高考英语一轮复习知识点教案：复合句

复合句概念：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能做句子的一个成分。从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的从句。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。一、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句四种。(从属连词：用来连接主句和从句的连词称为从属连词)从属连接词：that/whether/if不充当从句的任何成分连词连接代词：who/whom/whose、what、which当主/宾/表/定语(标签)连接副词：when/where/how/why充当从句的状语主语从句由连接词引导eg:Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotyetknown.由连接代词引导eg:Whowillgoisnotimportant.Whatweneedismorepractice.由连接副词引导eg:Wherethemeetingwillbeheldhasn’tbeendecided.Whenhewillreturnisanimportantquestion.另外也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语放句子后面eg:It’sapitythatshehasmadesuchafoolishmistake.It’sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledinthetrafficaccident.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.表语从句由连接词引导eg:Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.由连接代词引导eg:Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.由连接副词引导eg:Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.表语从句还可以由asif/asthough/as/because来引导eg:Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.It’sbecauseyoueattoomuch.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、形容词的宾语。IthinkthatwatchingTVtoomuchisbadforpeople’shealth.Iwonderifyoucandomeafavour.Iwonderwhyherefusedmyinvitation.Heaskedmewhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.Idon’tknowwhichschoolheisin.Theteacherispleasedwithwhathehassaid.IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyEnglish.I’mafraidthatIcan’tacceptyourinvitation.Wearegladthatourfootballteamhaswonthematch.另外也可以用it作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正宾语放句子后面eg:Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforadvice.同位语从句同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词如：fact/news/idea/thought/advice/suggestion/truth/hope/problem/question/information/order/belief/doubt/fear等的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。eg:ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.名词性从句需注意的几个问题名词性从句用陈述语气eg:Idon’tknowwherehehasgone.名词性从句中的宾语从句其引导词that可以省略eg:Ithink(that)watchingTVtoomuchisbadforpeople’shealth.名词性从句中的宾语从句为介宾时，不用which引导，而用what引导而用what引导。eg:Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?用whether而不用if表“是否”的情况用来引导主语从句放句首eg:Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tdecidedyet.用来引导表语从句和同位从句eg:Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.eg:Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.作介词宾语，介词有时可以省略eg:Italldepends(on)whethertheywillsupportus.后面直接跟不定式时eg:Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.后面跟ornoteg:Wedidn’tknowwhethershewasreadyornot.定语从句定语从句起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。从属关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/that/as当主/宾/定语连词关系副词：when/where/why充当从句的状语1、先行词为人时，从属连词在句中作主语：who/that作宾语：whom/that/who(可省略)eg:Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedme.Thedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingforisintheroom.2、先行词为物时，从属连词在句中作主语：which/that作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.Thisisthebook(which/that)youneed.3、先行词为时间时，从属连词在句中作状语：when作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Liu.Iwillneverforgettheday(which/that)wespenttogether.4、先行词为地点时，从属连词在句中作状语：where作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastweek.5、先行词为原因时，从属连词在句中作状语：why作宾语：which/that(可省略)eg:Idon’tknowthereasonwhyyouwereabsentfromthemeeting,butI’msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason(which/that)youhaven’ttoldme.6、从属连词whose，其先行词既可为人也可为物，在从句中作定语eg:Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.7、关系代词选用that而不用which或who的情况先行词既有人又有物eg:Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.②当主句以which或who开头时，定语从句用that引导以避免重复eg:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow.③先行词是不定代词all/few/little/much/something/anything/nothing等eg:Allthatwehavetodoistopractisemore.④先行词被all/anysome/few/little/every/no等修饰时eg:Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.⑤先行词被theonly/thevery/thesame/thelast/just等修饰时eg:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑥先行词是系数词或形容词最高级或者被它们修饰时eg:ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.⑦当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时eg:Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.8、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句是有含义区别的eg:ShehastwosonswhoarePLAman.限制性定语从句她有两个当解放军的儿子。(她可能还有其它的儿子但不当解放军)Shehastwosons,whoarePLAman.非限制性定语从句她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。(她有且只有两个儿子)非限制性定语从句与主句之间一般用逗号隔开，而限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导，一般用which或as来引导。非限制性定语从句的引导词which有时指代前面的整个句子。eg:HegavehismotheracolourTVsetforherbirthday,whichpleasedheralot.9、由that引导的定语从句与由that引导的同位语从句eg:ThetrainthathasjustleftisforBeijing.Thetruththattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.先行词是具体的名词或代词还是抽象名词作用：是修饰限定(……的)还是补充说明(具体内容)that在从句中是否充当成分：定语从句中有，同位语从句中无that是否可以省略：定语从句中作宾语可以省略，同位语从句中不能省略。10、as与which的区别引导非限制性定语从句，which只放句中，as可放句首或句中as常与前面thesame、such等呼应使用eg:Suchpeopleasyoudiscribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。as有“正如”、“就像”的意思而which没有eg:asitissaidaboveasitis11、分隔定语从句：一般来讲定语从句要紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开称为分隔定语从句。eg:ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.ThedaysaregoneforeverwhenChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.12、定语从句中关系代词、关系副词在从句中充当一个成分，因此，使用时要注意避免句子成分的重复出现。eg:Letmehavealookatthedictionarythatyouboughtityesterday.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago.句中的where=inwhich(关系副词=关系代词+介词)状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、比较状语从句共九种。时间状语从句时间状语从句常用when/while/as/after/before/since/until/assoonas等来引导，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。eg:IwillgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.Wewillwaituntilthedoctorcomes.①when/while/as表示“当……的时候”eg:IwilltellheraboutthatwhenIseeher.Ashewalkedalongthestreet,hesanghappily.assoonas/themoment/immediately/directly/instantly表示““一……就”eg:IwilltellyouassoonasIknow.③hardly…when…/nosooner…than…表示“刚……就”主句用haddone,从句用did,主句常用倒装eg:HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.地点状语从句：注意与定语从句区分Ishallgowhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.地点状语从句Ishallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult.定语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句常用because/since/now(that)/as/for等来引导eg:Sincethetwochildrenwerebroughtupinthesouth,theyhaveneverseensnow.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcangoonwithyourwork.Asitisgettingverylate,wehavetogohome.Ashedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,heoftentookadictionarywithhim.Wemuststartearly,forwehavealongwaytogo.以下几种情况只能用becarse回答why提出的问题；用来引导表语从句；eg:Hedidn’tspeaktoyou,itwasbecausehedidn’trecognizeyou.用在强调原因状语从句的强调句中；当从属连词前有only/just/simply等修饰时：eg:Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.because+句子注意becauseof+名词或短语区别结果状语从句结果状语从句常用sothat/so…that…/such…that…等来引导so+adj./adv.+a/an+n.(单)+thatsuch+a/an+adj./adv.+n.(单)+thatsuch+adj./adv.+n.(复/不可数)+thateg:It’ssoheavyaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.It’ssuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.名词前有表示数量多少的形容词few/afew/little/alittle/many/much等修饰时，用so而不用such，但注意little有时表示的是“小”eg：Suchalittleanimaleatsomuchfood.其中little表示的是“小”条件状语从句条件状语从句常用if/unless/as(so)longas/onconditionthat/providedthat等来引导。可分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句两种。真实条件状语从句：假设的情况有可能发生的条件状语从句，主句一般用将来时，从句一般用现在时且要用陈述语气。eg:WewillcomeovertoseeyouonWednesdayifwehavetime.非真实条件状语从句：假设的情况发生的可能性不大或完全是一种空想的条件状语从句，从句中使用虚拟语气。eg:Ifwehadhadmoretimeyesterday,wecouldhavedonethework.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用so(使得)/that(以便)/sothat(为了)/incase(以免)/lest(以防)/inorderthat等来引导，从句中常有may/might/can/could/should等情态动词。eg:Iwilltakearaincoatwithmeincaseitrains.方式状语从句方式状语从句常用as/justas/asif/asthough等来引导。eg:Themancarriedtheboxawayashew