中英文预制混凝土桩、钻孔灌注桩及桩静载试验监控方案

Ⅰ.预制混凝土桩施工方案I.ConstructionSchemeforprefabricatedconcretepiles1.工程概况1.Projectoverview本工程预制钢筋混凝土方桩：C120.30型68根，C160.40型5674根。Theprefabricatedreinforcedconcretesquarepilesforthisproject:68piecesofC120.30typeand5674piecesofC160.40type2.预制钢筋混凝土方桩制作2.Makingofprefabricatedreinforcedconcretesquarepiles2.1材料要求2.1Requirementsofmaterial2.1.1钢筋：进场时应具有出厂证明书或试验报告单，进场后应分批作机械性能试验；取样时每批重量不大于60t。2.1.1Reinforcement:Whenthereinforcedbarsaredeliveredtothesite,theyshallbeprovidedwithmanufacturer’scertificateorinspectionreportform.Aftertheirarrivalatthesite,theyshallbeperformedwithmechanicalperformancetestsinbatches.Thesamplingforeachbatchshallnotbemorethan60t.2.1.2钢筋运到施工现场后，要严格按不同等级、牌号、直径长度分别挂牌堆放，不得混淆；堆放时，钢筋下面要垫垫木，离地不宜少于20cm。2.1.3Afterthereinforcedbarsaretransportedtotheconstructionsite,theyshallbestoredseparatelyinaccordancewithdifferentgrade,type,diameterandlengthwithoutmixingup;duringstorage,woodshallbeplacedunderthereinforcedbarswithatleast20cm2.1.3混凝土拌制选料及搅拌：.3.1混凝土现场拌制材料选择：Theselectionofmaterialsformixingofconcreteinthesite:水泥：水泥应符合设计要求，要有出厂合格证和试验报告Cement：Theycementshallcomplywiththedesignrequirementsandbeprovidedwithmanufacturer’scertificateofcomplianceandinspectionreport.骨料：粗、细骨料粒径应符合设计要求。要有进场试验报告，石子含泥量不得超过1%，砂子含泥量不得大于3%，若含泥量超过规定时，必须过水清洗。Aggregate:Thegrainsizeofcoarseandfineaggregatesshallcomplywiththedesignrequirements.Theaggregatesshallbeprovidedwithdeliveryinspectionreport.Theclaycontentofstoneshallnotexceed1%andthatofsandnotmorethan3%.Iftheclaycontentisbeyondthespecifiedlimit,itshallbecleanedwithwater.拌和水：拌和水采用经试验室化验合格的不含有影响水泥正常凝结与硬化等有害物质的井水。Mixingwater:Themixingwatershallusewellwaterwhichdoesnotcontainanyharmfulsubstancesaffectingthenormalcoagulationandhardeningofcement.水泥、砂子、碎石、水要严格计量，严禁施工人员随意更改配合比；粗、细骨料的含水量应经常测定，雨天施工时应调整水灰比；Thecement,sandandgravelshallbestrictlymeasured.Themixtureproportionshallnotbechangedbyconstructionpersonnelwithoutauthority.Thewatercontentofcoarseandfineaggregatesshallbemeasuredonregularbasis.Thecement-waterratioshallbeadjustedwhenconstructionisperformedduringrainydays.正式施工前，应委托有资质的试验室进行混凝土配合比试验。混凝土搅拌前，必须进行原材料计量，并挂牌标识，严格执行配合比。beforeformalconstruction,itisrequiredtoentrustthequalifiedlaboratorytoperformmixtureratiotest.Therawmaterialstobeusedforconcretemixingshallbemeasuredandattachedwithlabelsinstrictaccordancewiththemixtureratio.2.2预制桩制作2.2Makingofprefabricatedpiles本工程制桩采用间隔重叠预制方法，分三层制作，Thepilemakingforthisprojectwillbaseonintervaloverlapprefabricationmethodandthepileswillbemadebythreelayers.2.2.1预制桩制作施工工艺：2.2.1Themakingandconstructionprocessforprefabricatedpiles制作场地压实平整→场地地坪浇C15混凝土→支模→钢筋骨架制作、安装吊环→浇注混凝土→养护至30%强度拆模→支间隔头模板、刷隔离剂、绑钢筋→浇筑间隔桩混凝土→同法间隔重叠制作其他各层桩→养护至70%强度起吊→达100%强度后运输、堆放。Compactingandlevellingofmakingsite→thesitefloorpouredwithC15concrete→formworkerection→reinforcementcagesmakinganderectionofliftingring→concretepouring→formworkdismantlingaftercuringtotheintensityof30%→erectionofintervalformworks,coatingofpartingcompoundandbindingofsteelbars→concretepouringofintervalpiles→makingofpilesofotherlayersbyintervaloverlapmethodinthesameway→liftingafteritiscuredtotheintensityof70%→storageandstackingafter100%intensityisreached2.2.2预制桩制作方法2.2.2Techniqueformakingofprefabricatedpiles场地制作On-siteprefabrication根据施工现场情况，布置制桩场地及材料堆放、钢筋加工场地。制桩场地要求进行简单地基处理，即表面夯实或碾压一遍，再整平，上浇50mm厚C15混凝土，表面压光，并保证平整度。避免地坪不均匀沉降而造成桩身弯曲。钢筋骨架制作场地铺砖，不允许在泥土场地上制作钢筋骨架。Thefieldforpilemaking,materialstorageandreinforcedbarprocessingshallbearrangedinaccordancewiththeconditionofconstructionsite.Thepilemakingfieldshallbeperformedwithsimplefoundationtreatment,i.e.thesurfaceshallbetampedorrolled,andthenlevelled,pouredwithC15concreteof50mmthick.Thesurfaceshallbeensuredtobesmoothandflatsoastoavoidbendingofpilesduetounevensettlementoffloor.Themakingofreinforcementcagesisnotallowedtomakereinforcementcagesonclayfield.钢筋骨架制作Makingofreinforcementcages（1）钢筋骨架采取集中加工、绑扎的方法进行施工。(1)Thereinforcementcagesshallbemadebyconcentratedprocessingandbinding.（2）在制作钢筋骨架时，钢筋应严格保证位置的正确，桩尖对准纵轴线。(2)Duringmakingofreinforcementcages,thereinforcedbarsshallbecorrectlypositionedwiththetipofpileaimingattheverticalaxis.（3）主筋应尽量采用整根钢筋，减少接头，主筋接头采用闪光对焊，主筋接头配置在同一截面内的数量不得超过50%（受拉筋）。相邻两根主筋接头截面的距离应大于35d（d为主筋直径），并不小于500mm，桩顶1m范围内不应有接头。对于每一个接头，要严格保证焊接质量。(3)Themainreinforcementsshalluseintegralreinforcedbarswithlessjoints.Thejointsofmainreinforcementsshalladoptflashbuttweldingandthequantityofjointsshallnotbemorethan50%(tensionrod)withinthesamesectionofmainreinforcements.Thedistancebetweenthesectionsoftwoadjacentmainreinforcementjointsshallbemorethan35d(dreferstodiameterofmainreinforcements)andnotlessthan500mm.Nojointsshallbeavailablewithintherangeof1mofthepiletop.（4）桩头钢筋网格采用点焊。箍筋采用绑扎的形式，制作完成经监理验收合格后方可用于制桩。(4)Thegridofreinforcementofthepiletopshallusespotwelding.Thehoopreinforcementwillbeintheformofbinding.Aftermakingisfinished,theyshallpassthroughtheacceptanceinspectionofsupervisorsbeforetheyareusedformakingofpiles.（5）钢筋骨架的运输，应保证移动过程中不产生过大变形。钢筋笼入模前，由工程项目部质检人员按标准及要求进行自检，检查各部偏差是否在允许范围内，自检合格后报监理验收，验收合格后方可入模。(5)Duringtransportationofreinforcementcages,itshallmakesurethatnoexcessivedeformationshallbecausedduringthecourseofmovement.Beforethecagesareputintotheformworks,theselfcheckingshallbeperformedbyqualityinspectorsofProjectDepartmentinaccordancewithstandardsoastoconfirmifthedeviationsofdifferentpartsarewithinthepermittedrange.Afterself-checkingisqualified,theyshallbereportedtosupervisorsforacceptanceinspection.Onlywhentheypassthroughtheacceptanceinspectioncantheybeputintotheformworks.（6）钢筋骨架入模时应在骨架底部及两侧各绑扎上一定数量的混凝土小垫块，并将其垫好扶正以保证钢筋骨架位置的正确，保护层厚度一致。(6)Whenthereinforcementcagesareputintoformworks,itisnecessarytobindacertainamountofsmallconcreteblocksonthebottomandbothsidesofthecages,alignthemtoensurethecorrectpositionofreinforcementcages.Theprotectionlayersshallbeensuredwithidenticalthickness.（7）桩尖钢模应与桩身钢模连接牢固，同时在桩尖处另加一块钢板固定，并在正交两个方向作中心线的校验。(7)Thesteelformworksofpiletipsshallbefirmlyconnectedwiththatofpilebody.Besides,thepiletipshallbefixedwithanothersteelplateandcheckoutofcentrallineshallbeperformedintwoorthogonaldirections.模板组对Formworkgrouping（1）模板采用组合钢模板，并根据预制桩规格确定模板尺寸。组对时要在场地上弹线以保证支模质量。(1)Theformworkswillbaseoncombinedsteelformworksandthemeasurementofformworksisdeterminedinlinewiththesizeofprefabricatedpiles.Whengroupingisdone,linesnappingshallbeperformedonthefieldtoensurethequalityofformworkerection.（2）钢模组合成型后，背侧用φ50钢管通长加强并固定。周转使用，每次支模前模板表面刷隔离剂，预制上层桩及邻桩时，桩与桩间用隔离剂隔开。(2)Afterthesteelformworksarecombinedintoaform,thebackandsideshallbereinforcedandfixedwithφ50steelpipesalongthelengthinacirculatingway.Beforeerectionofformworkseachtime,thesurfaceshallbecoatedwithpartingcompound.Whilethetoplayerpilesandadjacentpilesareprefabricated,thepartingcompoundshallbeusedbetweenpilesforseparation.（3）支模时须挂通线调直，并用脚手架管外侧加固，模内侧加钢筋支撑，以保证截面尺寸。(3)Duringerectionofformworks,itisrequiredtosuspendathroughlineforalignmentandreinforcetheexternalsidewithscaffoldstoensurethesizeofsection.（4）在模板安装时，顶端模板与桩身模板要方正，两者应用螺栓紧固，并用方角尺认真检查。(4)Duringerectionofformworks,theformworksofthepiletopandbodyshallbesquare,fastenedwithboltsandcarefullycheckedwithsquareruler.（5）为了保证模板接缝严密、防止浇筑混凝土时跑浆，模板底部、两方向模板交口处均采用海绵胶条粘好接缝。加固用的钢管必须顺直。(5)Toensuretheformworkswithtightjointandnoleakageduringconcreting,thebottomofformworksandjointbetweenformworksoftwodirectionsshallbebondedwithadhesivetape.Thesteelpipesusedforreinforcementmustbestraightandupright.（6）模板的拆除应根据混凝土所达到的强度来确定，模板拆除时，严禁用大锤硬砸或撬棍硬撬，应用撬棍轻轻撬动模板，以免使模板变形及碰坏混凝土棱角。拆下的模板及其配件，应将表面的灰浆、污垢清楚干净，并维护整理，防止变形，以供重复使用。(6)Thedismantlingofformworksshalldependontheintensitythattheconcretehasreached.Duringdismantlingoftheformworks,itisnotallowedtosmashwithabighammerorprywithcrowbarbyforce.Theyshallbepriedbycrowbargentlyinstead.Themortaranddirtonthedismantledformworksandtheirfittingsshallbecleaned.Theyshallbemaintainedandplacedinordertoavoidanydeformationforthepurposeofrepeateduse.混凝土浇筑Concretepouring（1）采用强制式搅拌机搅拌，翻斗车运送混凝土。浇注混凝土时，混凝土的水灰比应符合设计要求，并根据气候条件及其它因素在规范允许的范围内进行调整如混凝土在浇筑前出现离析现象，应进行二次拌合。(1)Aforcedconcretemixerisusedformixingandadumptruckforconcretetransport.Duringconcretepouring,thecement-waterratioforconcreteshallcomplywiththedesignrequirementsandregulatedwithinthepermittedrangeinaccordancewithclimateconditionandotherfactors.Incaseofanysegregation,secondarymixingshallbecarriedout.（2）为防止桩顶击碎，浇注混凝土时应从桩顶开始向桩尖连续浇筑，不允许留设施工缝，并应防止另一端的砂浆积聚过多。混凝土采用插入式振捣器振捣，振捣时要快插慢拔，插点要均匀排列，逐点移动，按顺序进行，不得遗漏。振捣器移动间距不大于其作用半径的1.5倍，并应尽量避免碰撞钢筋、模板。每点振捣时间控制在20～30秒，混凝土表面出现浮浆，不再显著下沉，不再出现气泡为止。(2)Toavoidsmashingofpiletop,theconcretepouringshallbestartedfromthepiletoptothepiletipwithoutreservinganyconstructionseamandavoidingexcessiveaccumulationofmortaronanotherend.Theconcretewillbetampedbyimmersiblevibratingtamper.Duringtamping,itshallinsertquicklybutpullslowlyinevenarrangement,movepointbypointinorderwithoutanyomission.Themovingdistanceofthetampershallnotmorethan1.5timesofitsoperatingradius.Anycollisionagainstreinforcedbarsandformworksshallbeavoidedtothegreatestextent.Eachtampingshallbecontrolledwithin20-30secondsuntilnofloatingpulp,obvioussinkingorbubbleoccurs.（3）浇注混凝土时，应按规范要求留足够数量的试块，并进行标准养护及同条件养护。(3)Duringconcretepouring,sufficientsamplesshallbereservedandgivenwithstandardcuringorthesimilarcuringaccordingtotherequirementsofspecification.（4）养护：对浇筑完毕的桩身混凝土，应覆盖草袋洒水养护，养护不少于14天。(4)Curing:Theconcreteofpilebodycompletedwithconcretepouringshallbecoveredwithstrawbagsandsprinkledwithwaterforcuring.Thecuringperiodshallnotbelessthan14days.2.2.3桩的起吊、运输和堆放2.2.3Lifting,transportationandstackingofpiles桩的起吊采用20T履带式起重机，在桩的混凝土强度达到70%设计强度时，方可起吊。起吊前应将桩与邻桩分离，分离桩身的工作要仔细，以免桩身受损。Theliftingofpileswilladopt20Tcrawler.Onlywhentheconcreteintensityofpilesreaches70%ofthedesignrequirementcantheybelifted.Beforelifting,thepilesshallbeseparatedwiththeiradjacentpilescarefullytoavoiddamageofpilebody.桩起吊时，设专职指挥员，做到安全平稳，桩吊点位置和数量符合设计要求。Duringtheliftingofpiles,afull-timecommandershallbeassignedtoensuresafetyandstability.Thepileliftingpositionsandquantitiesshallmeetthedesignrequirements.桩的运输采用平板拖车，运输时桩的支承点应按设计吊钩位置叠放平稳并垫实，支撑或绑扎牢固，以防止运输中晃动或滑落。根据打桩顺序和速度边打边运，减少二次搬运。Thepilesshallbetransportedwithplatformtrailer.Duringtransportation,thesupportingpointsofpilesshallbestackedstablyaccordingtothedesignliftinghookposition,filledup,supportedorboundfirmlysoastoavoidshakingorslidingduringtransportation.Thetransportationofpilesshallfollowthepilingsequenceandspeedinordertoreduceunnecessarysecondaryhandling.预制桩在堆放时，要求场地平整坚实，排水良好，使桩堆放后不会因为场地沉陷而损伤桩身。桩按规格、长度、使用的顺序分层叠置，堆放层数不应超过四层。桩下垫木宜设置两道，支承点的位置就在两点吊的吊点处并保持在同一横断面上，同层的两道垫木应保持在同一水平上。Duringstackingofprefabricatedpiles,thefieldshallbekeptflat,solidandgoodinwaterdischargesoastoavoiddamageofpilebodyduetofieldsinkingwhenthepilesarepileduponthefield.Thepilesshallbestackedbylayersinlinewiththesize,lengthanduse.Thestackinglayersshallnotbemorethanfour.Thestowwoodshallbesetwithtwopieceswiththesupportingpointsonbothliftingpositionsandkeepinginalinewiththesamecrosssection.Thestowwoodonthesamelayershallbemaintainedatthesamelevel.2.3施工技术措施2.3Technicalmeasuresinconstruction2.3.1钢筋笼制作：严格按施工图纸要求制作，主筋接头配置在同一截面内的数量不得超过50%，以35d的区域作为同一截面的范围，并不小于500mm，在桩顶与桩端2m范围内不得有接头，制作完成经监理验收合格后方可用于制桩。2.3.1Makingofreinforcementcages:Thereinforcementcagesshallbemadeinstrictaccordancewiththeconstructiondiagram.Thejointquantityofmainreinforcementsshallnotbemorethan50%withintherangeofthesamesection.35dareawillberegardedastherangeinthesamesection.Nojointsshallbeavailablewithintherangeof2maroundthepiletopandpileend.Aftercompletion,theyshallpassthroughtheacceptanceinspectionofsupervisorsbeforetheyareusedforpilemaking.作为关键环节之一，要求每根桩均要进行自检，并填写隐蔽工程验收纪录，在监理检查认可后，再进行下道工序的施工。Asoneofthekeylinks,self-checkingisrequiredforeachpileandtheinspectionreportshallcoverallthehiddenitemsforinspectionandapprovalofsupervisorsbeforetheconstructionofthenextstepisimplemented.2.3.2模板：模板必须有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性，表面要平整，接缝要严密（采用加密封条法），严防跑模和漏浆；模板的表面要涂刷隔离剂。2.3.2Formwork:Theformworksmusthavesufficientintensity,rigidityandstabilitywithflatsurfaceandtightjoints(firmsealingmethodshallbeadopted)toavoidformworkshiftingandslurryleakage.Thesurfaceofformworksshallbecoatedwithpartingcompound.2.3.3模板安装：安装时要提前在制桩场表面上以墨线弹出桩截面支模线，然后按支模线支模加固。支模前在模板和底模上涂隔离剂；浇桩时桩与桩之间和底模之间涂刷隔离剂，以方便脱模和不损伤桩体表面。支模时必须拉线调直，并检查垂直度和稳固性，待钢筋笼入模后安放撑杆。浇夹档桩时，只需支立桩顶模板和桩尖模板，并注意涂刷隔离剂。2.3.3Erectionofformwork:Duringerection,itisrequiredtosnappilesectionformworkerectionlineswithinklineonthesurfaceofpilingfieldsothattheformworkscanbeerectedaccordingtothesnaplines.Beforeformworkerection,theformworkplatesandbottomformworksshallbecoatedwithpartingcompoundforeasystrippingofformworkswithoutdamagingthesurfaceofpilebody.Whiletheformworksareerected,itisrequiredtodrawalineforaligningandchecktheperpendicularityandstability.Whenthereinforcementcagesareputintotheformworks,placethebracesproperly.Duringthepouringofretainingpiles,onlytopformworksandtipformworksarenecessarytoerectandpartingcompoundshallbecoated.2.3.4混凝土搅拌：混凝土搅拌时应控制其塌落度及和易性。2.3.4Concretemixing:Controltheslumpandworkabilityoftheconcretewhenmixingtheconcrete.2.3.5混凝土浇筑：混凝土浇注应由桩顶开始向桩尖连续浇注，严禁中断，浇筑同时进行振捣，严禁漏振、过振。最后压平并收光。2.3.5Concretepouring:Theconcretepouringshallbestartedfromthepiletoptothepiletipincontinuouswaywithoutanyinterruption.Duringthepouring,itshallbetampedsynchronously.Vibrationmissingorexcessivevibrationshallbeavoided.Finally,itshallbeflattenedandsmoothed.2.3.6拆除模板后，在每根桩顶部进行编号并标明成桩日期。.7上层桩和邻桩的浇注，必须在下层桩或邻桩的混凝土达到设计强度的30%以后进行，并涂好隔离剂。桩的重叠层数为3层。2.3.7Thepouringofupperlayerpilesandadjacentpilesshallbeimplementedwhentheconcreteoftheupperlayerpilesandadjacentpilesreaches30%ofthedesignintensity.Thepartingcompoundshallbecoatedproperly.Thepilesshallbestackedinthreelayers.2.3.8现场派专人洒水养护。2.3.8Thesiteshallassignsomepersonstosprinklethewaterforcuring.3.预制钢筋混凝土方桩打桩施工3.Pilingconstructionofprefabricatedreinforcedconcretesquarepiles3.1施工准备3.1Constructionpreparation3.1.1作业准备3.1.1P项目技术负责人认真组织有关人员对图纸进行会审，了解设计意图，学习有关文件，并做好图纸会审记录。Thetechnicaldirectoroftheprojectshallorganizetherelevantpersonstojointlyreviewthedrawings,understandthedesignintension,studyrelevantdocumentsandmakearecordconcerningjointreviewofdrawings.施工人员熟悉工程地质报告及当地气象情况。Theconstructionpersonnelshallbefamiliarwithengineeringgeologyreportandlocalmeteorologicalconditions.工程技术负责人编制补充技术方案，并在施工前对所有的施工人员进行技术交底。Theresponsiblepersonsinchargeofengineeringtechnologyshallworkoutsupplementarytechnicalschemeandcarryouttechnicaldiscussionbeforeconstruction.维修设备机具，保证进入现场的机具设备处于完好状态，并备好零部件。Theequipmentandtoolsshallbemaintainedsoastoensurealltheequipmentandtoolsinthesiteingoodcondition.Sparepartsshallbeavailableinthesite.3.1.2施工现场准备3.1.2Constructionsitepreparation施工机械进场，并进行安装、调试，确保施工机械技术状态良好；平整场地，场地地耐力要满足桩机、吊车转移、行走运桩车辆的要求；铺设临时水管；架设施工用电线路，使施工现场具备“三通一平”条件；Theconstructionmachineryshallbereadyinthesitethrougherectionandcommissioningsoastomakesurethatalltheconstructionmachinesareingoodtechnicalcondition;thefieldshallbeleveledup.Itshallbestrongenoughtomeettherequirementsoftransferofpilingmachinesandcranesandmovementofpiletrailer;preliminarywaterpipeshallbelaid;powerlineforconstructionshallbeerectedsothattheconstructionsitesareprovidedwiththeconditionsof“threesuppliesandoneleveling”;根据图纸坐标，绘制施工场地平面图以便布置预制方桩堆放场地。Thesitelayoutplanshallbedrawnsothatthefieldforstorageofprefabricatedsquarepilescanbearranged.对特殊工种进行培训考试，特殊工种必须持证上岗。Thoseworkerswhoengageinspecialtypeofworkshallreceivetrainingandpasstherelevantexaminationtoobtaintherelevantcertificatesbeforetheytaketheirjobs.现场平整完毕，依据桩位平面图及甲方提供的测量控制点,加密测量控制网，按平面图放线定位，设置水准点，其数量应满足施工需要，且应设在不受打桩影响的地点。Afterthefieldlevelingiscompleted,itisrequiredtointensifythesurveycontrolnetworkaccordingtopilepositionplanandsurveycontrolpointssuppliedbyPartyA,setoutforpositioningandsetbenchmarkswiththequantityincompliancewiththerequirementsofconstruction.Thebenchmarksshallbesetonthepointswithoutaffectingthepilingactivity.核对规格、数量，检查预制方桩的质量。并在每根桩上弹上两面中心线，画好记录标记，用色笔画线。每米做一标志，以便于记录，检查出厂合格证，保证预制方桩的混凝土强度达到100%。Checkthesizeandquantity,inspectthequalityofprefabricatedsquarepiles,snapcentrallinesonbothsidesofpilesanddrawrecordsignwithacolorpen.Itisrequiredtomakeamarkby1mforrecording.Verifythemanufacturer’scertificateofcompliancetoensuretheintensityofconcreteforprefabricatedsquarepilesreach100%.3.2预制钢筋混凝土桩打桩施工3.2Pilingconstructionofprefabricatedreinforcedconcrete3.2.1打桩顺序及操作程序3.2.1P打桩顺序：Piledrivingsequence:根据单位工程先主要工程，后次要工程；根据基础的设计标高，先深后浅；按桩的规格先大后小，先长后短。ThePiledrivingactivitiesshallbeimplementedaccordingtodifferentpriorities,inwhichtheprimaryitemsshallcomefirstandthesecondaryonessecond;thedeepitemscomefirstandtheshallowonessecondintermsofelevationoffoundation;thelargeandlongitemscomefirstandthesmallandshortonessecondintermsofsize.操作程序放线放线样桩桩机就位吊桩插桩校正打第一节桩移锤吊上一节桩校正固定校正焊接打第二节桩测贯入度、标高停锤桩机转移测桩顶标高3.2.2预制钢筋混凝土方桩打桩施工方法3.2.2预制钢筋混凝土方桩打桩施工方法3.2.2Pilingconstructionmethodforprefabricatedreinforcedconcretesquarepiles基桩放样：基桩放样时，根据轴线控制桩测放桩位桩（样桩）；样桩用一支φ6.5长约350mm的钢筋对准地面上的桩位中心点打入地面。样桩顶部撒上白灰，，以便基桩施工时查找，保持桩位正确。样桩偏差＜10mm。Foundationpilesetting-out:Duringsetting-outoffoundationpile,itisrequiredtomeasureandplacethesamplepile:Thesamplepile(apieceofφ6.5steelbararound350mmlong)shallbehammeredintothegroundagainstthepilepoint.Thesurfaceofthesamplepilesshallbesprayedwithwhitepowdersoastofacilitatethelocatingduringconstructionandkeepthecorrectpositionofpiles.Thedeviationofsamplepilesshallbelessthan10mm.桩位复测：控制桩和样桩放完后,首先进行自检，自检合格后由质检部门和监理单位复查，复查合格后方可进行预制桩施工。Repetitionmeasurementofpileposition:Whenthecontrolpilesandsamplefilesareplaced,itisnecessarytocarryoutselfinspection.Whenitisqualifiedbyselfinspection,repetitionmeasurementshallbecarriedoutbyqualityinspectiondepartmentandsupervisionunit.Whentheypassthroughtherepetitionmeasurement,theprefabricatedpileconstructioncanstart.桩机就位：为保证打桩机下地表土受力均匀，防止不均匀沉降，保证打桩机施工安全，采用路板箱铺设在桩机履带板下，保证桩机行走和打桩的稳定性；桩机行走时，应将桩锤放置于桩架中下部以桩锤导向脚不伸出导杆末端为准。根据打桩机桩架下端的角度计初调桩架的垂直度。Pilingmachineinplace:Toensurethesuperficialsoilofthepilingmachinewithuniformforce,avoidunevensettlementandmaintaintheconstructionsafetyofpilingmachine,steelplatesshallbelaidunderthetrackshoestoensurethestabilityoftravelingandpiling;whenthepilingmachinetravels,itisrequiredtoputthehammeronthemiddleorlowerpartofpileframetotheextentthattheguidingfootofpilehammerdoesnotreachoutoftheendofguidebar.Theperpendicularityofpileframeshallbeadjustedaccordingtotheangleinthelowerpartofpileframeofpilingmachine.起吊对中和调直：吊车把桩吊到距桩机前3m以内，打桩机起吊12m以下的桩采用一点起吊，12m以上的桩采用两点吊，将第一节桩吊起，起吊速度均匀，在吊桩时，应有一人拉住大麻绳控制方向。起吊到一定高度，将桩顶喂入桩帽，桩尖插入桩位中心。对中：桩插入桩位中心后，先用桩锤自重将桩插入地下30～50cm，桩身稳定后，调正桩身、桩锤桩帽的中心线重合，使之与打入方向成一直线。调直：用两台经纬仪在打桩机15m以外成正交方向进行测量校正桩的垂直度。使插入地面时桩身的垂直度偏差不得大于0.5%。符合要求后开锤。Centeringandalignmentforlifting:Thepilesshallbeliftedtotheposition3maroundthepilingmachine.Thepilesbelow12mcanbeliftedbyonepointwhilethepilesover12mshallbeliftedbytwopoints.Thefirstsectionofpileshallbeliftedinevenspeed.Duringlifting,thereshallbeonepersonwhodrawsahempropetocontrolthedirectionoflifting.Whenitisliftedtoacertainlevel,feedthepilecapontothefiletopandinsertthepiletipintothecenterofpileposition.Centering:Whenthepileisinsertedintothecenterofpileposition,adjustthepilebodyinlinewiththecentrallineofpilehammerandcapandkeepitinastraightlineagainstthehammeringdirection.Alignment:Carryoutthesurveyoftheperpendicularityofpileinorthographicdirectionwithtwotheodolitesfromthepointofover15mandmakesuretheperpendicularitydeviationofpilebodyinsertedintothegroundnotmorethan0.5%.Whenitisprovedtobequalified,thepilingoperationcanbestarted.打第一节桩：打桩时必须采用桩锤自重或冷锤将桩徐徐打入，同时用经纬仪观察桩的中心位置和垂直度，确认无误后，再转为正常施打，如桩位偏差超出规范和设计要求时，拔出重新插桩，直至满足设计要求。打桩时，桩帽与桩周边的间隙应为5～10mm。桩锤与桩帽，桩帽与桩之间应加橡胶弹性衬垫。正常打桩宜采用重锤低击，锤击不得偏心。Pilingoffirstsection:Duringpiling,itisrequiredtostrikethepileslowlyviadeadweightofpilinghammerorcoldhammer.Inthemeantime,observethecentralpointandperpendicularitywiththeodolite.Afterconfirmingthecorrectness,itcanbeputintonormalstriking.Incasethatthedeviationoffilingpositionisbeyondthespecificationanddesignrequirements,itisrequiredtoremovethepileandinsertitonceagainuntilthedesignrequirementsaremet.接桩Pilejoining（1）待第一节桩打到桩头露出地面0.5～1.0m时，吊第二节桩，起吊到一定高度，桩顶进入桩帽，下端对准打入土中的第二节桩，接桩时上下节桩应保持顺直，中心线偏差不宜大于2mm(1)Whenthefirstsectionofpileishammeredtotheextentthatonly0.5～1.0mtipisleftoutoftheground,thesecondsectioncanbelifted.Whenitisliftedtoacertainlevel,thetopwillbegointothecapwiththelowerendagainstthesecondsectionofpileimmersedinthesoil.Thejoiningshallbekeptstraightandsmoothwithcentrallinetolerancenotmorethan2mmandthenodebendingvectorheightnotmorethan1‰ofthepilelength.（2）桩对接前，先将上、下节桩顶表面接头上的泥土、铁锈用钢丝刷刷净，对接后若上下桩接触面不密实，存有缝隙，可用厚度不超过5mm的楔铁嵌填，达到饱满为止，并焊接牢固。(2)Beforejoiningofpiles,theclayandrustonthesurfaceofupperandlowerpileendstobejoinedshallbecleanedupwithwirebrush.Incaseofanyclearanceduetopoorcontactbetweentheupperandlowerpileends,itcanbefilledwithironwedgeofnotmorethan5mmthickuntilisfullytightandtheneffectweldingfirmly.（3）接桩：桩垂直度校正后，点焊固定，焊接用两台焊机两人对角（面）施焊，焊缝应符合设计要求。焊接完成并经监理单位检验合格。焊缝自然冷却时间应符合设计要求，严禁用冷水冷却或焊好就施工。接桩处应按要求进行防腐。(3)Pilejoining:Afterthepilesarecorrectedvertically,effectspotweldingforfixing.Theweldingshallbedonebytwoweldingmachinesoperatedbytwoworkersindiagonaldirection.Theweldingseamshallcomplywiththedesignrequirement.Whentheweldingisfinished,itshallbesubjecttoacceptanceinspectionbysupervisionunit.Thenaturalcoolingtimeofweldingseamshallcomplywiththedesignrequirement.Itisnotallowedtocooldownwithcoolwaterorconstructjustafterwelding.Thepilejointsshallbetreatedwithpreservative.打第二节桩：将第二节桩打入高出地面0.2米后送桩。Pilingofsecondsection:Whenthesecondsectionofpileishammeredtotheextentthatonly0.2mfromtheground,thepileshallbe送桩：采用送桩器送桩，送桩器应有足够的强度、刚度和耐打性，送桩器长度根据送桩深度确定，送桩前在送桩器上以米为单位，并按从上至下的顺序标明长度，由打桩机主卷扬吊钩采用单点吊法将送桩器下口套在桩顶上，采用经纬仪调正桩锤、送桩器和桩三者的轴线在同一直线上。进行送桩至设计标高。Pilefollowing:Thepilefollowershallbeusedforpilefollowing.Thepilefollowershallhavesufficientintensity,rigidityanddurabilityanditslengthshalldependonthedepthforpilefollowing.Beforepilefollowing,markthelength(meter)fromtheuppertothelowerofthepilefollower.Thefollowershallbeliftedbythemainhoistofpiledriverinsinglepointliftingwaysoastofitthelowerportoverthepiletop.Thepilehammer,pilefollowerandpileshallbealignedinthesamelinebymeansoftheodolite.Then,thepilefollowingcanbedonetothedesignelevation.桩的最后控制：打桩最后停锤控制标准应满足设计图纸要求，桩顶标高偏差应在允许范围内，并记录好桩的桩顶标高和贯入度。若按桩的最后贯入度控制应在下列条件下测量：Finalcontrolofpiles:Thefinalhammerstopstandardforpilingshallmeettherequirementsofengineeringdrawings.Theelevationdeviationofpiletopshallbecontrolledwithinthepermittedrange.Thepiletopelevationandpenetrationofpilesshallberecordedproperly.Intermsoffinalpenetrationofpiles,themeasurementshallbeeffectedunderthefollowingconditions:锤的落距符合规定；桩帽和弹性垫层等正常；锤击没有偏心；桩顶没有破坏或破坏处已凿平。Thedropdistanceofhammershallcomplywiththestipulation;thepilecapandelasticunderlayshallbeinnormalcondition;thehammerstrikeisfreeofeccentricity;thepiletopshallbefreeofdamageorthedamagedparthasbeenflattenedbychipping.0当控制贯入度时，贯入度已达到设计要求而桩端标高未达到设计要求时，应继续锤击3阵，按每阵10击的贯入度不大于设计规定的数值加以确认。0Whenpenetrationisundercontrol,ifthepenetrationmeetsthedesignrequirementwhiletheelevationofpileendfailstomeetthedesignrequirement,itshallcontinuehammeringforthreerounds.Thepenetrationof10strokeseachroundshallbenotmorethanthespecifiedvalue.1异常情况处理1Disposalofabnormalconditions在打桩过程中如发现下列异常情况应及时与工程监理联系，采取补救办法后方可继续施打。Duringpiledriving,incaseofanyfollowingabnormalconditionsfound,itisnecessarytocontactwiththeprojectsupervisorsandtakeremediessoastocontinuethehammering.（1）贯入度剧变；(1)Radicalchangeofpenetration;（2）桩身突然发生倾斜、移位或有严重回弹；(2)Suddenincline,shiftorseriousreboundwiththefilebody;（3）桩顶或桩身出现严重裂缝或破碎。(3)Seriouscrackorcrashwithpiletoporpilebody2打桩质量要求2Qualityrequirementforpiledriving（1）桩帽或送桩器与桩周围的间隙应为5～10mm。(1)Theclearancebetweenth