Introduction英国文学部分

AnIntroductionto

EnglishLiteratureCourseLecture11

FORSS:

Today’sExpectations

Toacquirethesenseandmainformsofliterature;Tounderstandyourpurposefortakingthiscourseorthefunctionsofliterature;Tomakeclearthatwhatbenefitsyoucangetfromthiscourse;Tohave,inyourmind,anoutlineofEnglishliterature24QstoAnswerQ1:Whatisliterature?

Q2:ThegenresofLiterature?Q3:WhydowehavetoreadWesternliterature?Q4:Whatbenefitsdowegetfromthiscourse?3Q1:Whatisliterature?Origin:(latin)littera:有学问的，学识的literaryadj.文学(上)的,从事写作的,文艺的,精通文学的,书本的eg:literarycriticism.文学批评aliteraryman文人literaryworks文学作品literaryfilm文艺片literaryreport文学报告literate:n.（名词）Onewhocanreadandwrite.Awell-informed,educatedperson.受过教育的博学的人4Inthewidestsense,literatureisjustaboutanythingwritten,buthowaboutguidebookstoJiuzhaigou,recipebooksortelephonedirectoriesetc.Sointhemorespecializedsenseofthewordliteratureistheartthatuseslanguageasamedium5Definition:

Pleasedefineitwithyourownwords.Abodyofwritingsinproseorverse.文学：用散文体或韵文体所写的文字Imaginativeorcreativewriting,especiallyofrecognizedartisticvalue:文学作品：富有想象力或创造力的作品，尤指具有公认艺术价值的：“Literaturemustbeananalysisofexperienceandasynthesisofthefindingsintoaunity”(RebeccaWest)“文学必须是对经验的分析和对新发现的综合统一”(丽贝卡·韦斯特)6Theartoroccupationofaliterarywriter.文学；作家：一个文学作者的艺术或职业Thebodyofwrittenworkproducedbyscholarsorresearchersinagivenfield:文献：某一领域内的学者或研究人员所制作的文字Eg:medicalliterature.医学文献collectedalltheavailableliteratureonthesubject.收集有关这一主题的所有可得的印刷资料（Music）Allthecompositionsofacertainkindorforaspecificinstrumentorensemble:【音乐】音乐文献：为某一特定乐器或团体所作的或属于某一种类的所有音乐作品：Eg:thesymphonicliterature.交响文献7LiteratureinMasters’eyes

☞

Literatureistheartofwritingsomethingthatwillbereadtwice;journalismwhatwillbegraspedatonce.

CyrilConnolly(1903–1974),Britishcritic

☞Literatureistheexpressionofafeelingofdeprivation,arecourseagainstasenseofsomethingmissing.Butthecontraryisalsotrue:languageiswhatmakesushuman.Itisarecourseagainstthemeaninglessnoiseandsilenceofnatureandhistory.

OctavioPaz(b.1914),Mexicanpoet8

☞Literatureisatoilandasnare,acursethatbitesdeep.

D.H.(DavidHerbert)Lawrence(1885–1930),Britishauthor☞Greatliteratureissimplylanguagechargedwithmeaningtotheutmostpossibledegree.

EzraPound(1885–1972),U.S.poet,critic

☞Literaturehasbeenthesalvationofthedamned,literaturehasinspiredandguidedlovers,routeddespairandcanperhapsinthiscasesavetheworld.

JohnCheever

9

☞Ifliteratureisnoteverything,it’snotworthasinglehourofsomeone’strouble.

Jean-PaulSartre(1905–1980),Frenchphilosopher,author

☞Literatureismostlyabouthavingsexandnotmuchabouthavingchildren.Lifeistheotherwayaround.

JohnK.VanDeCamp(20thcentury),attorneygeneralofCalifornia

☞Medicineismylawfulwifeandliteraturemymistress;whenIgettiredofone,Ispendthenightwiththeother.

AntonPavlovichChekhov(1860–1904),Russianauthor,playwright

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Q2:ThegenresofLiterature?

Itcontainsfiction&non-fiction.Fiction:4genres(species),

NOVELS,SHORTSTORIES,PLAYS&POEMS.Non-fiction:ESSAY,whichhastraditionallybeenclassifiedinto4categories,theformsofdiscoursedescription,narration,exposition&argumentation.11Q3:WhatDoWeReadforinWesternLiterature?Level1Foremotionalsatisfaction

Tothereadersofthislevel,novelsarerecreationalandtherapeutic.Level2Forhermeneutic(explanatory)functionReadersatthislevel

believethatliteraturegainsaccesstoquestionsofmoralphilosophy,sotheytrytoreadasmanymeaningsastheycanintoliterarypieces.12Level3Forrhetoricandphilology(linguistics):

Readersatthisleveldonotallowthemselvestobepassivelymanipulatedbyeithermovingplotsorfascinatingcharacters.Instead,theyhaveanawarenessofhowauthorsmanipulatedreaders,ofwhatthemodeofnarrationis,ofwhothespeakerisandwhatthebenefitofthechoiceis.13Q4:Whatbenefitsdowegetfromthiscourse?

AgoodcommandofthetargetlanguageGeneralknowledgeoftheculture,literatureandhistoryofthecountryinwhichthetargetlanguageisspokennativeAprofoundmindandaninsightforEnglishliterature14FURTHERMORE,

Throughreading,tosharpenyourlanguageawarenessandimproveyouroveralllanguageproficiency.Tohelptobroadenyourculturalandintellectualunderstanding.15AnOutlineofEnglishLiteratureOldEnglishPeriod

(Anglo-Saxon,449-1066,folkepic)MedievalEnglishPeriod

(Anglo-Norman,1066-1485):

ⅰMedievalRomance(1066-1340)

ⅱThePopularBallads(The15th-Century)TheAgeofChaucer(1343-1400):“TheCanterburytales”｛16

ThePeriodofRenaissance(1485-1603)

(The16th-CenturyEnglishLiterature):

ⅰThomasMore,“Utopia”

ⅱTheAgeofShakespeare

ThePeriodofTheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution(1603-1700)

(The17th-CenturyEnglishLiterature):

ⅰThePuritanAge:Milton,“ParadiseLost”

ⅱMetaphysicalPoetsandCavalierPoets｛｛17

TheEighteenth-CenturyEnglishLiterature(1700-1798):

ⅰEnlightenmentMovement启蒙主义运动ⅱNeo-classicism新古典主义ⅲRealism现实主义ⅳSentimentalism感伤主义ⅴGothicNovel歌特式小说｛18

TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832):

a.

desireforthegoodoldtimes

ⅰPoetry

b.Lookingintothefuture

e.g.Wordsworth,Coleridge/Byron,Shelley,andKeats

a.WalterScott

ⅱNovels

b.JaneAusten｛｛19

TheVictorianPeriod(1832-1900):

ⅰCriticRealism批判现实主义:Dickens,ThackerayⅱNaturalism自然主义:ThomasHardyⅲWomenNovelists:

TheBronteSisters(CharlotteandEmily)

ⅳAestheticism唯美主义:

OscarWilde｛20

TheTwentieth-CenturyEnglishLiterature(1900-1970):