学习质料-发动机维修大赛aeronautical engineering english

Lesson22PowerplantPW4000RB211-535E4flatrateddesignredlinegraphite-

阶标题、名规格、规 平稳额定温加速设计红线超吸通道、走吊车、起重设石墨-环氧树[1]Generally,twoenginessupplyairplanethrustduringallphasesofflight,theengineisahighbypassratioturbofanengine.DifferenttypeenginemaybeusedindifferentairplaneofBOEINGseriessuchasCFM56-3engineinB737,RRRB211-535E4engineinB757,GE90engineinB777etc.一般来说，两台发就能为飞机提供全部飞行阶段所需要的 是道比的涡轮风扇发。不同类型的发应用于不同类型的波音系列飞机上，例如：CFM56-3发B737RRRB211-535E4安装于B757飞机,GE90发安装于B777飞机.Theenginesalsosupplyelectric,hydraulic,andp powerfortheairplanesystems.Thetitle-powerplanthasthefollowingparts. 也为飞机系统提供电力 和气压源。动力装置铭牌标有以下部分EngineengineThrustEngineWireEngineventsanddrains(removefluidfrombecowling,theenginecomponentsandthestrut) 规 安装支导线 通风与放残（从 罩、 部件和支柱灯排放wewillnotgivethespecificenginedataintheenginespecificationsectionbutwewillgivesomeexplanationforthemainitemsoftheenginespecification. 1、Fullratedtakeoffthrustistheapprovedumthrustlevelatwhichtheengineoperateforseveral umcontinuousthrustistheapprovedumthrustlevelatwhichtheenginecanoperatewithnotime3、Flatratedtemperatureistheambienttemperatureatwhichtheenginecanoperatewithoutathrustreductiontomaintainenginelimits. 4、Bypassratioisaratioofthemassofairgoingthroughthefanducttothemassofairgoingthroughtheenginecore. 5、Overallpressureratioistheratiooftheairpressurethatexitsthehighpressurecompressor(HPC)totheairpressurethatentersthefan.6、Engineweightistheweightasitcomesfromtheenginemanufacturer.Thisweightdoesnotincludetheenginebuildup(EBU)equipmentTheenginedrivenhydraulicpumptheintegrateddrivegenerator(IDG),andtheinletcowlareexamplesofEBUequipment.发重量主要来自于发制造商的提供的总重量。这个重量不包括组装的发装备：发驱动泵、整体驱动发电机以及发组装装备中7、Idlespeed(N1andN2)istheminimumrotorspeednecessarytosupplyenginepowerfortheairplanesystemsandtheengineaccelerationrequirements.Examplesofairplanesystemsarethe atic,electrical,andhydraulicsystems. 系统8、N1andN2(100percent)aretherotorspeedatwhichthedesignpointmassairflowoccures。 9、RedlinevaluesforN1、N2andEGT(exhaustgastemperaturearetheumoperatinglimitsfortheIfN1、N2orEGTismorethantheredline,theprimarydisplaysystemshowsanengine [2]Theenginehazardisdangeroustoworkaroundengines.Thehazardsaroundjetenginesinoperateincludeinletsuction,heat，exhaustandnoise. Thetechnicianmuststayoutoftheinletandexhausthazardareaswhentheengineisrunningandusetheengineentrycorridorstogonearanengineinoperate,engineentrycorridorsarebetweentheinlethazardareasandtheexhausthazardareas. Suctionattheinletofanenginecanpullobjects,includinga ,intotheengine. Enginedamagecanresultwhenrags,eyeglasses,hats,orotherlooseobjectsgointotheinletcowl. Youmustattachorremoveanylooseobjectsbeforeyouworkaroundtheengine. Theenginefandevelophighestspeedexhaustgasesthatcancause Theengineexhausttemperaturecanremainhighforhundredsoffeetbehindtheengine.较高温度的 废气能够排出到 后数十丈远Theenginenoisecancausetemporaryandpermanenthearing 噪音也能引起暂时的 损失Youmustwearcup-typeearprotectornearanenginein [3]Theenginecowlingisacoverthatcontainsandgivesprotectiontotheenginecomponents. Thecowlingalsocontrolstheairflowthroughandaroundtheengine.Figure22-1showstheenginecowling. Theinletcowl sasmoothairflowintotheengine.Thefancowlisaftoftheinletcowl.Thefancowlattachestothefancowlsupportbeamontheengine. 是 Thethrustreverserisaftofthefancowl.Thethrustreverserattachestothestrutandopensformaintemance.TheturbineexhaustsystemisaftofthethrustThesystemhasthreeparts,theyareprimarynozzle,fowardcenterbodyandaftcenterbody.[4]LetustakeGE90engineasanexampletointroduceinletcowl,fancowl,thrustreverser,andturbineexhaustinthefollowingparagraphs. Theinletcowlisasingleassemblywithanupperandlowerhalf. Theinletcowlsfortheleftandtherightengineareinterchangeable. ThecowlincludesT12sensor,engineanti-ice(EAI)system,powereddooropeningsystem(PDOS)switchesandhoistpoints.TheT12sensormeasuresengineinlettemperatureandsendsittoelectronicenginecontrol该整流罩包含T12传感器、发防冰系统、动力开门系统开关以及起吊点。T12传感器测量发进口温度并将其传送到发电子控制器。TheEAIsupplyductgivesanti-icetotheinletcowl.TheEAIductinsidetheinletcowlhasashroud.TheexhaustductpermitsEAIairtoflowoverboard. 许防冰系统空气流入 外[5]Eachenginehastwofancowlsthatgoaroundthefancaseandletairflowsmoothlyovertheengine.Thefancowlsaregraphite-epoxystructures. Eachfancowlhasfourhinges.Eachhingeattachestothefancowlsupportbeamonthefancase.Fouradjustablelatchesatthebottomofthefancowl.Theyholdtheleftandrightfancowlstogether.[6]Thethrustreverserdeflectfanairtodeceleratetheairplaneduringlandingrolloutorrejectedtake-off.反推器将气流偏转，在着陆滑跑或中断起飞时使飞 Theoutersurfaceofthethrustreverserletsairflowsmoothlyaroundtheengine. Eachthrustreverserhasaleftandarighthalf.Eachhalfhasfourhinges.ThehingesattachthethrustreverserhalvestotheThethrustreverserhold-openrodskeepthethrustreverserhalvesopento tenance.Therodis [7]Theturbineexhaustsystemmakestheairflowsmoothasitexitstheengine.Thisincreaseengineefficiencyandreducesnoise.Figure22-2showstheturbineexhaustsystem. Theprimarynozzleisaftofthethrustreverser.Theprimarynozzleattachestotheturbinerearframe.Thecenterbodyisinsidetheprimarynozzle.Thecenterbodyhastwoparts. Theforwardcenterbodyattachestotheturbinerearframe.Theaftcenterbodyattachestotheforwardcenterbody. Theventtubeextension sapathfortheoilsystemventairtogooverboard.Theventtubeextensionfitsinsidethecenterbody. That'sall,ThankLESSONFlightHorizontalRollpitchWind

水平安定失横滚、俯仰、偏阵风，冲板[1]Theflightcontrolsprovidemaneuveringcontrolaboutthelateral,longitudinalandverticalaxes.飞 面提供绕横轴，纵轴和立轴 控制Theyalsoprovideincreaseliftfortakeoffandlandingaswellasincreasedaerodynamicdragbothinflightandontheground. Flightcontrolsaredividedintothreemajorgroups,seefigure飞 Horizontalstabilizerandstallandtakeoffwarningwillnotdiscussinthislesson.Theprimaryflightcontrolsconsistsoftheailerons,elevatorsandrudder.主飞 Thesecondaryflightcontrolsconsistsofthespoilers,trailingedgeflaps,leadingedgedevices,andthehorizontalstabilizer. Therearetwowarningsystemsassociatedwiththeflightcontrols. Thestallwarningprovidesawarningtothepilotswhentheairplaneapproachesastallcondition.Thetakeoffwarningprovidesanauralwarningtothepilotwhencertainflightcontrolsarenotinthecorrectpositionfortakeoff. [2]Theailerons,elevatorsandruddercontroltheairplanearoundthelongitudinal,lateralandverticalaxesrespectively.（转动）Normaloperationoftheseprimaryflightcontrolsishydraulic dbysystemAandB. Eitherhydraulicsystemoperatingalonecanprovideeffectivecontroloftheprimaryflightcontrols.每 系统单独工作就能够有 主飞 面Alternateoperationwithallhydraulicpowerlostisbymanualcontrolfortheaileronandelevators.。

动力失效时副翼和升降舵的备 是通过人Balancepanelsandbalancetabsassistinmovingtheaileronsandelevators(minimizethecontrolforces). Alternateoperationoftherudderisbystandbyhydraulic方向舵的备 是通过备 动力TherearenotabsorbalancepanelsinstalledontheTherudderhasnomanualreversionFigure28-2illustratesflight图28-2表示了飞 面Theaileronsystemprovidesairplanelateralcontrolaboutthelongitudinalaxis.副翼系统提供飞行绕纵轴的侧 Aileronsystemconsistsofoneaileronwithbalancetaboneachwing.Theaileronsarepositionedbycablesthataredrivenbytwohydraulicpowercontrolunits(PCU)locatedontheforwardwallofthemainwheelwell.副翼通过由两台位于主轮舱前壁上 动力控制组ControlinputstothesePCUarethroughacablesystemactuatedbyrotationofeithercontrolwheel,anelectricailerontrimsystemortheautopilot.PCU的输入是通过钢缆系统。钢缆系统通过Operationofaileroncausestheairplaneroll-to-rightorroll-to-left.[3]Theelevatorsystemprovidesprimarypitchcontrolabouttheairplanelateralaxis.升降舵系统提供绕飞机横轴的主要俯 Twoelevatorsarehingedtotheaftendoftheleftandrighthorizontalstabilizersections,seefigure28-3.Theelevatorsarepoweredbytwoindependenthydraulicsystemsinresponsetoeithercontrolcolumninputsor Intheeventofdualhydraulicfailure,amanualreversionmodeallowstheelevatorstobedrivendirectlythroughamechanicalcontrolsystem.万一两套系统失效，人工复原模式允许升降舵通过机械系统直接驱动。Threebalancepanelsandbalancetaboneachelevatorreduceairloadstoassis evatormovement,particularlyduringmanualreversionmode.动载荷来辅助升降舵，特别在人工复原模式Operationoftheelevatorcausetheairplanepitch-uporpitch-Forwardcontrolcomponentsofelevatorsystemarelocatedbeneaththecontrolcolumnsinthelowernosecompartment.Cablerunsconnectthemtotheaftcontrolcomponentslocatedinsidethetailcone.[4]TherudderismountedontheaftsideoftheverticalThepowercontrolunitsandaftcontrolcomponentsareinstalledinsidetheverticalstabilizer,forwardoftherudder.Theruddersystemisoperatedfromtheflightcompartmentbyeithertherudderpedalsortheruddertrimswitch.。Therudderisoperatedbyhydraulicpoweronly.Thereisnomanualreversioncapability. NormaloperationiswithbothsystemAandsystemBappliedtothemainpowercontrolunit. Thestandbysystemcanbeappliedthroughthestandbypowerunitwhenitisselected. Nomorethantwohydraulicsystemcanpowertherudderatagiventime.在同一时间内为方向舵供压 系统不多于两套Windgustprotectionfortherudderishydraulic方向舵的阵风保护 阻尼umruddertravelislimitedbyactuatorpistonOperationoftherudderprovidesyawcontroloftheairplanearoundtheverticalaxis.[5]Inthefollowingparagraphswebrieflyintroducethesecondaryflightcontrols.在下面的段落我们简略介绍辅助飞 系统Figure28-4showsthespoilerand图28-4表示扰流板 板Spoilerpanelsareinstalledtosupplementtheaileronsforlateralcontrolandtoprovideincreaseddragandreducedliftwhenusedasspeedbrake. Fivehydraulicallypoweredspoilerspanelsareinstalledoneachwing.每侧机翼上装有5 作动的扰流板Theyarenumberedfromlefttorightforidentification,0thru4ontheleftwingand5thru9ontherightwing. Theflightspoilersare2,3,6and飞行扰流板是2,3,6和7号Theremainingsixareground其余的6块是地面扰流板Flightspoilerpanelarepositionedtoanypositionbetween0~40obyindividualhydraulicactuatorscontrolledbycablesfromtheratiochanger. Theinboardflightspoilers(3and6)arepoweredbyhydraulicsystemA. Outboardflightspoilers(2and7)arepoweredbyhydraulicsystemB. Groundspoilersaretwopositiondevices:fulldownorfullup.Outboardgroundspoilersarepositionedbyonehydraulicactuatoreachandtheinboardsbytwoactuatorseach. AllgroundspoilersarepoweredbyhydraulicsystemAthroughacontrolvalveandabypassvalve. Flightspoilersfunctionasspeedbrakesbothinflightandontheground.飞行扰流板在飞行和地面时作 板使用Inaddition,theyplayaroleinthelateralcontrol除此之外，它们在侧 系统中起作用Groundspoilersfunctiononlyasground地面扰流板只能作为地 板使用Speedbrakeoperationiscontrolledmanuallybythespeedbrakeleverorautomaticallybymeansofanelectric [6]Figure28-5showsthetrailingedge(TE)TheTEflapsystemprovidesadditionalliftduringtakeoffandlandingbyincreasingthecamberofthewing.Thissystemconsistsoftwosetsoftriple-slottedflapsoneachOnesetinboardandonesetoutboardofthe一套位于 内侧，一套位于 外侧Eachsetconsistsofaforeflap,amidflapandanaftflapthataremechanicallyseparatedtoformslotswhenextended.Thesectionsnesttogetherandfairwiththewingwhen当（襟翼）Theflapcontrolleverisonthepilotscontrol襟翼控制手柄位 控制台上Theflapcontrolunitandflappowerunitareinthemaingearwheelwell.Apositiontransmitterismountedoneachwingrearsparandtheindicatorisintheflightcompartment.NormaloperationoftheTEflapsissystemBhydraulicpowercontrolledbytheflaplever. Alternateoperationisbyanelectricmotorcontrolledbytwoswitchesontheoverheadpanel.备 是通过由顶板上的两个开关控制的电动马达[7]Leadingedge(LE)devices(includingLEslatsandLEflaps)areusedincombinationwiththeTEflapstoallowairplaneoperationfromshortrunway.TheuseofLEdevicesallowsachangeinwingcamberwhichgreatlyincreaseslift.ThreeLEslatsareinstalledoutboardoftheengineandtwoLEflapsareinstalledinboardoftheengineon