外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 1 Lecture Notes

Unit1TheFunTheyHadSectionOnePre-readingActivitiesI.Lead-inActivity1.Lead-inWatchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatfilmgenredoyouthinkthemovieclipbelongsto?Whatmakesyouthinkso?Answerforreference(Hereafter,condensedas"A"):Thevideoclipistakenfromthemovie1Robot(00:03:12-00:05:05),adaptedfromIsaacAsimov's(theauthor's)RobotSeries.Itbelongstothesciencefictiongenre.Sciencefictiondealswithimaginarybutmoreorlessplausiblecontentsuchasfuturesettings,futuristicscienceandtechnology,spacetravel,aliens,andparanormalabilities.Asisindicatedinthemovie,thisstoryissetinChicagoin2035,androbotsareseeneverywhere,performingvariousduties,formanorinsteadofman.TalkinpairsaboutthedutiesTHEYareperforminginthemovie.Whiletalkingaboutthedutiestheyareperforming,trytousesuchphrasesas:domanythings,deliverpackages,walkdogs,collectgarbageintoatruck,escorttheir“masters”,carrybagsorpersonalbelongingsforthem,etc.AreyoufascinatedwiththeideaofhavingTHEMasaneverydayhouseholditem?A:Yes,ofcourse.Igetthrilledattheideaofhavingrobotsasaneverydayhouseholditem,sincetheycanserveuswonderfullywellwiththeirsuperpower.Activity2.Nowadays,robotsarereplacinghumansinmanyfields.Recently,akindofintelligentrobotnamed"XiaoShuai"hasbeenalltherage,whichisarobotwithintelligentbehaviorbyprovidingitwithaprocessingarchitecturethatwillallowittolearnandreasonabouthowtobehaveinresponsetocomplexgoals.Itissaidtobeagoodhelpforstudentstomastersongs,solvemathematicsquestions,learnEnglishetc..Theintelligentrobotmighttaketheplaceoftherealhumanteachers.Thereareconcernsabouttheincreasinguseofrobotsandtheirroleinsociety.Thefollowingquestionswillhelpyouthinkmoreabouttheissue.Whatarethedifferencesbetween“mechanicalteacher"and"humanteacher"?Whichonedoyouprefer?What'syouropinionaboutthecurrentteachingmodel?Areyouenjoyinghavinghumanteachersandstudyingtogether?Obviouslyourgreat-great-grandfathersweretaughtdifferentlyfromthewaywearetaught.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthehome-schoolwithaprivatetutorinancienttimes?(教学建议：学习者可自由选择问题，可小组讨论，也可进行辩论。)II.CulturalinformationQuoteWilliamShakespeare:Booksarethenutrientofthewholeworld.Alifewithoutbooksislikealifewithoutsunlight;wisdomwithoutbooksislikeawinglessbird.ScienceFictionSciencefictionisagenreoffiction.Itdiffersfromfantasyinthat,withinthecontextofthestory,itsimaginaryelementsarelargelypossiblewithinscientificallyestablishedorscientificallypostulatedlawsofnature(thoughsomeelementsinastorymightstillbepureimaginativespeculation).Sciencefictionislargelybasedonwritingrationallyaboutalternativepossibilities.Thesettingsforsciencefictionareoftencontrarytotheknownreality,butthemajorityofsciencefictionreliesonaconsiderabledegreeofsuspensionofdisbeliefprovidedbypotentialscientificexplanationstovariousfictionalelements.Thesemayinclude:!.Asettinginthefuture,inalternativetimelines,orinanhistoricalpastthatcontradictsknownfactsofhistoryorthearchaeologicalrecord;2.Asettinginouterspace,onotherworlds,orinvolvingaliens;3.Storiesthatinvolvetechnologyorscientificprinciplesthatcontradictknownlawsofnature;4.Storiesthatinvolvediscoveryorapplicationofnewscientificprinciples,suchastimetravelorpsionics,ornewtechnology,suchasnanotechnology,faster-than-lighttravelorrobots,orofnewanddifferentpoliticalorsocialsystems(e.g.,adystopia,orasituationwhereorganizedsocietyhascollapsed)May17—WorldInformationSocietyDayWorldInformationSocietyDaywasproclaimedtobeon17MaybyaUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyresolution,followingthe2005WorldSummitontheInformationSocietyinTunis.Thedayhadpreviouslybeenknownas*WorldTelecommunicationDay'tocommemoratethefoundingoftheInternationalTelecommunicationUnionon17May1865.(ITU:originallytheInternationalTelegraphUnionisaspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNationsthatisresponsibleforissuesthatconcerninformationandcommunicationtechnologies.TheITUcoordinatesthesharedglobaluseoftheradiospectrum,promotesinternationalcooperationinassigningsatelliteorbits,workstoimprovetelecommunicationinfrastructureinthedevelopingworld,andassistsinthedevelopmentandcoordinationofworldwidetechnicalstandards.)ItwasinstitutedbythePlenipotentiaryConferenceinMalaga-lbrremolinosin1973.ThemainobjectiveofthedayistoraiseglobalawarenessofsocietalchangesbroughtaboutbytheInternetandnewtechnologies.III.AudiovisualsupplementsWatchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.What'syourmostimpressivehelpthathumanbeingsgetfromthemachineinthecartoon?Whatdoesthelastpartofthevideoclipimply?What'syouropinionoftherolethatrobotsareplayinginoursociety?AnswerstotheQuestions:Thecaptaincangetalmostallkindsofinformationthatheneedsfromthecomputer.Andhealsocanmovetoanywherewiththehelpofthemachine.Whenhumanbeingsareusedtorelyingonthecomputertogettheinformationheneeds,theywillforgettherealbooks.Open.(Robotshavereplacedhumansinperformingrepetitiveanddangeroustaskswhichhumansprefernottodo,orareunabletodobecauseofsizelimitations,orwhichtakeplaceinextremeenvironmentssuchasouterspaceorthebottomofthesea.Thereareconcernsabouttheincreasinguseofrobotsandtheirroleinsociety.Robotsareblamedforrisingtechnologicalunemploymentastheyreplaceworkersinincreasingnumbersoffunctions.Theuseofrobotsinmilitarycombatraisesethicalconcerns.Thepossibilitiesofrobotautonomyandpotentialrepercussionsmaybearealisticconcerninthefuture.)VideoScriptVideo:Greetingsandcongratulations,Captain.Ifyouareseeingthis,thatmeansyourExtraterrestrialVegetationEvaluator,orEVEprobe,hasreturnedfromEarthwithaconjirmedspecimenofongoingphotosynthesis.Thatsright.Itmeansitstimetogohackhome.Captain:Home?We'regoinghack?Video:NowthatEarthhasbeenrestoredtoalife-sustainingstatusbygolly,wecanbeginOperationRecolonize.Simplyfallowthismanualsinstructionstoplacetheplantinyourshipsholo-detectorandtheAxiomwillimmediatelynavigateyourreturntoEarth.Itsthateasy.Captain:Huh!Video:Now,duetotheeffectsofmicrogravity,youandyourpassengersmayhavesufferedsomeslightboneloss.ButIwsureafewlapsaroundtheshipsjoggingtrackwillgetyoubackinshapeinnotime.Captain:Wehaveajoggingtrack?Video:Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,justconsultyouroperationmanual.Seeyoubackhomerealsoon.Captain:Uh...Manuel,relayinstructions.Manuel?...Wow!Willyoulookatthat?SectionTwoGlobalReadingI.MainideaWhatdoesthenarrativetellus?ThetexttellsusthatMargie,agirlwhoisaged11in2157,alwayshatesschoolbecauseherteacherisamechanicaloneandshehastolearnatregularhoursandputherhomeworkandtestpapersintoaslotinthemachine.Italsotellsushowenvioussheisofthechildrenwhostudiedtogether,experiencedgreatfun,andhadhumanteachersabouttwohundredyearsearlier.2.Whatwastheschoollifelike200yearsago?Let'scomparetheschoollifeinthe2157andthatinthe195O'§.ItemstobecomparedSchoollifeinthe2157SchoollifetwohundredyearsagoSchoolroomrightnexttoMargie'sbedroomclassroomintheschoolTeachermechanicalteacherhumanbeingClassmatenoclassmatehavingpeersTextbookstelevisionscreenprintedbooksStudytasksfinishingbyherselfandinsertingitstudentshelpingeachotherintheslotSchoolactivitieslearningatregularhoursandwritinghomeworkandtestpapersinapunchcodelaughingandshoutingintheschoolyard;sittingtogetherintheschoolroom;learningthesamethings;helpingoneanotheronthehomeworkandtalkingaboutitMargie5sfeelinghatingschoolandhatingitmorethaneverenviousofthefuntheyhadStructuralanalysisHowisthestoryorganizedanddeveloped?Thestoryismostlyarrangedinachronologicalorder,withtheexceptionofthebeginning,wherethelasteventofthateventfuldayisrecorded,andwithaflashbackunfoldinginthenearmiddleofthestory.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)Mainidea1Itservesasthebackgroundofthestory.2-30Ittellsusaconversationbetweenthetwoleadingcharacters,MargieandTommy,runningthroughmostofit.31-35Ittellsussomethingabouttheschoolroom,themechanicalteacher,andMargie'sthoughts.Italsorevealsindirectlyhowchildreninthedistantfuturedislikeschoolwithamechanicalteacheronlyandhowtheywishtohavehumanteachersteachingthem.SectionThreeDetailedReadingTextITheFunTheyHadIssacAsimovMargieevenwroteaboutitthatnightinherdiary.OnthepageheadedMay17,2157,shewrote,"TodayTommyfoundarealbook!^^Itwasaveryoldbook.Margie'sgrandfatheroncesaidthatwhenhewasalittleboyhisgrandfathertoldhimthattherewasatimewhenallstorieswereprintedonpaper.Theyturnedthepages,whichwereyellowandcrinkly,anditwasawfullyfunnytoreadwordsIhalstoodstillinsleadofmovingihewayiheyweresupposedloonascreen,youknow.Andthen,whentheyturnedbacktothepagebefore,ithadthesamewordsonitthatithadhadwhentheyreaditthefirsttime.“Gee,"saidTommy,i4whatawaste!Whenyou'rethroughwiththebook,youjustthrowitaway,Iguess.Ourtelevisionscreenmusthaveamillionbooksonitandit'sgoodforplentymore.Iwouldn'tthrowitaway.”“Samewithmine,"saidMargie.Shewaselevenandhadn'tseenasmanytelebooksasTommyhad.Hewasthirteen.Shesaid,“Wheredid you findit?”“InmyhouseJhepointedwithoutlookingbecausehewasbusyreading.44Inthe“What'sitabout?”“School.”Margiewasscornful. ^School?What'stheretowriteaboutschool?Ihateschool/'Margiealwayshatedschool,butnowshehateditmorethanever.ThemechanicalteacherhadbeengivinghertestaftertestingeographyandshehadbeendoingworseandworseuntilhermotherhadshakenherheadsorrowfullyandsentfortheCountyInspector.Hewasaroundlittlemanwitharedfaceandawholeboxoftoolswithdialsandwires.HesmiledatMargieandgaveheranapple,thenlookihcteacherapart.Margiehadhopedhewouldn'tknowhowtoputittogetheragain,butheknewhowallright,and,afteranhourorso,thereitwasagain,largeandblackandugly,withabigscreenonwhichallthelessonswereshownandthequestionswereasked.Thatwasn'tsobad.ThepartMargiehatedmostwastheslotwhereshehadtoputhomeworkandtestpapers.Shealwayshadtowritethemoutinapunchcodetheymadeherlearnwhenshewassixyearsold,andthemechanicalteachercalculatedthemarkinnotime.Margiewasdisappointed.Shehadbeenhopingtheywouldtaketheteacherawayaltogether.SoshesaidtoTommy,“Whywouldanyonewriteaboutschool?^^Tommylookedatherwithverysuperioreyes,“Becauseit'snotourkindofschool,stupid.Thisistheoldkindofschoolthattheyhadhundredsandhundredsofyearsago."Headdedloftily,pronouncingthewordcarefully,^Centuriesago.”Margiewashurt."Well,Idon'tknowwhatkindofschooltheyhadallthattimeago.”Shereadthebookoverhisshoulderforawhile,andthensaid,“Anyway,theyhadateacher.”“Suretheyhadateacher,butitwasn'taregularteacher.Itwasaman.”“Aman?Howcouldamanbeateacher?”“Well,hejusttoldtheboysandgirlsthingsandgavethemhomeworkandaskedthemquestions/'“Amanisn'tsmartenough.”“Sureheis.Myfatherknowsasmuchasmyteacher.MMargiewasn'tpreparedtodisputethat.Shesaid,“Iwouldn'twantastrangemaninmyhousetoteachme.”Tommyscreamedwithlaughter."Youdon'tknowmuch,Margie.Theteachersdidn'tliveinthehouse.Theyhadaspecialbuildingandallthekidswentthere/,“Andallthekidslearnedthesamething?^^“Sure,iftheywerethesameage.”“Butmymothersaysateacherhastobeadjustedtofitthemindsofeachboyandgirlitteachesandthateachkidhastobetaughtdifferently.”Theyweren'tevenhalf-finishedwhenMargie'smothercalled,4€Margie!School!,5Margielookedup."Notyet,Mamma.”"Now!"saidMrs.Jones.44AndifsprobablytimeforTommy,too.”MargiesaidtoTommy,t4CanIreadthebooksomemorewithyouafterschool?”“Maybe,“hesaidnonchalantly.Hewalkedawaywhistling,(hedustyoldbookluckedbeneathhisarm.Margiewentintotheschoolroom.Itwasrightnexttoherbedroom,andthemechanicalteacherwasonandwaitingforher.ItwasalwaysonatthesametimeeverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,becausehermothersaidlittlegirlslearnedbetteriftheylearnedatregularhours.Thescreenwaslitup,anditsaid:"Today'sarithmeticlessonisontheadditionofproperfractions.Pleaseinsertyesterday'shomeworkintheproperslot.”Margiedidsowithasigh.Shewasthinkingabouttheoldschooltheyhadwhenhergrandfather'sgrandfatherwasalittleboy.Allthekidsfromthewholeneighborhoodcame,laughingandshoutingintheschoolyard,sittingtogetherintheschoolroom,goinghometogetherattheendoftheday.Theylearnedthesamethings,sotheycouldhelponeanotheronthehomeworkandtalkaboutit.Andtheteacherswerepeople.Margiewasthinkingabouthowthekidsmusthaveloveditintheolddays.Shewasthinkingaboutthefuntheyhad.Paragraph1QuestionsWhydidMargieputadjective“real”before“book”?Whatisemphasizedhere?(Margiewroteitisa"real”bookbecauseMargieisagirlwholivesintheyearof2157.ThebooksMargiereadsaretelebookswhicharequitedifferentfromthetraditionalpaperbooks,soMargieput"real"before"book"toshowsheissurprisedandcuriousaboutthetraditionalbook.Herfeelingsofbeingsurprisedisemphasizedhere.)Whatwritingskillhasbeenusedinthetext?Thewritingskilltheauthorhasusedhereis“comparison”.TheauthorhascomparedMargie'sattitudestowardthe“realbook,,whichisthesymbolofoldschool.Atthebeginning,Margieisscornfulanddoubtfulabouttheoldbookandschool.Butfinallysheisenviousoftheoldbookandschool.WordsandExpressions1.head.vt.tobeatthefrontortopofsomethinge.g.ThechapterwasheadedMyEarlyLife.这一章的标题是“我早年的生活TheQueen'scarriageheadedtheprocession.tobeinchargeofagroupororganizatione.g.SheheadsoneofBritain*sleadingtravelfirms.她是英国一家主要的旅游公司的领导人。Synonym:lead辨析:head,entitle,tag,label(补充，初步感受近义词的微妙区别,提升语感，又扩大词汇量°)head:ifapageisheadedwithaparticularname,title,image,etc.ithasitonthetope.g.ThepagewasheadedExpenses:entitle:togiveatitletoabooke.g.Hislatestnovel,entitled“TheForgottenSex”,isoutthisweek.tag:ifyoutagsomething,youattachsomethingtoitormarkitsothatitcanbeidentifiedlatere.g.Let'stagthedisksnoworelsewewillforgetwhichiswhich.label:touseawordorphrasetodescribesomeoneorsomething,butoftenunfairlyorincorrectlye.g.Ifyouspendanytimeinprison,youwilllabeledasacriminalfortherestofyourlife.Paragraphs2-30Questions:Whatisthefunctionofthefirstsentence—**Itwasaveryoldbook”-inParagraph2?Theword"booK'servesasaconnectinglinkbetweentheprecedingandthefollowing,thusthesentenceechoesthelastsentenceinParagraph1—**TodayTommyfoundarealbook"."book"isrepeatedinthesetwosentences,markingthecohesionofthetwoparagraphs.(文本第一段和第二段之间有承上启下的逻辑关系。第一段的结尾是shewrote,''TodayTommyfoundarealbook!”第二段开头是Itwasaveryoldbook.第二段开头直接重复上句的book,暗示上下文的相关性，上段说realbook表达惊讶之情，下段说oldbook对书进行真实描述，上下文实现了无缝对接。)Whatistheconversationconcernedwith?Averyoldbookabouttheoldkindofschoolwithhumanteachersthatexistedabouttwocenturiesago.WhatisTommy'sattitudetowardsthe“realbook"?DoesMargieagreewithhim?(para.4)Tommythinkstherealbookisawasteandhewouldthrowitaway.Margieagreeswithhim.拓展提问：Canweomit“real"here?回答：Wecan'tomit"real"herebecause“real"showsMargie'sfeelingofbeingsurprised.Margieisagirlwholivesintheyearof2157.ThebooksMargiereadsaretelebookswhicharequitedifferentfromthetraditionalpaperbooks,soMargieput“real"before"book"toshowsheissurprisedandcuriousaboutthetraditionalbook.更多例子：Sheiswearingtherealpearlnecklace.toshowthefeelingofsurprisebecausethepearlnecklacesheusedtowearisfake;toshowthepearlnecklaceisvaluable.Howmanytimes“hate”isusedinthepassage?Listthem.“Hate"hasbeenusedforthreetimes.Para.10:Margiewasscornful.fcfcSchool?What'stheretowriteaboutschool?Ihateschool.”Para.11:Margiealwayshatedschool,butnowshehateditmorethanever.Para.12:ThepartMargiehatedmostwastheslotwhereshehadtoputhomeworkandtestpapers.WhydoesMargiehateschool?(Paragraph13)Becauselearningwiththehelpofamachineteacherisbothboringandfullofpressure.WhatmakesMargiebedisappointed?(Paragraph13)Margiewasdisappointedtoknowthatthemechanichadmadethemechanicalteacherworkagain.Asitismentionedinparagraph12,thelittleroundman,themechaniccanrepairthemechanicalteacher,whichmakesMargiehavetosufferfromthequestionsandhomeworktheteacherhasforher.WhatmakesTommylookatMargiewithsuperioreyesandcallherstupid?(Para.14)TommyisthirteenwhileMargieiseleven.Tommyreadmoretelebooksthanherandknewmoreabouttheschoolinthepast,whichmakeshimfeelsuperior.ReadingnotsomanyasTommydidmakesMargieknowlittleabouttheschoolpeoplehadinthepast.Therefore,Tommythinksherquestionisstupid.WhydoesMargiethinkitisimpossibleforamantobeateacher?(Para.17)AtthetimeMargielives,schoolhaschangedalotfromtheoneinthepast.Schoolathertimeistheonewithstudentstudyingathomealone,withnoclassroombutjustaso-calledschoolroom(Paragraph31)athome,withnohumanteacherbutmechanicalteacher.Margiehasnoexperienceintheoldschoolandreadsnobooksaboutit,therefore,itisimpossibleforhertounderstandhowcouldamanbeateacheralthoughshe'sbeeneleven.WhydoesTommyscreamwithlaughter?(Para.22)Themoretheytalk,themoreTommyfoundthatMargieknowsnothingabouttheschoolinthepast.Hecannothelplaughingatherignoranceoftheschoolinthepast.WordsandExpressionscrinkly:adj.havingmanythinfoldsorwrinkles;curlye.g.Thepagesofthebookareyellowandcrinklyasaresultoflongage.Derivation:Crinklevt./n.Synonyms:wrinkledadj.besupposedto:tohaveto;tohaveadutyoraresponsibilitytoe.g.Theyweresupposedtobehereanhourago.他们应该在一小时以前到达这里。Whatareyoudoingoutofbed?YouYesupposedtobeasleep.You'renotsupposed(=allowed)toparkhere.tobeintendedtoe.g.Thesebatteriesaresupposedtolastforayear.这些电池应该可以用上一年。Weweresupposedtohavegoneawaythisweek,butDebbie*sillsowecouldn'tgo.Synonyms:oughtto,shouldplenty:n./pron.(\hestateofhaving)enoughormorethanenough,oralargeamounte.g.AsIhadplentyofmoneyIwasabletohelpher.我有很多钱，所以能帮助她。Ifalawyerhasplentyofclients,hegrowsrich.律师如果有大量的诉讼委托人，就会财源不断。Agrowingchildneedsplentyofsleep.正发育的孩子必须有充足的睡眠。"Wouldyoulikesomemorewine?”"Nothanks,I'vehadplenty.**adv.asmuchasnecessarye.g.Thiscarcostmeplenty(=alotofmoney).There'splentymorebeerinthefridge.Synonym:enoughadv.Collocations:plentymore还有很多，大量的；inplenty很多；处于优裕环境之中,，(过)优裕的生活scornful:adj.showingcontemptordisrespectfore.g.Hefelthumiliatedbyherscornfulremarks.他因为听到她那些嘲讽的话而感到屈辱。Hegaveascornfullaughatmyproposal.他对我的建议轻蔑地一笑。Synonyms:contemptuous,disdainfulCollocation:bescornfulofe.g.Heisscornfulofthegreedofothers.他看不惯别人的贪心。辨析：scornful,proud,sorrowful,afraidscornful:ifyouarescornfulofsomeoneorsomething,youshowcontemptfortheme.g.Heisdeeplyscornfulofud:feelingpleasedaboutsomethingthatyouhavedoneorsomethingthatyouown,oraboutsomeoneorsomethingyouareinvolvedwithorine.g.Herparentsareveryproudofher.sorrowful:verysade.g.Withasorrowfulsighshefoldedtheletterandputitaway.afraid:ifyouareafraidofsomeoneorafraidtodosomething,youarefrightenedbecauseyouthinkthatsomethingveryunpleasantisgoingtohappentoyoue.g.Iwasafraidoftheotherboys.mechanical:adj.oformoved,worked,orproducedbymachinerye.g.Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.那种新汽车因有机械缺陷只好撤出市场。withoutthinkingaboutwhatyouaredoing,especiallybecauseyoudosomethingoftene.g.Hewasaskedthesamequestionsomanytimesthattheanswerbecamemechanical.同样的问题人们问得太多了，所以他的答案也是千篇一律。Iwastaughttoreadinamechanicalway.Derivation:machinen.7.sendfor:asksb.torequestsb.elsetocomee.g.Thechildisrunningahighfever.Wemustsendforadoctoratonce.孩子在发高烧，我们必须马上派人去请医生。ThereissomethingwrongwiththeTV.Youhavetosendforsomeonetorepairit.电视机坏了，你必须请人来修理。Synonym:callslot:n.alongnarrowhole,especiallyonefbrputtingcoinsintoorforfittingaseparatepieceintoe.g.Pickupthereceiveranddepositacoinintheslot.拿起听筒之后，放一个硬币在这个小口子里。Iputmymoneyintheslotandpressedthebuttonbutnothingcameout.innotime:veryquicklyorverysoone.g.It'sallreadyand1*11getyousomethingtoeatinnotime都准备好了，我马上给你们弄点吃的。We'llhavethatleakfixedinnotime.Synonyms:quickly,soonsuperior:adj.betterthanaverageorbetterthanotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype;higherinrankorsocialpositionthanotherse.g.I'llreportyoutoyoursuperiorofficer!我要把你的情况报告给你的上司！Thisisclearlytheworkofasuperiorartist.这显然是出自一位优秀的艺术家之手的作品。n.apersonorgroupofpeoplewhoarehigherinrankorsocialpositionthanotherse.g.Healwaysdoeswhathissuperiortellshim.他总是听从上级的命令。Iwillpassyourcomplaintontomysuperior.Derivation:Superiorityn.Antonym:inferiorCollocation:besuperiorto:bebetterthanorbeofhigherpositionthane.g.Forallbabies,breastfeedingisfarsuperiortobottle-feeding.对于所有的婴儿来说，母乳喂养远胜于牛奶喂养.regular:adj.happeningordoingsomethingoftene.g.Iamaregularreaderofthisnewspaper.我是这份报纸的长期读者。TopfootballersmakeregularappearancesonTV.2)usualorordinarye.g.Hehasveryregularfeatures.他五官端正。Herregularsecretarywasoffsickforaweek.Icouldn'tseemyregulardentist.Derivation:regularityn.Synonyms:even;often;ordinary12.disputel)vz./vt.Toargueaboutsth.esp.angrilyandforalongtimee.g.Theyaredisputingabouttherightsandwrongsofthecase.他们正在激烈争论这个事件的是非曲直。Thequestionwashotlydisputedamongthesescholars.Collocations:disputeaboutdisputeoverSynonyms:argue,debaten.anargumentordisagreement,especiallyanofficialonebetween,fbrexample,workersandemployersortwocountrieswithacommonbordere.g.It'samatterofdisputewhethertheydidtherightthing.他们做得对还是不对，这是有争议的。Thetwocountriesareinvolvedinaborderdispute.Theyhavebeenunabletosettle/resolvethedisputeoverworkingconditions.Collocations:beyond(all)dispute:certainlye.g.HeisbeyondalldisputethefinestactorinHollywoodtoday.indispute:beingdoubtede.g.Idon'tthinkherabilityisindispute.WhatIquestionisherattitude.opentodispute:notcertaine.g.Hesaysit'sthebestmusicalequipmentyoucanbuy,butIthinkthat'sopentodispute.Synonyms:argument,difference13.adjust:vt./vi..tochangesomethingslightly,especiallytomakeitmorecorrect,effective,orsuitablee.g.Thiskindofdeskcanbeadjustedtotheheightyouneed.这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。Overtheyears,wealllearnedtoadjust,tobecomemorecomfortablewitheachother,andtoadapttoournewfamilyarrangement.年复一年，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了彼此宽容，学会了适应我们新的家庭规则。2)v/./vf.toarrangeyourclothingtomakeyourselflooktidye.g.Sheadjustedherskirt,tookadeepbreathandwalkedintotheroom.vZ.tobecomemorefamiliarwithanewsituatione.g.Hecan'tadjusthimselftothebusylifeinthisbigcity.他无法适应这个大都市忙碌的生活。Ican'tadjustmyselftolivingonmyown.Hereyesareslowlyadjustedtothedark.Synonym:adaptDerivation:adjustablenonchalantly:adv.behavingcalmlyandnotseeminginterestedinanythingorworriedaboutanythinge.g.Hewasleaningnonchalantlyagainstthewall.他漫不经心地斜倚着墙Derivation:nonchalantadj.Synonymy:indifferently-havingnointerestinsb/sth.“nonchalantly“differsfrom“indifferently“inthattheformerimplies"calm”and"relaxed”,whichreflectsTommy'smentalstate:hebehavescalmlyanddoesnotseeminterestedinthebook(incontrarytoMargie'ssurpriseandcuriosity).Thus,theword“nonchalantly“echoeswellwith“superior“inpara.14and“whistling“inpara.30.tuck:vt.putsomethingintoasafeorconvenientplacee.g.Tuckyourglovesinyourpocketsothatyouwon'tlosethem.把你的手套放进口袋里以免弄丢了。Shehadadolltuckedunderherarm.她腋下夹着一只布娃娃。EventuallyIfoundthecertificatetuckedunderapileofoldletters.Collocation:tucksb.in:tomakesomeonecomfortableintheirbed,especiallyachild,byarrangingthecoversroundtheme.g.HewasasleepbeforeItuckedhimin.我还没来得及给他盖好被子，他就睡着了。Activity:StoryRetellingDirection:RetellthestoryfromParagraphs1-30byusingthefollowingwords.head,crinkly,besupposedto,plenty,scornful,mechanical,sendfor,innotime,superior,regular,dispute,adjust,tuckSentences:Theyturnedthepages,whichwereyellowandcrinkly,anditwasawfullyfunnytoreadwordsthatstoodstillinsteadofmovingthewaytheyweresupposedto-onascreen,youknow.(Paragraph3)Explanation'.Tomodifyverbs,weusuallyuseadverbs.Butwithcertainverbs,adjectivescanbeused.Thisaimstodescribethesubjectofthesentence,nottheaction.Verbsofthiskindarebe,seem,appear,look,go,sound,taste,feel,smell,stand,etc.Paraphrase.Thekidsopenedtheyellowandcrinklybook,andfounditveryinterestingthatallthewordsaremotionless,quitecontrarytowhattheywereexpectedto-onascreen,youknow.Translation.孩子们翻动泛黄卷角的书页，惊讶地发现那些字都是静止不动的，这和他们在屏幕上看到的文字大不相同，这真有意思。(译文有改动)...itwasawfullyfunnytoreadwordsthatstoodstill...(Para.3)(补充，修辞是理解文本内涵的一种有效途径)standstill为押头韵的修辞手法，读起来有韵律感。更多例子：PrideandPrejudiceSenseandSensibility.Practicemakesperfect.HesmiledatMargieandgaveheranapple,thentookth