2022年中考英语定语从句讲义

复合句之定语从句1.根据定义定特点在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)连接起来。定语从句前的那个被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。如：RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramwhichispopularamongtheyoungpeople.主句：RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogram从句：whichispopularamongtheyoungpeople先行词：TVprogram关系代词：which因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项,如：what。2.根据成分选连词在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。(1)一看指人还是物先行词指人：that,who(曲靖：2016.39),whose,whom先行词指物：that(曲靖：2016.45),which,whose(2)二看句中作何用所作成分关系词主语who(人),which(物),that(人/物)宾语who/whom(人),which(物),that(人/物)定语whose(人/物)状语where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)如果从句中缺少主干成分，补关系代词；如果从句中不缺主干成分，补关系副词。(3)看是否是特殊情况关系词只能用that的几种情况①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时(曲靖：2017.40)。---Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。---ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这就是我能找到的唯一的一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。---ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShanghai.为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。④当先行词既有人又有物时。---Let’stalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwecanremember.让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。关系词只能用which的几种情况①关系代词放在介词之后。---Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.这是我们曾工作过的工厂。②非限制性定语从句。---Thisisafamousbook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.这是鲁迅写的一本书。③that,those作主语指物时。---ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.桌子上的那些是英语书。用who而不用that的情况①当先行词为people和those(指人)时,只能用who。---Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。②当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,只能用who。---Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。【补充说明】1.引导词that与which用法区别which前面可以有介词,that不行。当先行词指物、原因、地点或时间等时,prep+which---ThesmallvillageinwhichIspentmychildhoodhasalotofbigchanges.2.先行词是all/everything/nothing/something/anything等不定代词时其后必须用that---Thereisnothingthatcanmakehimhappyagain./Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.

3.作为先行词的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级以及any,one,little,few,all,noneof或theonly/thevery（恰好;正好）/thejust（正好;恰好）等限定语时其后必须用that。---Thatisthefirst/thebest/theonlymovie(that)I’dliketosee./TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown./Thefirstonethatstandsupisalittleboy.

4.当先行词是数词时用that引导。---Therearethreethatlikedrawingpicturesinourclass.我们班上有三个喜欢画画的学生。5.当先行词既有人也有物时用that。---Weweredeeplymovedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited.我们被访问过的老师和学校深深地感动了。6.当先行词是地点时,用关系副词where,先行词是时间时，用关系副词when,当先行词指原因时,用关系副词why引导(它们在句中作状语）。---1.Istillremembertheparkwherewefirstmet./2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether./3.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?

关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句注意：关系副词when,where,why既起到连接主句和从句的作用,同时在定语从句中充当句子的时间状语、地点状语及原因状语。关系代词在定语从句中充当句子主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语。例：1.IcanstillrememberthetownwhereIwasborn./IcanrememberthehospitalinwhichIwasborn.2.Doyouenjoytheholidayswhenyouspentwithyourfriends?/Thisbookisabouttheyearswhentheauthorsstudiedabroad./IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmetyou.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhehasn’tbeentothepartylastFriday?注意：1、先行词指人,在句中作宾语,关系词前又有介词时,只用whomThisistheheroinwhomwetakepride.=Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.这是我们引以为傲的英雄。---即：prep+whom---ThemantowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.刚才和你讲话的那个人是我们的英语老师。2、先行词指物、时间、地点或原因,在句中作宾语,关系词前又有介词时,只用which---Thisisthepictureaboutwhichtheytalkedatthegallery.这就是他们在画廊里谈到的那幅画。Idon’tforgetthehouseinwhichwehavelivedfortenyears.=Idon’tforgetthehousewherewehavelivedfortenyears.我不会忘