中选出您认为与“R”相同的样品。Pleasesmellandtastethereferencesample“R”first,followedbythetwocodedsamples.Indicatewhichofthetwocodedsamplesisidenticaltothereferencesample“R”.如果您认为两个样品与“R”都很相似，您必须在其中猜选一个。

Ifnodifferenceisapparentbetweenthetwounknownsamples,youmustguess.可以允许重复品尝Retastingisallowed.

圈出您认为与参照样品相同的样品号

Circlethenumberoftheidenticalsample.

278 543

评注：Comments 278 543_____________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________Discriminativetests辨别测试DIFFERENCEFROMCONTROLTEST五选二测试TWOOUTOFFIVETEST姓名(Name):P20____________________ 部门(Department):________________我们会给您五个样品..其中两个是同样的,而另三个相同成为一组.Youhavebeengivenfivesamples.Twoofthesefivesamplesbelongtooneset;theotherthreebelongtoanotherset.请选择两个相同的样品,在这两个样品编号边打上X记号IdentifythetwosampleswhichbelongtogetherbyplacinganXafterthecodenumber.

同时请在评语栏里填上作相应评价Pleasecommentaccordingly.编号CODE

__ ________________ ____ ________________ __

__ ________________ 评语COMMENTS:

Twosamplesgroup ___________________________________Threesamplesgroup ___________________________________Discriminativetests辨别测试排序测试RankingTest姓名(Name):_____________________部门(Department):________________您将品尝到不同甜味强度的三个样品Youhavebeengiventhreesamplesofdifferentsweetnessintensity.请闻其香味，尝其味，并回答下列问题Pleasesmellandtastethesesamplesandanswerthefollowingquestion:

399

525 833

按其甜味强度依次排列

Rankthesethreeproductsinascendingorderoftheirsweetness: No.1 ___________ No.2 ___________

No.3 ___________(No.1为

甜度最低，No.3为甜度最强)(WithNo.1oftheleastsweetnessandNo.3ofthehighestsweetness)评注：Comments_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Discriminativetests辨别测试打分测试ScalingTest

姓名(Name):_____________________部门(Department):_________________

产品(Product)

:Milkpowder(4) UtilisationoftheCATEGORYscale Samples:

987

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

378

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

249

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

527

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0.Absence

1.JustDetectable

2.Weak

3.Moderate4.SlightlyStrong5.Strong6.VeryStrong

Discriminativetests辨别测试打分测试ScalingTest姓名(Name):_____________________部门(Department):_________________IntensityratingscalewiththeutilisationofDifference.Pleaserateaccordingtothereference

Ref.A: 0 10

Ref.B: 0 10

Samples: 0 10268

0 10457

0 10176

0 10534

AbsentModerate VeryIntenseDiscriminativetests辨别测试DIFFERENCEFROMCONTROLTESTName:____________________________ Date:3/11/01________________TypeofSample:************************************************************************Instructions:.Youhavereceived4samples(3-digitcoded)andacontrolsamplemarked“R”..Tastethecontrolsamplemarked“R”first.Thentastethetestsamplemarked“XXX”intheindicatedsequenceorder..AssesstheoverallsensorydifferencesbetweenthetwosamplesusingthescaleBelow.Commentonthedifferences.

01 23 45 67 89 10No ModerateExtremeDiff Diff.RememberthataDuplicateControlisthesamplesomeofthetime.*****