英语 上海市青浦区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试卷

高三英语试卷第23页共23页2021学年第一学期高三年级期终学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷（时间120分钟，满分140分）Q2021.12考生注意：1．本试卷共13页。满分140分。考试时间120分钟。2．答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。3．答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Onafarm. B.Inaplane.C.Inacoffeeshop. D.Inarestaurant.2.A.160yuan. B.200yuan. C.360yuan. D.400yuan.3.A.Gocamping. B.Goskiing. C.Goshopping. D.Gosailing.4.A.Acityplanner. B.Ajudge. C.Apoliceman. D.Atourguide.5.A.Whattotakeupasahobby. B.Howtokeepfit.C.Whattoplaywith. D.Howtohandlepressure.6.A.Aliceshouldraisehervoice.B.Alicehastosetagoodexample.C.Hersonneedsanewwatch. D.Hersonhastoworkhard.7.A.Theman’sparentsarenotmodestenough.B.Themanshouldberecognizedbyhisparents.C.Theman’sparentshelpedhimgetthescholarship.D.Themanshouldbepraisedforhisaccomplishment.8.A.Sheisprettybutnotrichenough.B.Sheneedstolearnbudgetcarefully.C.Shemusthaveboughtanexpensivebag.D.Sheshouldhavemadeagoodplanforspending.9.A.ThebosstreatsJohnsoninanunfairmanner.B.Johnsonisnotwillingtoworkfarfromhome.C.Johnsonisnotintelligentenoughtobepromoted.D.Thebossputscooperationfirstwhilegivingpromotions.10.A.Thewomanremindedthemantobecarefulinthesupermarket.B.Themanwasunwisetogoshoppinginthetimeofcoronavirus.C.Themanwassupposedtohavewornamaskthismorning.D.Thewomanwarnedthemannottobetoocareful.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheshortpassagesandthelongerconversation.Theshortpassagesandthelongerconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itooktheshopper’scartbymistake.B.Ipushedtheshoppingcartontotheshopper.C.Myuncleshoutedatmeandhitmeonthehead.D.Myunclewasmakingamessinthemeatsection.12.A.Heletmepushtheshoppingcart. B.Hecoveredmewithanadvertisingleaflet.C.Hesmiledattheshopperwhowasreadyforbattle.D.Hepretendedtobeangryandapologizedtothevictim.13.A.Copingwithcircumstancescanbeplayful.B.Thewriter’sexperiencewithhisuncleisquitefrightening.C.Familymembersbenefittheirchildrengreatlyintheirgrowth.D.Childhoodlearningprocessisalwaysamatteroflifeanddeath.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Academictopics. B.Technologyanddesign.C.Culturaldifference. D.SiliconValley.15.A.TEDhasheldaconferenceyearlysince1990.B.TEDhasmadealotofmoneysofarandhelpedalotofpeople.C.TEDhasselectedaudiencetoensuretheengagementofthetopic.D.TEDhasachievedsuccesslargelyduetothequalityofthespeakers.16.A.ThetimelineofTED’sevolution. B.TheselectionofTED’saudience.C.ThereasonsforTED’spopularity. D.ThequalityofTED’sspeakers.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Whypeoplefeedoninsects.B.Includinginsectsinpeople’sdiets.C.Howinsectsaffecthumans’foodsources.D.Usinginsectstodevelophealthyeatinghabits.18.A.Theydidn’tfindinsectsdisgusting. B.Theywereusedtocookinginsects.C.Sometypesofinsecttasteddelicious. D.Findinginsectswaseasierthanhunting.19.A.Britainhasthelargestpopulationofinsecteaters.B.Oneperson’sinsectfoodcanbeanother’spoison.C.Foodcolouringmadefrominsectsaresaferthanthought.D.Insectscanhelphumanbeingstofightagainststarvation.20.A.Shehasn’teatenawholeinsect.B.Shehasconqueredherfearofinsects.C.Sheistryingtomakeflourfrominsects.D.Shedoesn’tconsiderinsectsasourceofprotein.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LostatseaTwomenfromtheSolomonIslandshavebeenrescuedafterspending29dayslostatsea.Themen__21__(travel)toanotherislandwhenheavyrainandwindtookthemouttosea.Thetwomensurvivedonorangestheyhadpacked,coconutstheyfoundintheseaandbygatheringrainwater.“Ilookforwardtogoingbackhome__22__Iguessitwasanicebreakfromeverything,”oneofthemen,LivaeNanjikana,

toldTheGuardian.NanjikanaandJuniorQolonitookofffromMonoIslandonSept.3inamotorboattotravel200kmtoNoroonNewGeorgiaIsland.However,soonaftertheysetout,theirboatwashitbyheavywindsandrain,whichmadeunclearthecoastlinetheywerefollowing__23__aguide.

“Whenthebadweathercame,itwasbad,butitwas__24__(bad)andbecamescarywhentheGPSdied,”hesaid.“Wecouldn’tseewhereweweregoingandsowejustdecidedtostoptheengineandwait,__25__(save)fuel.”Whentherainhadfinallypassed,NanjikanaandQolonihadalreadydriftedfarouttosea.Theyspentthenext29days__26__(live)offoflimitedsuppliesandbygatheringrainwaterwith__27__theycouldmakeuseoftokeepthemselvesalive.AfishermanfoundandrescuedthetwomenonOct.2offthecoastofNewBritain,PapuaNewGuinea,about400kmfrom__28__theyhadstarted.NanjikanaandQoloni__29__(bring)toalocalhealthclinicfortreatmentandarestayingtemporarilywithalocalman,JoeKolealo,untilthey__30__returnhome.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.inclusionB.significantC.excludeD.implementE.savingF.houseG.confirmedH.interconnectedI.desirabilityJ.ambitiousK.concentratingPlansrevealedforhigh-tech“10-minutecity”inSeoulTheideaofa“15-minutecity”,inwhichresidentscanallreachworkandleisurefacilitieswithinaquarter-hourwalk—orcycle—oftheirhomes,hasgained__31__attentionamongurbanplannersduringtheCovid-19pandemic.

Now,agroupofarchitectsisplanninganevenmore__32__neighborhoodinSouthKorea'scapital,Seoul:a10-minutecity.Named“ProjectH1”,thedevelopmentissettotransformanoldindustrialsiteintoa(n)__33__“smart”city.Combiningeightresidentialbuildingswithco-workingofficesandstudyspaces,the125-acredistrictisalsosetto__34__entertainmentsites,fitnesscenters,swimmingpoolsandevenurbanfarms.DesignedbyDutcharchitecturefirmUNStudioandbackedbyarealestatefirm,theneighborhoodwillalsobecompletelycar-free.Apressreleasefortheprojectclaimedthat“alltheconveniencesofthecity”willbewithina10-minutewalkofpeople’shomes.

Inastatement,UNStudioco-founderBenvanBerkelsaidthatresidents’“dailylifeexperience”istheproject’s“toppriority”.

“Wedothisthroughthe__35__ofarichdensityofuplifting,on-siteexperiencesthatprovideanextensiverangeofoptionsforhowtheycanspendtheirliving,workingandleisuretime,therebyalso__36__themthetimeneededtotravelelsewhereinthecity,”heisquotedassaying.AspokespersonforUNStudio__37__thatprojecthasbeengreen-litbutdidnotrevealwhenitislikelytobreakground.Thearchitectsalsosaidthatcleanenergywillbeproducedonsite,whilesystemstocaptureandstorerainarebeingdesignedtoreducewateruse.Criticshavesuggestedthattheconceptcouldcauseurbanrenewalbyfurther__38__wealthinthemostaccessibleandconvenientdistricts.The__39__of“15-minute”neighborhoodsmay,inturn,resultinhomepricesthat__40__low-incomeandmarginalizedcommunities.ButtheCovid-19pandemichasseengrowinginterestintheconcept.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.LastyearMirandaLimfoundthattakingcareofthreeyoungchildrenhomeboundbythepandemicmeantsheoftenhadtoworklateintotheeveningtostayontopofherjob.Concernedthatthe__41__hourswerehavingabadeffectonhersleep,Limstartedtrackinghersleeptimewithanapponhermobilephone.Shewasn’tquite__42__theresults.“Isawmybedtimewas__43__anywherebetween9p.m.and3a.m.,”shesays.“Iwasjusthorrified.”Asaresult,sheimmediatelysetupadailyalarm—notforwakingup,butfor__44__tobedatareasonablehour.It’s__45__whyLimwouldbeabitofanalarmistwhenthreatenedwithalackofaconstantnight’ssleep.AsasleepdisordersphysicianattheVAPortlandHealthCareSystem,Limisattheforefrontofaglobalteamofmedicalresearcherswhohaveinrecentyearsbeen__46__thewaysinwhichevenmoderatesleepshortageinmiddleagestronglylinktoAlzheimer’sdiseaselaterinlife.Shesays,“Ourbigdiscoverywasthatthelackofsleepinvolvesbrainprocessesthatmay__47__intothedisease.”Thefindingthatgettingmoreandbettersleepcouldofferthebest,and__48__only,waytosignificantlyreducetherisksofneuro-degeneration(神经退化)inolderageislikelytofurther__49__analreadyhotsleepindustry.MarketresearchfirmInfiniumGlobalResearchputsthecurrentworldwidemarketforsleep__50__—includingdrugs,specialbedding,andhealthcareservices—atanestimated$80billion–plus,andpredictsitwill__51__to$114billionoverthenextfiveyears.ResearchfirmBCChasbeenprojectingasimilargrowthrate.NowTimO’Brien,whoheadslifesciencescontentatBCC,sayshe’swatchingfor“asuddenleap”.Thatleapwouldbedrivennotonlybyconsumer’s__52__pursuitofbettersleep-relatedhealth,butalsobyastreamofnew__53__andtechnologiesthatareemergingtohelpachieveit,fromsleepdrugstoimplantablemedicaldevicestosmartpillows.Fitbit’scompanionappoffersarangeofinsightsandexercisesaimedat__54__sleep,includingsleep“scores”thatbreakdowndifferentaspectsofsleep,recommendationsforwhentogettobedandwhentowakeup,deepbreathingandmindfulnessexercises,andmore.Inaddition,abigpushintothemarketisbeingmadeby__55__anumberofsleep-trackingandsleep-promotingfeaturesintothelatestversionofits“NestHub”smartspeaker-and-screendevice.Nevertheless,someexpertsthinkthetechcanhelpwithslightpushes,butpeoplestillhavetodevelopthehealthyhabits.41.A.uncertain B.flexible C.extended D.fixed42.A.interestedin B.amazedat C.replacedwith D.preparedfor43.A.flying B.bouncing C.flashing D.ringing44.A.headingoff B.payingoff C.puttingoff D.givingoff45.A.sensible B.natural C.understandable D.surprising46.A.cuttingdown B.comparingwith C.thinkingabout D.figuringout47. A.transform B.develop C.explore D.innovate48. A.ultimately B.seemingly C.possibly D.slightly49.A.fuel B.urge C.peak D.sue50.A.layers B.trends C.aids D.tribes51. A.appeal B.climb C.resort D.flow52. A.demanding B.intensifying C.foreseeing D.existing53.A.therapies B.options C.experiments D.schedules54.A.monitoring B.affecting C.hanging D.boosting55.A.packing B.removing C.contrasting D.mixingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)I’vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnuttree.It’sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It’spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesthatIbroughthomewithhopesthatmaybetheblackwalnutwouldacceptthem,buttheyfailedtoflourish.Whatdoesworkarenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Nativeplantsareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(传粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsandcontributetoahealthyandbiodiverseenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyard?Yes,however,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.It’salsoprotectedunderthelaw.Rightfullyso.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican’timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.I’dmissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleaves.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseasonholds:Whatarethechancesofbeingknockedunconsciouswhilebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I’llneverbepleased.I’mstuckwiththistree,soI’lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminderthat_________________.56.Whydoestheauthorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden?A.Toprotecttheinjuredskull. B.Topreventherselffromsunburn.C.Toavoidbeinghitbythenuts. D.Toreducethechanceofgettingbittenbybees.57.Whatisthetree’ssurvivalstrategy?A.Itattractsbeneficialpollinators.B.Itletsoutpoisontodriveawaypests.C.Itproducesachemicalfataltosomeplants.D.Itcompetesfornutritionwithsimilarspecies.58.WhichofthefollowingDOESN’Taccountfortheauthor’slove-haterelationshipwiththetree?A.Thevolumeofitsfruitsmaybringinconvenience.B.Thetreeoutcompetesthenativeplantsinthegarden.C.Thetreeishometonumerousbirdsandothercreatures.D.Thepresenceofthetreetakesupmuchspaceofthegarden.59.Theauthormostprobablygotareminderfromthetreethat______.A.it’sbettertogivethantotakeB.treesandplantshavetheirownwaystoflourishC.evenagoodrelationshipisnotalwaystrouble-freeD.acceptance,insteadofresistance,isthebetterwaytobe(B)Robotsreallyarereplacingusflesh-and-bonetypes.They’remakinglunch,writingnovels…thelistgoesonandon.Whathumancancompete—especiallygiventhatrobotsdon’tcomplain,askforraises,orgetdrunkattheChristmasparty?Tocelebratethe100thanniversaryofthecoiningofthewordrobotbyKarelCapek,wethoughtitwouldbefuntotakealookatanothersideofrobotkind.YouCallThatService?Afewyearsback,aJapanesehotelhired243robotstocoverpositionsrangingfromdoormantobellboy.Unfortunately,thecheck-inrobotshadtroubleansweringguests’questionsandphoto-copyingpassports,whilebellboyrobotskeptbangingintowallsandtrippingovercurbs.Onein-roomassistantrobotsprangtoattentioneverytimetheguestsnored(打鼾),saying,“Sorry,Icouldn’tcatchthat.Couldyourepeatyourrequest?”YouLookFamiliarFacialrecognitionsoftwarehasoneproblem—itcan’talwaysrecognizefaces.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionprovedthatpointwhenitusedtheAmazonRekognitionsoftwaretomatchphotosofcriminalsto28membersofCongress.Butwhataboutsoccerballrecognition?Duringamatchlastyear,aScottishsoccerteamunveiledAI-programmedvideocamerasdesignedtoautomaticallyfollowtheball.Alas,thecamerasconstantlymistookthereferee’sbaldheadforthesoccerball.WhateverYouDo,Don’tAngerSophia“Sophia”isasocialhumanoidrobotdevelopedbyHansonRobotics.She/Ithasanattractiveface,withhighcheekbones,andimpressiveeyebrows.AndshecanholdaconversationtorivalthemerechatofApple’sSiri.Thisissurelytherobotofthefuture.WhenCEODavidHansonandSophiaappearedonaTVprogram,Hansonaskedtherobotthequestionhumanshavebeenaskingthemselvesforyears:“Sophia,doyouwanttodestroyhumans?”Withouthesitation,Sophia—smilingabittoobroadlyforourtaste—responded,“OK,Iwilldestroyhumans.”Humans,youhavebeenwarned.60.“Anotherside”ofrobotkindinthefirstparagraphcanbedescribedas______.A.advanced B.aggressive C.amazing D.awkward61.Whichofthefollowingreflectstherealityaccordingtothethreestories?A.Therobotsarefunctioningproperlyashumanlabor.B.TherobotSophiainterpretedHanson’squestionasarequest.C.Thefacialrecognitionsoftwaremakesaccuratesearchesforthetarget.D.Thehotelin-roomrobotpaidcloseattentiontotheguest’shealthcondition.62.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.RobotsGoneWild B.RobotsOntheRiseC.RobotsTakingOver D.RobotsUnderDebate(C)SciencemayneverknowwhatmemoriesplayonthemindoftheCaliforniaseahare,afoot-longmarinesnail,wheniteatsalgae—aseaplant—inthetidepoolsofthePacificcoast.Butinanewstudy,researchersclaimtohavemadeheadwayinunderstandingthesimplestkindofmemoryacreaturemightform.DavidGlanzman,aneurobiologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,believesthekindsofmemoriesthattriggeradefensivereactioninthesnailareencodednotintheconnectionsbetweenbraincells,asmanyscientistswouldargue,butinRNAmolecules(分子)thatformpartofanorganism’sgeneticmachinery.Inanexperimenttotesttheidea,GlanzmanimplantedwireintothetailsofCaliforniaseahares,andgavethemaseriesofelectricalshocks.Theproceduresensitizedtheanimalssothatwhentheywereprodded(戳)inafleshyspoutcalledasiphon,theycontractedtheirgills(鳃状呼吸器官)inastrongdefensiveaction.Aftersensitizingtheseasnails,GlanzmanextractedRNAfromtheanimalsandinjecteditintootherseasnailstoseewhathappened.Hefoundtherecipientseasnailsbecamesensitized,suggestingthe“memory”oftheelectricalshockshadbeentransplanted.WhenGlanzmanrepeatedtheexperimentwithRNAfromseasnailsthathadbeenhookeduptowiresbutnotshocked,thereactionbehaviordidnottransfer.Despitetheresult,theworkhasnotfoundwidespreadacceptance.“Obviouslyfurtherworkneedstobecarriedouttodeterminewhetherthesechangescanhappenwithoutfailureinawiderangeofconditions,”saidProfSherilynnVann,whostudiesmemoryatCardiffUniversity.“Whiletheseahareisafantasticmodelforstudyingbasicneuroscience,wemustbeverycautiousindrawingcomparisonstohumanmemoryprocesses.”TomasRyan,whostudiesmemoryatTrinityCollegeDublin,isfirmlyunconvinced.“It’sinteresting,butIdon’tthinkthey’vetransferredamemory,”hesaid.“ThisworktellsmethatmaybethemostbasicbehavioralresponsesinvolvesomekindofswitchintheanimalandthereissomethingintheliquidthatGlanzmanextractsthatishittingthatswitch.”ButRyanaddedthatdifferentthinkingaboutmemorywasbadlyneeded:“Inafieldlikethiswhichissofullofacceptedbeliefs,weneedasmanynewideasaspossible.Thisworktakesusdownaninterestingroad,butIhaveahugeamountofskepticismaboutit.”63.Whyweretheseaharesgivenelectricalshocks?A.Torobthemoftheirmemory.B.Toseehowtheydefendthemselves.C.Tobreaktheconnectionbetweennerves.D.Tomakethemsensitivetoexternalstimulations.64.WhatconclusionmayGlanzmandrawfromtheexperiment?A.Memorycanbeencodedandchangedbypeople.B.Onlywithstrongstimulationcanseasnailsformreaction.C.Thememorygivingrisetoseasnail’ssensitizationisheldinRNA.D.Theseasnail’sdefenseisprobablyenabledbyconnectivityofbraincells.65.Accordingtothepassage,thelimitationsofGlanzman’sexperimentinvolvethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.Therecipientseasnail’sresponsemayrequirefurtherconfirmation.B.Variables(变量)intheexperimentsmaynothaveremainedthesame.C.SomethingelseotherthanRNAintheextractmayleadtotherecipient’sreaction.D.Theseasnail“memorytransplant”maynotapplytomorecomplexmemoryprocess.66.Theunderlinedword“skepticism”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.criticism B.doubt C.relief D.optimismSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Butinsiderssaytheroadfrom“kidsonly”to“adultswelcome”wasalong,uphillclimb.B.AFOLsarealsoorganizingunofficialLegofanconventionsandnetworkinginonlineusergroups.C.GonearethedayswhenlabelsonLegoboxesstatedthatthecontentswereappropriateonlyforboysages7to12.D.Attitudesbegantoshiftinthelate1990sandearly2000swhentheonce-invulnerabletoymakerstartedtostruggle.E.AFOLswerehavingadramaticimpactonLego’sbottomlineyearsbeforethecompanyrecognizedtheirvalue.F.“Beforethelate1990s,thecompanydidn’tthinktheiradultfanshadvalue,”saysSmith-Meyer,whoheldavarietyofseniorpostsatLegofrom2000to2014.Theinsidestoryofhowa“bandofmisfits”savedLegoWhenexecutivesattoymakerLegofirstlearnedthatadultswerebuyinglargequantitiesoftheirinterlockingplasticbricksandgettingtogethertobuildLegocreationsoftheirown,“theythoughtitwasverystrange,”saysPaalSmith-Meyer.____67____“Leadershipactuallythought‘adults’weretakingawayfromthebrand.”Thankstoahandfulofemployeeswhoworkedtochangeattitudesinsidethecompany,Legoisnolongerembarrassedbyitsadultfans.____68____Thebygoneslogans“JustImagine...”and“PlayOn”havebeenovershadowedbyLego’snewestmarketingmotto:“AdultsWelcome”.EvensuperstarathletesandentertainerslikeEdSheeran,DwightHoward,andDavidBeckhamboastopenlyabouttheiraffectionforLegobuildingsets.TodayLegoistheworld’slargestandmostprofitabletoymaker.TheLegobrickwasnamed“ToyoftheCentury”in1999,andin2014Timemagazinecrowneditthe“MostInfluentialToyofAllTime”,aheadofBarbie,G.I.Joe,andtheEasyBakeOven.TheenthusiasmandbuyingpowerofAdultFansofLego—orAFOLs,asthey’reknownintheindustry—playedamajorroleinthecompany’srisetothetop.____69____LegofounderOleKirkKristiansenalwaysknewhewantedtomarkethisproductsexclusivelytokids.Asthecompanygrewoveritsfirstsixdecades,fewimaginedthatitsproductscouldappealasmuchtoadultsastochildren.____70____Twodecadesago,whenLegobeganmakinglicensedsetsinspiredbyhitmovieslikeStarWarsandHarryPotter,itwasadultfanswhosnatchedupmostofthemerchandise.DespitethebenefitsAFOLsbroughttothebrand,executivesatthecompany’scorporateofficesinBillund,Denmarkhadlittleinterestincateringtoadultcustomers.AsfanmailandproductideaspouredinfromAFOLsaroundtheworld,thecompanyposteditsoff-puttingposition:“Wedon’tacceptunsolicitedideas.”“Adultfanswereoftenseenasasourceofirritation,”saysJakeMcKee,aLegoexecutivefrom2000to2006whooversawthecompany’sGlobalCommunityDevelopmentteam.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.RockClimbing—conservationists’newconcernNow,withitsfirstappearanceatthisyear’sTokyoOlympics,theonceminoritysportissettoreachnewheights.Yetthepopularityofrockclimbinganditssistersport,bouldering(whereclimbersscrambleuplargerockswithouttheuseofropesorsafetybelts),israisingquestionsaboutthedamagingenvironmentaleffectsofclimbingchalk—acommonandessentialclimbingtool.Madefrommagnesiumcarbonate(碳酸镁),climbingchalkisthesamesubstancethatgymnastsandweightliftersusetoimprovetheirgrasponbarsandweights.Infact,itwasfirstintroducedtorockclimbinginthe1950sbyJohnGill.Sincethen,amateurandprofessionalclimbersalikehavecometodependonthechalk’spropertiesofremovingwaterandincreasingfriction(摩擦力)—andhavebeenleavinglongstripesofthestuffonrockfacesaroundtheworld.Theresulting“chalkgraffiti”hasbecomesobadintheUnitedStatesthatparksarebeginningtorestrictitsuse.Utah’sArchesNationalParkallowsonlycoloredchalkthatmostlymatchesrocks,whileColorado’sGardenoftheGodsNationalNaturalLandmarkbannedallchalkandchalksubstitutes.Beyondthevisualpollution,newresearchsuggestschalkmaybeharmingtheplantsthatgrowonrocks.Thelateststudyontheeffectsofclimbingchalk,releasedOctober2020,foundthatitnegativelyimpactedboththegrowingandsurvivaloffourspeciesoffernsandmosses(蕨类和苔藓)inhabitingrocksinlaboratorysettings.Thatmattersbecausesomeclimbingspots,suchaserraticboulders(thestudy’sfocus),hostuniqueecosystems.Theseunpredictableboulders—rocksscatteredacrosstheglobebylargemassesofslowlyflowingiceattheendoftheIceAge—areislandsofvegetation,differentfromthelandtheysiton.It’snotevenclearwhetherchalkimprovesclimbingperformanceatall.Somepapersfoundnoadditionalgripbenefits,whileothersfoundtheopposite.Someclimbersmayfindithelpful,saysDanielHepenstrick,aco-author