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Unit7OriginalThinkerPassageWritingSkills教学建议:本章重点:有关创新和抄袭的表达法。本章难点:抄袭的概念、抄袭的原因及对策。课时安排:精读4学时。
☆
Pre-readingActivities
☆PassageExploration
☆Post-readingActivitiesUnit7
OriginalThinkerPre-readingQuestionsWhatdoesitmeantobeoriginalinthinkingandwriting?Whatisthedifferencebetweenplagiarismandcitation?Whatmakes“anoriginalthinker”?BackgroundInformation☆JudeCarroll☆RobertMcNamara☆OxfordBrookesUniversityJudeCarroll
JudeCarrollwasbornin1949.ShetaughtatasecondarylevelandintechnicalcollegesinAfricaandintheUSbeforemovingtoBritainintheseventies.Whilstraisingchildren,sheworkedinthevoluntarysectorasanadulteducator,thenworkedforeightyearsinatrainingpartnershipintheHealthService.Hereffortstohelpothersruneffectivetraininggroupssparkedaninterestinteachingandlearningissuesandledtothepublicationofthreebooksonante-nataleducation.JudeCarrollIn1990,shebeganworkatOxfordBrookesasastaffdeveloperwithsupportstaff.Inaddition,Judetaughtmodulesoncommunicationskillsandincreasingly,beganworkingwithacademicstaff.ShewasamemberoftheEqualOpportunitiesActionGroupatBrookesfortwoyearsandwassecondedtotheUniversitiesandCollegesStaffDevelopmentAgencyduring1995/96toworkwithHEinstitutionsacrossthesector.SheisaFellowoftheStaffandEducationalDevelopmentAssociation.Herpublications,amongothers,includeHandbookforDeterringPlagiarisminHigherEducation.RobertMcNamaraRobertMcNamarawasborninSanFranciscoin1916anddevelopedlogisticalandstatisticalsystemsforthemilitaryduringWorldWarII.Afterthewar,hewasoneofthe“WhizKids”hiredtorevitalizetheFordMotorCo.,andin1960hebecamethefirstpersonnotintheFordfamilytobenameditspresidents.In1961hewasappointedsecretaryofdefensebyPresidentKennedyandproceededtorevampPentagonoperations.Heresignedin1968tobecomepresidentoftheWorldBank(1968-81).OxfordBrookesUniversityOxfordBrookesisauniversityinOxfordshire,England.IthasbeenjudgedleadingnewuniversityintheUKforthepastsixyearsrunningbyTheTimesGoodUniversityGuide.Despitethesimilarityofnames,itisanentirelyseparateinstitutionfromthebetter-knownOxfordUniversity,withwhichitsharesnoovertrelationship.Brookeshasastudentbodyofaround19,000and,likemostoftheformerpolytechnicsintheUnitedKingdom.However,ittracesitsrootsfurtherbacktoa19th-centuryartschool.ItisnamedafterJohnHenryBrookes,itsheadfrom1928to1956,whowaspersonallyresponsibleformuchofitsdevelopment.OxfordBrookesUniversityBrookeshasbeenoneofthemostsuccessfulofalltheformerpolytechnics,andpridesitselfespeciallyonthequalityofitshistory,modernlanguages,andeconomicsdepartments:inapopularstoryrunbytheBritishmedia,Brookes’shistorydepartmentgainedahigherresearchratinginanassessmentexercisethanOxfordUniversity’s.Brookeshasalsopioneeredtheuseofmodulardegreecourses,allowingexoticcombinationssuchas“BusinessStatisticsandClinicalAromatherapy”,or“EcologyandTelecommunications”,tobestudied.TextStudying☆
Structureofthetext☆Languagepoints
StructureAnalysis
I.[P1-3]HowJudeCarrolltookupthestudyofplagiarism.II.[P4-12]Theproblemofplagiarisminschoolsandhowtopreventit.III.[P13-19]Carroll’spersonalexperienceillustratesthemeaningoforiginality.LanguagePoints
☆
WordsandExpressions☆
ExplanationofdifficultsentencesWordsandExpressions
feeln.
aninstinctiveaptitude;knack
Examples★Shehasagoodfeelformusic.★KarlMarxhadarealfeelforlanguages.★TheseexercisesaimtogivestudentsafeelforEnglishnumbers.
WordsandExpressions
keepone’shand/eyein…toretainone’sskillbyusingitfromtimetotime,thoughnotasfrequentlyasbefore.Examples★Idon’tfindmuchtimetoplaybilliardsthesedays,butIdotrytokeepmyeyeinattheweekends.★Hestillwritesarticlesoccasionally,justtokeephishandinatthatskill.WordsandExpressions
makeadifferencetohaveaneffectorinfluence;tomatterExamples★Aperson’sappearancemakesadifferenceinhowothersjudgehim.★Ifyoudosoitwillmakeagreatdifference.★Yoursupportwillcertainlymakeadifferenceinourcause.WordsandExpressionsshirkv.toavoiddischarging(work,duty,etc.)Examples★Shenevershirkedherresponsibilities.★Tomwasfiredforshirking.★Adeterminedburglarwillnotshirkfrombreakingawindowtogainentry.WordsandExpressions
pass…offas…torepresentsb.falsely
Examples★Janepassedherselfoffasanexperiencedactress.★Heescapedbypassinghimselfoffasaguard.★Shepassedtheideaoffasherown.WordsandExpressions
virtuallyadv.beinginfactwhatisdescribed,butnotacceptedopenlyorinnameassuch.Examples★Ifyoutravelbyjetplane,TokyoandShanghaiare
virtuallyneighbors.★Thecityvirtuallydisappearedinthetornado.★Tomwasthevirtualheadofthebusiness.WordsandExpressions
ruleouttomake…impossible;toprevent
Examples★Theregulationsruleoutanyoneundertheageofeighteen.★Asuddenstormruledouttheboatrace.★Mary’sdateforthedanceruledoutanybaby-sittingthatevening.WordsandExpressions
smoothout
tomakeasurfacesmoothbyremovingirregularities;toflattensth;toremovedifficulties,etc.,thusmakingasituationeasierforsb.;tomake(sth.)freeoftroubleExamples★Youshouldsmoothoutanyunevennessintheclothbeforeyoucutit.★Ouradvicehelpedthemtosmoothouttheirrelationship.WordsandExpressions
fromtheoff(slang)fromthestartingpointExamples★Heredityhadthrustourrolesonusfromtheoff.WordsandExpressions
bumpinto
toknockoneselfinto(anobject);(informal)tomeet(sb.)bychanceExamples★I’vebumpedintothedooragainandhurtmyknee.★Ibumpedintoanoldfriendintowntoday.WordsandExpressions
outoftheblue/outofabluesky(informal)unexpectedly;withoutwarningExamples★Youmaywanttospendtimewithalong-lostfriendwhodropsinoutofblue.★Herarrivalwasallthemorepleasantforbeingcompletelyoutoftheblue.★HethoughthewasalonebutsuddenlyoutofablueskytherewereIndiansallaroundhim.WordsandExpressionsatalooseend/atlooseends(informal)withoutaregularjob;unoccupiedExamples★Peterspenttwoyearswanderingaboutthecountryatalooseend.★Feelingatlooseendsthatevening,hewenttoamovie.
Explanationofdifficultsentences
P1Africanssaythatnomatterhowlongalogremainsintheriver,itneverbecomesacrocodile.ExplanationCulturalawarenessissodeep-rootedinthemindsofpeoplethatitisbynomeanseasytoremoveculturalprejudice.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P2Herexpertiseinthisfieldwasunplanned.ExplanationHerspecializationinthestudyofplagiarismwasbyaccident.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P2That’smydefaultpositionformostthings.ExplanationItismydisadvantagetohavenosayinmostthings.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P6Inthisstudy,plagiarismmadeonlyaguestappearance.ExplanationPlagiarismwasnotacentraltopicinthisstudy.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P7Academicsoftendon'tmakeitclearwhatstandardstheyexpectintermsofattributionandtransformation.ExplanationProfessorsoftenfailtoexplainunambiguouslytothestudentshowmuchtheycanciteorchangeother’sworks.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P11Butawell-craftedessaythathashadtheroughedgessmoothedoutcouldjustaseasilyhavebeencopied.ExplanationItismostlikelythatawell-writtenessayisproducedbyplagiarizingevenifitreadscoherentandfluent.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P12Thetroubleisthatsilenceimplicitlyendorsesthelegalityofplagiarism.ExplanationTheproblemisthatsilencepotentiallyhelpstosupportorencouragethepracticeofplagiarismandmakeitlegal.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P13ButCarroll'sjourneywouldtaxtheingenuityofacabbie.ExplanationButCarrollexperiencedmoredifficultiesonherwaytosuccessthanaskilledcabdriveronaroughroad.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P14Herfeetgrewitchyongraduation.ExplanationUpongraduationshebecamerestlessandwantedtogoabroad.Explanationofdifficultsentences
P17Startingyouracademiccareeronthewrongsideof40ishardlytherecommendedrouteforgreasypole-climbing.ExplanationItischallengingandtoughtoleadanacademiclife.TherearenolessonstodrawfromCarrollforshestartedheracademiccareerwhenshewasevenmorethanfortyyearsold.Unit7
OriginalThinkingQuestionsfordiscussion“Cyber-plagiarism”isthenewtermforstudentcopyingfromonlinewebsitesorpapermills,whichofferthousandsofreportsandtermpapersonalmostanytopic.Doyouhaveanysuggestionstotacklethisproblem?PlagiarismisconsideredaseriousoffenseintheUnitedStatesbutistreatedlessstrictlyinChina.Whatdoyouthinkarethereasons?Unit7
OriginalThinkingAnswersKeyReadingcomprehension★
1.D2.A3.C4.D5.C6.D7.C8.B9.D10.D
Vocabulary★A.1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.B7.D8.D9.B10.D★B.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.C6.C7.A8.D9.B10.ACloze★1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A6.B7.C8.A9.C10.DUnit7
OriginalThinkingAnswersKey
Translation
A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
抄袭是指在没有适当说明材料原始出处的情况下,引用别人的观点、信息、语言或者著作。抄袭行为的根本特点是一种欺骗的成分——试图将抄袭来的东西妄称为自己的原创。抄袭与侵害版权并非完全一回事,违反版权法才谈得上侵害版权。如大多数知识产权方面的术语一样,抄袭也是一个现代概念,不大适用于中世纪以及古代的著作。
Unit7
OriginalThinkingAnswersKey
Translation
B.Translatethefollowingsentencesusingtheexpressionsinthebrackets.
★1.Heputallhisheartintohisresearch;moneymadenodifferencetohim.
★2.Oneshouldnotseehimselfasthesaviorofthewholeteam.★3.Althoughhewasfifty,heoftenpassedhimselfoffasforty.Unit7
OriginalThinkingAnswersKey
★4.ShejoinedasororityshortlyafterherarrivalattheChicagoUniversity,notbecauseshehadalikingforsocialactivities,butbecauseshecouldhavemoreopportunitiesofpracticingEnglish.★5.Alongwiththreecolleagues,ProfessorLiworkeddayandnightinhopesofasolutiontothecrux.
Fastreading
★
1.A2.D3.A4.C5.A
Unit7
OriginalThinkingResourcesformoreinformation
★ShelleyAngelil-Carter.StolenLanguage?:plagiarisminwriting.NewYork:Longman.2000.★
AnnLathrop&KathleenFoss.StudentCheatingandPlagiarismintheInternetEra:awake-upcall.Englewood,Colo.:LibrariesUnlimited.2000.
★
EricCrump&NickCarbone.WritingOnline:astudent’sguidetotheInternetandworldwideweb.Boston:HoughtonMifflin.1998.★
ThomasMallon.StolenWords:foraysintotheoriginsandravagesofplagiarism.NewYork:Ticknor&Fields.1989.★
MarcelC.LaFollette.StealingintoPrint:fraud,plagiarism,andmisconductinscientificpublishing.Berkeley:UniversityofCarliforniaPress.1992.
MainMenuWritingSkillsWriting:ElectronicMailandMemo
I.ElectronicMail1.PurposeofE-mailThepurposeofE-mailistoprovideaconnectiontodiscussionforumsandcarriesroutine,day-to-daycommunicationaswell.
2.E-mailbenefits
(1)Unlikeconventionalmail,whichcantakedaystotravel,E-mailisfast.(2)Unlikeafaxnetwork,whichneedsshufflingpaper,dialingandahostofothersteps,E-mailisconvenient.
(3)Unlikethetelepnone,E-mailislessintrusi
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