虚拟语气精讲精练及

虚假语气精讲精练及答案虚假语气精讲精练及答案PAGE41虚假语气精讲精练及答案。虚假语气总览英语中的三种语气英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚假语气。陈述语气用来表达事实，有必然、否定、咨询和痛惜等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出央求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虚假语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、梦想、建议、央求、命令或猜想，有时可是说话者的主观梦想，或表达他/她的强烈感情，谓语动词用特别形式。非真实条件句的虚假语气条件从句主句haddonewould/should/might/could/ough过去ttohavedonedid（be用were）would/should/might/could/ough此刻ttodo1、didwould/should/might/could/ough将来2、shoulddottodo3、weretodo妙计主句中五个虚假引导词：MSCOW(奶牛女士)：might,should,could,oughtto,would1.与过去事实相反1).IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyouwant.2).Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.3).Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.4).Wewouldn’thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.5).Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.6).IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.7).Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.8).Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.9).Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhavepassedthefinalexamination.10).Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.2.2.与此刻事实相反1).IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.2).Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.。1。3).IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.4).Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.5).IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.6).IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyalargehouse.7).IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.8).IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.9).Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.10).IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.11).IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.(痛惜我不知道)12).Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.(实质上地球引力向来存在。)13).IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.(实质上我确实不知道，所以必然不能够告诉你。)14).IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.15).Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.16).Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?17).Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.18).Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.19).Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.(若是想象能成为马匹，乞丐们都有了坐骑。)20).Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.(若是生活中没了困难，就会过于平凡。)2.3.与将来事实相反1).Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.2).Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.(注意：对将来虚假的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大，shoulddo中等，weretodo最小。如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用wereto最合适。)3).IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.4).Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeontheearth.5).IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.6).Ifitshould(wereto)rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.7).Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.(若是今晚错过了这场电影，你会遗憾的。实质上，你不会错过。)8).IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.9).Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindabouttheplace.。2。10).Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.(若是事情能被做两次，人人都会变得理智。)2.4.混杂型1).Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.(过去→此刻)2).Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.(过去→此刻)3).Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.(过去→此刻)4).Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchairmannow.(过去→此刻)5).IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.(过去→将来)6).Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.(此刻→将来)7).Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.(过去→此刻)8).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(此刻→过去)9).Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(过去→此刻)10).Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldn’tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(过去→过去→此刻)5.if的省略与条件句的倒装1).WereIyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.2).Wereshehere,shewouldsupportus.3).Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.4).Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.(若是人人都是天使，政府就没有必要了。)5).Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.6).Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.7).HadItime,Iwouldcome.(本句中had是实意动词，而非主动词。)8).HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfromhappening.9).Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheynotwastedtheirvaluabletime.10).Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.11).Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.12).Wewouldgonetoyourbirthdaypartyhadyouinvitedus.。3。13.Iwouldgoshoulditbenecessary.14).WhatwouldhavehappenedhadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?15).Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.16).Wereitnotforwater,noplantcouldgrow.(注：例句8、9知点“二→6→B→a”。)17).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials,theystandequalbeforethelaw.(Whethertheybe⋯)18).Betheweatherwhatitmay,Iwillleavetomorrow.(Whethertheweatherbewhatitmay,⋯)(注：例句13、14知点“八→5”。)注意：在一构中，若条件句否定句，not被放在主此后，而不能够写成weren’t,shouldn’t或hadn’t而置于居首。如例15，16。2.6.委宛型：A.with：“若是有，若是有”，表示与在事相反的假。1).Withyourhelp,wewouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.(若是有你的帮助，我早就解出道了。上你没有帮助我，我也没有解出道。)2).Withalittleasssistance,Alexanderwouldhavesucceeded.3).Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.B.a.without/butfor/ifitwerenotfor(wereitnotfor)/ifithadn’tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)/intheabsenceof+Sb./Sth.b.butthat+句子；注意:a.b.都表示“要不是，若非，若是没有,若是不是”,表示与在事相反的假。1).Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.2).Withouttheprogrammer(程序制人),thecomputerwouldbeuseless.3).Withoutsunshine,nothingcouldgrowonearth.4).Withoutwaterorair,nothingcouldlive.5).Withoutcontradictionnothingcouldexist.(没有矛盾，就没有世界)6).Withouthim,wewouldhavefailed.7).Withoutthedifficulieswewouldnotknowgreatmen’stoughness.(若是没有困，我就不会认识人的性格。)8).Iwouldnevermakeitwithoutthehavitsoforderanddiligence.(若是没有循序渐进和勤的，我就不会成功。)9).Withoutchallenges,ObamawouldneverhavebeenPresidentoftheUnitedStates.10).Withoutsteel,therewouldbenomodernindustry.(没有，就。4。没有代工。)11).Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.12).Butforyourtimelyrescue,theboywouldhavedrowned.13).Butforfriction,peoplecouldneitherwalk,norevenstandup.(注：以上例句1-13without,butfor都可互，并可替intheabsenceof;若是在或将来的虚，可用Ifitwerenotfor替；若是去的虚可用Ifithadnotbeenfor来替。)14).Butthathesawit,hecouldnothavebelievedit.15).ThelittlegirlwouldhavefallenintotheriverbutthatthePLAmancaughther.16).Butthatyoudidn’tletmetakethatcupofteaIwouldhavebeenposionedtodeath.17).Shewouldhavecometoseeyouthatdaybutthatshewasill.(=Butforherillness)18).Butthatitsnowedheavily,theycouldhavearrivedthereearlier.(=Butfortheheavysnow,⋯)19).Shewouldhaveboughtthebookbutthatshehadnomoneythen.20).Ifitweren’tformyjob,Iwouldcomewithyou.21).Ifitwerenotforhiswife’smoneyhewouldneverbeamayor.22).Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor’scare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.23).Ifithadnotbeenforyou,Icouldnothaveworkedouttheproblem.C.or,orelse,otherwise；1).Ididn’tcatchthebus,otherwiseIwouldn’thavemissedthefilm.2).Igotuptoolate,otherwiseIwouldn’thavebeenlateforthemeeting.3).Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.4).Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade(游行).5).Iambusynow.Otherwise,Iwouldhelpyou.6).Hecan’thavewrittentome,otherwiseIwouldhavegothisletterbynow.7).Hetoldmeofyourarrival,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.8).Thesoldierfledaway,orhewouldhavebeenkilled.9).Ididn’tknowthathewasaliar,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.通上下文推断，没有引，真实的委宛。1).Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar(学者).。5。2).Iwoulddosoinyourposition.3).Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.4).Unlessyouhaddoneitearlier,youwouldhavefailed.2.7.suppose(that),supposing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);onconditionthat;giventhat1).Suppose/supposingthattherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.=Iftherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.2).Supposingyoucouldn’twrite,whatwouldyoudo?3).Childrenwerepermittedintothehallforthefilmprovided(that)theydidnotmakeanytrouble.4).Theguardsallowthetouriststogointothewoodsonconditionthatthey(should)donoharmtotheanimals.(onconditionthat=onlyif,它所引从句的的气可述，可虚，但均表示一个真条件。)5).Giventhathedoesn’tagreetodoit,weshalldoitalone.(giventhat表示一个真条件，其从句用述气。)从句的虚气wishwishthat⋯haddone→表示去已事情的虚wishthat⋯did/were→表示在正事情的虚wishthat⋯wereto/should/could/might/woulddo→表示将来要事情的虚1).IwishIwereabird.2).Theuglygirlwishesshewerebetterlooking.3).SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.4).HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!5).IhaveneverbeentoNewYork,buthowIwishIhad.6).IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday.7).Howwewishwecouldhavearesttomorrow!8).IwishIcouldstandonabusystreetcorner,hatinhand,andbegpeopletothrowmealltheirwastedhours.(我希望自己站在人来人往的大街上，手里拿着帽子，央求人把弃的光扔我。)9).IwishIhadnevermethim.10).Iwishyouhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.3.2.wouldrather(that)⋯本构从句是一般去，表示一个在或将来的梦想；是去完成。6。时时，表示对过去已发事件的一种企图，表示说话者宁愿某人做或没有做某事，实质上却恰巧相反。拥有相同用法的结构还有wouldsooner,wouldassoon,wouldjustassoon，它们可代替wouldrather。1).Iwouldratheryouwerehomenow.2).I’dsooneryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.3).Iwouldratheryouhadbeentherewithme.(实质上不是你，是他人)4).I’dratheryouhadmorehealththanwealth.5).I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.(实质上已做)6).IwouldratherthatIhadstayedathomeyesterday.(实质上并无)7).IwouldjustassoonthatJohnhadn’tspokenrudelytome.8).I’dratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.9).I’drathereverytinghadn’thappenedbetweenus.试比较：、wouldrather后接动词原形，表示对此刻或将来某种行为的一种主观梦想或选择，为陈述语气。1).Iwouldratherstayathomethangotothecinema.2).Thebravesoldierswouldtatherdiethansurrendertotheenemy.3).I’drathernotgotothecinematonight.、wouldrather后接不定式完成时表示对已发惹祸件的后悔。4).I’drathernothavetoldherthenews.Sheissuchagossip.5).Thefilmwasterrible.I’drathernothavegonetothecinemalastnight.6).Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?Yes,butI’drathernothavedoneit.3.3.表示梦想、建议、央求、命令等含义的动词3.3.1.这类动词的宾语从句的谓语形式为should+动词原形，should能够省略，但引导词that平时不省略。常用的这类动词有：advise忠告，建议ask要求command命令decide决定demand要求desire希望，可望determine决定insist坚持order命令prefer宁愿promise承诺propose建议recommend介绍，劝告request要求require要求suggest建议3.3.2.巧记宾从用虚假语气的动词方法一、一坚二命三建四要一坚持→insist二命令→order,。7。command三建议→suggest,advise,recommend四要求require,request,demand,desire方法二、DISCO（迪斯科）D→demandI→insistS→suggestC→commandO→order方法三、Idropcaps.I→insistD→demand/desireR→require/request/recommendO→orderP→proposeC→commandA→adviseP→preferS→suggest3.3.3.例句1).Thedriverdemandedthatallthepassengersshowtheirticketstohim.2).Theofficerorderedthathistroopsmoveontothefront.3).Thecommandercommandedthatweattackatonce.4).Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.5).Ipreferthatyounoteatthatmuch.6).IproposethatMr.Libethechairman.7).Irecommendedthatyoushouldreduceyourexpenditure.8).Heasksthathebegivenanopportunitytotrythismethod.9).IaskedthatIbeallowedtoseeher.10).Heinsistedthatadoctorbesentforatonce.11).Ourteacherinsistedthatwenotplaycomputergamesatschool.12).Whodoyousuggestbesenttoworkthere?13).Wesuggestthathegivelessmoneytohischild.14).Mr.WangsuggestedthatItakeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.15).Hedeterminedthatshesetoffatonce.16).Sheadvisedthatwekeepthedoorlocked.17).Theyrequirethatvisitorsnotsmokeintheworkshop.18).Mr.Wangrequiredthatallthestudentsbepolitetoothers.注：以上各例句宾语从句中谓语动词前统统省略了should。、suggest与insist之例外suggest作“建议”解时用虚假语气，作“表示”解时用陈述语气；insist作“坚持”解时用虚假语气，作“坚持认为，坚持说”解时用陈述语气。1).Thesmileonmymother’sfacesuggestedthatshewasdelightedwithmyexaminationresult.(非虚假)2).Hisyawnssuggestedthathewassleepy.（非虚假）。8。3).Allthesefactssuggestthatheisinnocent.（非虚）4).Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andhisparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.(前后虚)5).Heinsistedthathehaddoneright.（非虚）6).Heinsistedthathewasnotinvolvedinthecase.（非虚）7).Heinsistedthathehadnotbeenlatethatmorning.（非虚）8).Heinsistedthatwhathesaidwastrueandweinsistedthathegoandhavealook.(前后虚)9).Theagedmaninsistedthathewasn’tillandshouldn’tbesenttothehospital.主从句的虚气基本构：Itbe/seem+(表示梦想、建、命令、要求、意志、惊、不、憾等意的)形容/去分/名+that+主+（should）+原形.在本构中it是形式主，真实的主是后边的that从句，从句中的形式shoulddo,should能够省略。4.1.Itis+adj.+that+⋯(should)do⋯常用的此形容有：advisable理智的amazing令人吃惊的disappointing令人无望的embarrassing令人尬的essential重要的important重要的incredible令人以置信的natural自然的necessary必要的,不能缺少的1).strange奇异的surprising令人惊的Itisvital至关重要的naturaurgent急的astonishing令人惊的lthatimperative在必行的heobjecttoaplanlikethat.2).Itisnecessarythatwetellhimthetruthatonce.3).Itisnotnecessarythateveryonebeascientist.4).Itisessentialthateverychildbegiventhesameeducationalopportunities.5).Itisurgentthatadoctorshouldbesentforimmediately.6).Itisadvisablethateveryonehaveamap.7).Itisvitalthattheheadmasterreceivethisletterthisevening.8).Itisimportantthatyoushouldthankthosewhosupportedyouthroughthedisappointments.。9。(重要的是,你感那些在你失意予你支持的人。)9).Itisreallystrangethatthegirlbemarriedsoearly.(真奇异，那小姑娘竟然么早就出嫁了！)10).Itisamazingthatheshouldhavelearntsomuchinsuchashorttime.11).Itisstrangethathehaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.12).Itissurprisingthatheshouldbesofoolishastobelieveherlie13).Itwasastonishingthatshehavekeptthesecretfromhimallthroughtheirlifetime.14).Itseemsincrediblethathehavefinishedtheworksosoon.(他竟然么快就完成了工作，忧如令人以置信。)注意：a.在Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/strange/incrediable/apity/ashamethat...构中，that虚从句表示人的惊、后悔、绝望等烈的感情，含有“竟然,竟然”的意思，表示所生的事情特别出乎不测。如上面例句9-14。再如：15).It’sapitythatheshouldmissthelecture.（真憾，他竟然了次演。）16).It’sapitythatheshouldturndownmyoffer.(真憾，他竟然拒了我的提。)17).Itisashamethatsheshouldbehavelikethat.(她竟然表的那么差，真人。)b.本构可形Itis+of+上述形容相的名形式+that⋯(should)do⋯。如：18).Itisofutmostimportancethatyoubehereontime.4.2.Itis+去分+that⋯(should)do⋯常的此去分有：suggestedordereddesiredproposeddecidedrecommendedrequestedrequired1).Itisdemandedsuggestedthatmoretreesshouldbeplantedtopreventsandatorms.2).Itisrequiredthatthestudentswearschooluniformsatschool.3).Itisdecidedthatnosmokingbeallowedinthelibrary.4).Itisdemandedthatoneofthestudentsshouldstaytolookafterthethings.5).Itisproposedthatthismatterbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.。10。6).Itisrecommendedthattheworkshouldn’tbestarteduntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.表语从句的虚假语气基本结构：(表示建议、建议、命令、要求的)名词+be+that+主语(should)+动词原形.常有的此类名词有：advicedecisiondemandideaorderplanrecommendationproposalrequestsuggestionpityMydesirewishrequirement1).suggestionisthatweshouldtryourbesttohelptherefugeesoftheearthquakes.2).Thecommander’sorderwasthatsoliderssetoutatonce.3).Ourideaisthatthematchbeputoff.4).Ourdecisionisthattheschoolremainclosed.5).Thedoctor’sadvicewasthatyougiveupsmoking.6).Hispropoalisthatthematterbediscussedatthenextmeeting.7).Ourwishisthatheshoulddowhathepleases.8).Mydesireisthatallthemembersofthefamilygatheronceayear.同位语从句的虚假语气基本结构：(表示建议、建议、命令、要求的)名词+that+主语+(should)+动词原形.常有的此类名词有：advicedecisiondemandideaorderplanrecommendationproposalrequestsuggestionpityThedesirewishrequirement1).peopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewarcometoanendassoonaspossible.2).Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestionthatwesendafewworkerstohelptheothegroups?3).Iagreedtotheideathatadoctorbesentfor.4).Mr.Wang’sadvicethatweshouldgooverourplanoncemoreisreasonable.5).Iamallfortheproposalthataspecialgroupbesetuptolookintothematter.6).Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamilygatheronce。11。ayear.定语从句的虚假语气基本结构：Itis(high,about)time+that+主语+动词过去式.Itis(high,about)time+that+主语+shoulddo.(注意:should不能够省略,that能够省略。)本结构表示“目前该做却还没有做的事”，该事早就该做了，时间已经有些晚了。1).Itishightimethatwewereoff.2).Itistimethatsomeonetaughtyoutobehaveyourself.3).It’sabouttimethatweshouldputanendtothiscontroversy(争辩，正义).4).Itishightimethatweshouldprepareforthefinal.5).Itabouttimeweshouldconsiderwhattodonext.6).It’stimewesettowork.(set为过去式)7).It’stimewestarted/setoff/setout/left.8).It’stimewefoundsomewheretoeat.注：句型It’stimetodosth./It’stimeforsb.todosth./It’stimeforsth.表示“该做某事了，是做某事的时候了”，没有“目前该做却还没有做的事”的含义。其他类虚假语气asif/though属于时态型虚假语气，其动词结构与wish此后的虚假语气相同。过去haddone此刻did（be用were）were将来to/should/could/might/woulddo1).ShespeaksEnglishveryfluentlyasthoughshewereborninEngland.(实质上不是)2).Themantalkedtoomuchasthoughheweredrunk.(实质上说话人认为他并未喝醉)3).HetalkedasifhehadtakenpartintheLongMarch.4).Heoperatedthemachineasifhewereaskilledworker.5).Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.6).Itwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.注：以上例句1-6asif/though引导的是方式状语从句；但若是主句的动。12。是系be,feel,look,seem,sound,appear等，asif/though引的即是表从句了。以以下例句7-11。7).MaryfeltasthoughMr.Wangwereherfather.8).Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.9).Heappearedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.(他看上去此一无所知。)10).Ifeelasifwehadknowneachotherforages.注意：asif/though此后即可接虚气，又可接述气，比：11).Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrain.(忧如天要下雨。虚气，与将来事相反，上不会。)12).Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(述气，上确会下雨。)8.2.evenif/though引的步状从句属于型虚气，的不用然是事，经常表示一种虚的步，其构与if引的虚条件句一。去haddone在did（be用were）将来1、did；2、shoulddo；3、weretodo1).EvenifIwererich,Iwouldwork.2).Iwon’tlendyouanymoneyevenifIhadmoney.3).EventhoughIhadbeenwithyouthen,Icouldnothavehelpedyou.4).Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailonehundredtimes.5).Evenifhehadbeenthere,Ishouldhavesaidthesamething.6).Eventhoughyouhadenoughmoney,youcouldnotbuythelosttime.7).Itisbettertoinvitehimeventhoughheshouldrufuse.注意：Evenif/though也可引述气的句子，表达一种真的步。比：7).Evenifitrainstomorrow,Iwillgosightingwithyou.(情况真，确照)8).EvenifIbecomeamillionaire,Ishallalwaysbeasocialist.（述气）8.3.ifonly(=HowIwish)引的虚气属于型虚气，表示一种烈的梦想、憾或不，意“若是⋯⋯就好了”，“希望”。1).IfonlyIhadmoremoney!Icouldbuysomenewclothes.2).IfonlyIhadnotcheatedintheexamination!3).Ifonlywehaddoneasweweretold!Thiswouldneverhavehappened.4).IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!。13。5).Ifonlyyouhadtoldmeinadvance!6).IfonlyIhadnotmarriedbeforeImetyou!7).Ifonlyyouhadarrivedalittleearlier!注意:ifonly与onlyif的区：onlyif中only只起到加、突出的作用，if的并改，意“只有在⋯⋯条件下”，表示条件的唯一性。如：8).OnlyifyouhelpmecanIsucceed.9).Iwillgohomeonlyifyougowithme.10).WillyoucometoBirthdayPartytomorrow?OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteTom.8.4.lest,forfearthat引的目的状从句基本构：lest(forfearthat)+主+隶属should型should+原形虚气，此后用should+原形，should可might,would,也能够省略，意味“以免⋯⋯,了⋯⋯不⋯⋯”。1).Shetookataxitothestationlestsheshouldmissthetrain.(=Shetookataxitothestationsothat(或inorderthat)sheshouldnotmissthetrain.=Shetookataxitothestationincasesheshouldmissthetrain.)2).Heremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.3).Shealwaysstudieshardlestshelagbehind.4).Neverletchildrenplaywithfirelesttheymightsetfiretothehouses.5).IquietlyenteredtheroomlestIshouldwakeupmybaby.6).Hismotherpunishedhimlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.7).Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentslesttheyshouldfallintotheenemy’shands.8).Weighwellyourwordslesttheybeswords.9).Wemustnotpromisewhatweshouldnot,lestwebecalledontoperformwhatwecannot.注：以上例句1-9中lest都可被forfearthat替。8.5.whether⋯or⋯引的步状从句意“无论/不是⋯⋯是⋯⋯”，构：whether+主+be+表一+or+表二，⋯1).Whetherheberichorpoor,Iwillmarryhim.(可省略whether,此要到装：Beherichorpoor,...)2).Whetheritbeneworold,itismybike.(=Beitneworold,。14。itismybike.)3).Behefriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.(=Whetherhebefriendorfoe,⋯)4).Whetherthefiguresbeaccurateornot,mtheyhavetoberechecked.5).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials(高官)theystandequalbeforethelaw.6).Everymorninghegoesjoggingalongthelake,whetheritbefineorrainy.7).ShecantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyEnglish,FrenchorLatin.8).Whetherthiscriticismbewiseorfoolish,importantorinsignificant,itisatleastnatured.(无论批是理智的是笨拙的，重要的是没关要的，最少它是好意的。)8.6.表示祝愿、礼貌的虚气8.6.1.LongliveChairmanMao!(live不加-s)Godblessyou!(bless不加-es)8.6.2.Maysb.dosth!&Wishsb.sth!1).Mayyousucceed!→Wishyousuccess!2).Mayyouhaveagoodtrip.→Wishyouagoodtrip.3).Mayyouhaveahappybirthday.→Wishyouagoodbirthday.4).Mayyouhaveahappylife.→Wishyouahappylife.5).MaythespiritofLeiFengliveonforever!(愿雷精神永存！)8.6.3.有出于礼貌，赌气婉，也可防备加于人而使用虚气，用来表示求方做某事。1).Iwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeahand.2).Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.3).Iwouldreallyappreciateifyoutookamessageforher.4).Iwouldbemosthonoredifyoutaughtmehowtostartthemachine.5).Itwouldbeniceifyouhelpedmeabitwiththehousework.8.7.含有气的虚气：情+havedoneneedhavedone→本有必needn’thavedone→本不用要做却未作做却做should/oughttohavedone→shouldn’thavedone→本不本做却未做做却做couldhavedone→本couldn'thavedone→本不能够能做却未做做却做但注意：musthavedone表示去的推。1).Icouldhaveprovidedyouwiththefunds.Whydidn’tyouaskme?。15。2).Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ineedn'thavetakenthetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(06年江西)3).Mr.Whiteshouldhavearrivedat8：30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.(04年全国一高考)4).—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—Youshouldhavetoldherlastweek.(04年福建高考)5).Haditnotbeenforthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.6).Sheoughttohavehadmoreconsiderationforyou.(他本更多地你着想。)7).Idon’tthinkyououghttohavedonethat.(我你本不做那种事。)8).Theyoughtn’ttohaveletyououtofhospitalsosoon.(他本来不你么快出院。)9).Youneedn’thavecomeoveryourself.Youcouldhavegivenmearinginstead.(你本不用自来，你本能够我打个就行了。)10).Youneedn'thavetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.11).Youshouldn'thavecriticizedhimsternlytohisface.(你不当面么地批他。)8.8.关注but在虚气中，but分句所起的作用相当于if从句的反句，点出在或去的某一事，故用述气。(butIwish除外)1).IwouldhaveinvitedhertothepartybutIdidn’tknowherwell.(but⋯=ifIhadknownherwell)2).IwouldhavehadarestbutIhadsomuchworktodo.(but⋯=ifIhadn’thadsomuchworktodo)3).Shewouldhavecometoseeyoubutshewasillthatday.(but⋯=ifshehadn’tbeenillthatday)4).IshouldhavegonetothepartybutIwasnotinvited.(but⋯=ifIhadbeeninvited)5).IhavenoChinese-Englishdictionary,butIwishIhadone.6).Ihaveneverbeentothemoon,butIwishIhad.虚气悟9.1.通虚气，大体能够将其分“型”和“should+原型”两，表析以下：虚引的非真条件句上述二此后的从句上述三1rather/sooner/as上述三气soon/justassoon此后的从句2。16。if/rough引的方式状从句上述八1if/though引的步状从上述八句2only引的感句上述八31.“一二命三建四要”此后的从上述三句(should可省略)32.主从句(should可省略)上述四Should3.表从句(should可省略)上述五加4.同位从句(should可省略)上述六原5.定从句(should不能省略,should上述七形do可改did)6.lest(forfearthat)引的目的状上述八从句4it/he(may)be⋯or⋯上述八59.2.确定，形式在型虚气中，确定是去、在是将来的虚，是确定形式的关，因虚的“式”是由作所生的“”决定的。作生的虚的“式”“”从句主句去haddonewould/should/might/could/oughttohavedone在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/oughttodo将来1、did2、would/should/might/could/shoulddooughttodo3、weretodo看以下例：例1.A.Ifhe_______,he_______thatfood.B.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.a.waswarned;wouldnottakeb.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenc.wouldbewarned;hadnottakend.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken从B的答解析，A所的事情生在去，表示的当没有人警告他，果他吃了那种事物。反就成了虚气，主句和从句都是去的虚，从句用haddone,主句用wouldhavedone,所以b是正确答案。例2.Ifthesun_______riseinthewest,myloveforyouwouldbeunchanged.a.shouldb.werec.weretod.。17。shall题干在说“要想让我对你的爱不改变，除非有一天太阳打西边出来”，主句和从句都是对将来的虚假，虚假条件句“太阳打西边出”根本就不能能实现，所以用weretodo，选择c。例3.Ifhe_______totheteacherattentively,he_______theanswertotheproblemnow.a.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownb.listened,wouldknowc.listened,wouldhaveknownd.hadlistened,wouldknow解读题干可知，“他”此刻不知道答案是因为从前没有认真听讲，一个是对此刻的虚假，一个是对过去的虚假，是混杂型虚假语气。虚假语气知识点牢固、助记性精练。18。()1.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightaway,becauseshethinksthatifshe_______ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot()2.Wewouldnotbeabletowalkifthere_______nofriction.A.isB.areC.wereD.willbe()3.Ifwe_______morefreedominchoosingcourses,wewouldhavehadmoremotivationtostudy.A.weregivenB.couldbegivenC.hadbeengivenD.hadgiven()4.Ifhe_______,he_______thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()5.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_______inturn,you⋯sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot()6.Ifthesun_______riseinthewest,myloveforyouwouldbeunchanged.A.shouldB.wereC.weretoD.shall()7.Ifhe_______hardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.A.hadnotbeenworkingB.hasnotbeenworkingC.wasnotworkingD.werenotworking()8._______tome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.A.IfhelistenedB.IfhewouldlistenC.ShouldhelistenD.Hadhelistened()9._______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will。19。()10.Whatwouldhavehappened_______,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther()11.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_______now.A.couldn’thavesmiledB.wouldn’tbesmilingC.didn’tsmileD.won’tsmile()12.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie()13.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall()14.Ifit_______foryourhelpIreallydon’tknowwhatIwouldhavedone.A.hadnotbeenB.wasnotC.hasnotbeenD.were()15.I_______youwiththefunds.Whydidn’tyouaskme?A.shouldprovideB.couldprovideC.hadprovidedD.couldhaveprovided()16._______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor()17.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe()18.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight_______,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly()19.Wouldyouhavecalledherup?Yes,butI_______busy。20。doingmyhomework.A.wasB.wereC.amD.wouldbe()20.Whydidn’tMarygo?She_______exceptshedidn’thavetime.A.wouldhavegoneB.willgoC.wouldgoD.begoing()21.Butthathesawit,he_______it.A.can’tbelieveB.couldnotbelieveC.couldnothavebelievedD.didnotbelieve()22.Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.OtherwiseI_______thismistake.A.didn’tmakeB.wouldnotmakeC.hadn’tmadeD.wouldn’thavemade()23.Theymusthavelikedtheapartment,orthey_______solong.A.didn’tstayB.wouldn’thavestayedC.won’tstayD.wouldn’tstay()24.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored()25.Supposingyou_______write,whatwouldyoudo?A.couldn’tB.can’tC.maynotD.areunable()26.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI_______youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow()27.Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou_______hereontime.A.beB.shallbeC.aretobeD.mustbe()28.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_______inyourschool.A.happensB.happenedC.shouldhappenD.hadhappened()29.Itisdecidedthatnosmoking_______intheclassroom.A.beallowedB.isallowedC.willbeallowedD.shouldhavebeenallowed()30.Doyouhaveadictionary?No,butIwishI_______.A.haveB.didC.do。21。D.havehad()31.Bob’sdoctorsuggests_______forafewdays.A.thatheisrestingB.hisrestingC.himtorestD.thatherest()32.Tominsistedwhathesaid_______trueandweinsistedthathe_______andhavealook.A.be;shouldgoB.shouldbe;wouldgoC.was;goD.was;wouldgo()33.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe_______ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_______amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has()34.DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?_______.A.I’dratheryoudidn’t,actuallyB.Ofcoursenot,it’snotallowedhereC.Great!Ilovepets.D.No,youcan’t()35.Ourplanisthattheproduction_______attherateof10percentayear.A.riseB.roseC.wouldriseD.rised()36.Look!Itlooksasifit_______goingtorain.Wemusthurry.OK.A.wasB.isC.wereD.willbe()37.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_______roundtheearth.A.becirclingB.iscirclingC.circlesD.werecircling()38.Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentsforfearthatthey_______intotheenemy’shands.A.mightfallB.wouldfallC.shouldfallD.willfall()39.Mrs.Blisskeptthedoorandthewindowsshutlestthenoiseoutside_______herson’ssleep.A.wouldinterferewithB.hadinterferedwithC.interferedwithD.shouldinterferewith()40.Wewon’tgiveup_______weshouldfailtentimes.。22。A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until()41._______.,thelawregardshimascriminal.A.BeinghefriendorfoeB.BehefriendorfoeC.WashefriendorfoeD.Whetherfriendorfoe()42.It’sautumn,thetimethatfarmers_______theircorn.A.getinB.gotinC.aregettinginD.willgetin()43._______hetryagain,hemightbesuccessful.A.CouldB.MightC.MustD.Should()44._______,hewouldbesurprised.A.WereTomtoseeyouB.WereTomseeyouC.IfTomistoseeyouD.IfTomhasseenyou()45.Theworkersareworkinghardtomeettherequestthattherailway_______totrafficonMay1.A.isopenB.willbeopenC.beopenD.mustopen()46.WeareallforMary’ssuggestionthatthediscussion_______.A.isputoffB.putsoffC.tobeputoffD.beputoff()47.Hegaveordersthattheprisoners_______free.A.aresetB.weresetC.setD.beset()48.Ithinkitishightimeyou_______action.A.takeB.tookC.ar