翻译理论2013第二学期

TranslationChinese-Anoverviewof4translationstrategiesLiteralorfreeLT:aword-for-wordtranslationstrivingtoreproduceboththeoriginalmessageandstructuralpatternsincludingfiguresofspeechFT:asupplementarymeanstomainlyconveytheprimarymeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitspatternsorfiguresofspeechMischiefscomebythepoundandgoawaybytheounce.灾祸成磅来，退去成盎司病来如山倒，病去如抽丝Underone's--在鼻--在眼Acathasnine猫有九--九死一Bloodisthickerthan血浓于--亲情难Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth;shethinksshecandowhatshelikes.Butthediewascast,hecouldnotgo--但事已定局，不容翻悔--loveispatienceandkindness;loveisnotjealousandboast;loveisnotarroganceandrudeness.--youshoulddisplayyourspecialprowesslikeeightimmortals(inChineselegend)crossingthesea,tofulfillthistask.我是半路，可能干不好这工作--Ihavenotreceivedregulartrainingforthejob,soImaynottwell.管它三七二十一，先吃个饱再说--whateveryousay,I’dliketoeatmyfill.我们的朋友遍天下--Our DomesticationandforeignizationD:atransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizestrangenessoftheforeigntextforlanguagereaders(归化)F:a textdelibera ybreaksconventionsbyretainingsth.oftheforeignnessofthe(异化巧妇难为无米之LT:Eventhecleverestwomancannotcookamealwithoutrice.----FT:Nobodycanmakesomethingoutofnothing.Equivalent:Onecannotmakebrickswithoutstraw---HighbuildingsandlargemansionsarespringinguplikemushroomsinBeijing. ，高 犹如雨后春笋般涌现 ，高 犹如蘑菇般涌现Unlessyou’veanaceupyoursleeve,wearedished.除非你有锦囊妙计，否则我们输定除非你袖中藏有王牌，否则我们输定了布衣蔬--wearcoarseclothesandeatsimple--wearclothesofcottonandeatWording一、根据上下文正确理解原文的词语言情境而千变万化，因此，须青山blue青 大城市bigcitymajor大 heavy greatambition largeamount大人物vip大道理general(major)进行carryoutengagedin进行实地makearesearchontheconductanucleartakeavote/putsthtohavea进 commitaggression进 launch“取消取消会议取消会员资格depriveone's取消决定takebacka取消禁令lift取消诺言breakone’s二、辨析词义和正确选Agricultureisthefoundationnational农林牧副渔互相结合的方theprincipleoffarming,forestry,husbandry,sideoccupationsand他从不喝酒Heneverdrinks他从不喝烈性酒.........Strongwine/Iwantedtobeaman,andamanI我立志做一个真正的人；我现在终于成Thehungryboydevouredhis--那饥饿的孩子狼吞虎咽地吃完--theypreachidealism,whileweadvocatematerialism这小伙子干活真冲--thisguyisfullofAmplificationand1--Isn’titridiculousthatyouwantahorsetorunfastwithouteatinggrass(whileyoudon’tgrazeit)?--CalmlyMotherlookedaroundbeforesheturnedbackfearlessly,closingthedoorbehindheranddashedtothewindow.--Inordertogetagreatamountofwaterpower,weneedlargepressureandcurrent.--Lazilysherose.Herhusbandprobablywouldnotcomehome,shesupposed.--Meichun,protectingherheadwithherarms,contractedherbody.--Itistimeforustotakeeffective--Wethinkitimportanttoapplytheoryintopractice.他不愿意，我们干吗强迫他干--Ifheisunwilling,whyshouldweforcehimto 或：Whyshouldweforcehimto sinceheisunwilling?Evenifyougothere,therewon’tbeanyThewindwassostrongthathefounditdifficulttokeeponhisfeet.--风如此之大，以致他发现站住脚很 Ifoncevirtueislost,allisSocialdistancecanbedifficultto--社会差异很难克服--社会等级差异有时很难克服Whenhewasaccusedoftheft,heturnedred. 我们 必须具有公仆意识--Ourcadresmustbeconsciousoftheirobligationsaspublicservants.HewaskilledinacaraccidentonanicyDenverstreet,onhiswayhometohiswifeandinfantdaughter.--他在一条冰雪覆盖的大街上丧生于 轻的妻子和还在襁褓中的女儿身AfterwardshewasconvictedofconspiringagainstthelifeofthequeenandwashangedinJune,1594--后来他被指控 39）IfIjustkeptmyeyeslockedonthebackofmybrother’struck,ifIjustmademywheelsfollowhiswheels,I’dbe.只要盯住弟弟的卡车，跟在他后面，让只有雨还在刷刷地、刷 着--OnlytheraincontinuedtoWomenscreamed,andkidshowled,butthemenstoodsilent,watching,interestedinthe --女人尖叫，小孩欢闹， 着，对结果感。闹，们则静静地立在那儿袖手旁观，饶有兴味地等着看结果Quietandshy,hewasnevermorecomfortablethanwhenathis --BythistimeMissLuhadchangedoutofherceremonialdressintoanordinarygown,andthenZhulookedatherclosely,hesawthatherbeautywouldputtheflowerstoHisfamilywasverypoor,butheworkedhardathisstudieseveninearlychildhood.满足译文语境的需Iwasallbutdancingwithimpatienceinthecheckoutlineandsighedwithexasperation.Hearingme,hes --站在结帐队伍里的我不耐烦地在动来动去，恼怒地叹了口气。听到叹气声，他歉意地笑了。Inevertoldmylovevocally;still,iflookshavelanguage,themerestidiotmighthaveguessedIwasoverheadandears.--我从没有把自个儿的爱情说出口，可是如果眉目也能传情，那么即使也能--Shesuddenlyfeltherhearttighten,andbegantocry.Theyweretearsofjoy,andofsatisfaction. 的。”他欣然答应了--Iwantedhimtopaintmesomethinghe’dneverpaintedbefore.WhenIaskedhim,hereadilyagreed.ToaddfueltotheTobeonthinStrikewhiletheironisAdropintheTolaughoffone'sTobeoutaAtsixesandOneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.火上加如履薄趁热打沧海一笑掉牙捉襟见乱七八Theteenagersdon'tinviteBobtotheirpartiesbecauseheisawetblanket.Tobreaktheice,Tedspokeofhisinterestinmountainclimbing,andtheysoonhadacoversationgoing.Overthepastseveralweeks,shehadgrownincreasinglyrestless.Youshouldkeepyounoseoutof 他是个令人扫兴的....为了打破沉默 越来越六神无 不要多管闲Inadangerousanduncertainworld,thestrengtheningofnationaldefenceisthebestguaranteeofanation'svitalinterestsHisbodywasperfect,alivewitheasysupplenessandhealthandstrengthAvisionofcountlesscolorfulflowersblindedhiseyes.AndthenIfellasleepandonlywokeatbroaddayConversion词类转换 译时有时候就必须进行词性的转5.1名词与动词的互相转Hisacceptanceofbribesledtohis--他 Exhaustgasesfromboilers,vehicles,etc.，causeairpollutionincities.3）Theworldisblindedbyhisfortuneandconsequence,orfrightenedbyhisandimposing他有钱有势，蒙蔽了天下人的耳目，他那目空一切、盛气凌人的气派又吓坏了所有人。Sheturnedtowardsmeimmediay.Theeasyeleganceofeverymovementofherlimbsandbodyassoonasshebegantoadvancefromthefarendoftheroom,setmeinaflutterofexpectationtoseeherfaceclearly. Attheturnofaswitch,wecanseewhataretakingplaceaaway.Butaftermuchhesitationhefinallydecidedtoseemeoffhimself.WhythereminiscenceshouldevokesuchastrongemotionIdonotunderstand.Onreflection,however,thereasonisreallyvery（如figure,impress,behave,witness,mean,Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolisetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofall随着的进行，他将成为他们受挫的象征，是BeforeJackLondon,thefictiondealingwiththeworking-classwascharacterizedbysympathyforlaborandtheunderprivileged,butchieflyinthespiritofChristianprinciplesofbrotherhood.种同情主要出于提倡的兄弟友爱精神二、英语有些句译成汉语时，其动词可以译Theywillneedplentyofpersuading,formanyofthemhavebeenbadlyburnt.到过很大的。But,onehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.但是，一百年过去了，仍然未获。一百年过去了，的生活仍在受着和这三、英语中某些感觉动词，如lodse；sme；feel等，在译成汉语时，可考虑转换成名词Theflowerssmells这些花气味芬芳Ittastestoomuchof这东西大蒜的味道太重Hedidnotlookoractlikehisusual他此时的样子和表现都一反常Sheseemedtooignorantofthewaysoftheworld.她好像太不懂世道常情了Presentlyshebecameawareoffootstepshurryingafterher.Hesatpensiveandsilent.我越来越思念故乡，也越来越尊重Withthepassingofdays,I moreandmorehomesickandmoreandmorerespectfulofmyoldhomeHesattherereadingthebook,obliviousofthepeoplenearby.Sothenextmorning,theconversationover,onelookeditup.MenranroundtheSpurr’shouselookingforawayin,butitseemedimpossible.Blushing,fidgetingnervouslywithhistie,blinkingtimidly,hefacedussilentlyfora这种帽子流行了去年一阵子Thishatwasinforawhilelast三天后，又起床活动了Threedayslater,patientwasupandaboutagain.Theradioison.Shesatsilentlyforawhile,thenstartedwee.Withoutplants,lifecouldnotgoon.Machinesworkonelectricity.机器靠电来运转Iwasattheshop我早早地来到了店里Chinahasbeenthroughawrenchingseriesofchangesandexperiments.轴围绕自己的轴线转动TheshaftturnsaboutitsWhennextIlookedouthewasonhiswaybackwithsomeruddytangerines.TranslationofScientificFormationofESTTerminology（术语ProperTheborrowingofdailyNewwordsandexpressionsbasedonmodernEnglishword-formationProperPropernounsforacertainmajor 赫 伏 氢氧化 显hard 硬 电Theborrowingofdailyoperation(Computer手术(Military)ceiling绝对升限/(aeronautics航空学云幕高度(meteorology气象学Theborrowingofdaily 传递/(daily发射/播送(aterminradio传动(inmechanical透射(in遗传(inmedicalNewwordsandexpressionsbasedonmodernEnglishword-formation(1)Compoundingorcomposition,theprocessbywhichtwoindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeanewwords.(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)Clip,Back-Formation,Coinage,&transliterationofforeignlanguagesLaser(Lightamplificationbyemissionofradiation)激CPU(CentralProcessorUnity)处理 ligencequotient智 executiveofficer）首席执行BBS（BulletinBoardSystem）电子公告板系统（现 servicenetwork微软网络服CS(counter-strike)对抗MRI（magneticresonanceimaging磁Borrowing（外借词Ohm(欧姆）amp（安培）diesel（内燃机）hamburger（汉堡) Clip,Back-Formation,Coinage,&transliterationofforeignlanguagesClip:laboratory-refrigerator-Back-Formation:Laser-toCoinage:Quark夸克cyber-Transliterationtyphoon(台风）cool（酷microphone麦克风 ToturnverbsintonounswithactionsTochangeverbalphrasesorsentencesintonounphrases.Theearthrotatesonitsownaxis,whichcausesthechangefromdaytonight.Therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.(Theideatobeconveyedismuchclearer.)(1)Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheofthe火箭已被用来探索宇宙(2)Theadditionof2percentsodiumcarbonatetoboilingwaterincreasesthebactericideeffect.在沸水中加入2%的碳酸钠会增加杀菌效(3)Thetestingofmachinesbythismethodentailssomelossofpower.用这种方法实验机器会损失一些功率Achickenisasuitablespecimenforthestudyofteralexternalfeaturesofabird.鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例Theflowofelectronsisfromthenegativezincplatetothepositivecopperplate.电子从负的锌极流向正的铜极LiquidWaterComputerCivilRenewable反活counterin局CIA:Central 局FBI：FederalBureauofEMS：ExpressMail大等级考CET：CollegeEnglish中国CAAC：CivilAviationAdministrationofGDP：grossdomestic ler中国移动通信公CMCC：ChinaMobileCommunicationsISO：InternationalOrganizationforSyntacticFeaturesof1.Non-deviationfromBasic---thepresenttense(esp.thesimplepresent2. al---frequentuseofpassivetheobjects,substancesandprocessesthefocusofattentionratherthanthepeopleoperatingwiththempassivevoice---preferableforonetokeepneutralandobjectiveSyntacticFeaturesof3.FrequentUseofNon-restrictive(to ng,4CommonUseofConditional&Imperative条5.Adjectivephrasesasattribute普遍使用形容词6.FrequentEmploymentofLong,ComplexSimplePresentThislawappliestoallclassesofAllbodieshave(laws,rules,conclusions,truth---simplepresenttense)thepresenttense(esp.thesimplepresentPeoplediscoveredelectricityagoodmanyyearsago.Theancientpeoplecountedwith(tointroducewhatwasdoneinthepastsuchasinvention,creation,etc.---simplepastFrequentUseofPassiveA)PutitintoActivevoiceinB)RenderitasNon-life C)ReplaceitwithpassivevoiceinTranslationofScientific Intheexperiments,DNAmoleculeswereappliedtoasmallglassplateoverlaidwithgold.TheDNAwasmodifiedsothatallthepossibleanswerstoacomputationallydifficultproblemwereincluded.Byexposingthemoleculestocertainenzymes,themoleculeswiththewronganswerswereweededout,leavingonlytheDNAmoleculeswiththerightanswers. 在实验中，DAN分子被联附于一小块涂有金箔的玻璃片上。DNA被修改过，以便为计 可以消除那些携带错误答案的分子，只留下带正确答A这些机器应轻放Themachinesshouldbehandledwithgreat蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力Theresultoftheinventionofenginewasthathumanpowerwasreplacedbymechanicalpower.Intheeventoffog,aircraftcanbeguideddowntotherunwayfromthecontroltower.SentencePattern:Itbe+.-edItisassertedthat有人主张ItisbelievedItisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)认为Itiswellknown大家知道(众所周知Itbe+V-ed据计算Ithasbeencalculated…可以毫不夸张地说Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat必须承认Itmustbeadmitted必须Itmustbepointedout由此可见Itwillbeseenfromthis人们说，数控就是用数字加以机床 Itissaidthatnumericalcontrolistheoperationofmachinetoolsbynumbers.大家知道,Itisknowntoalltha ectronsareminutenegativechargesof Theburningofcoalisverywastefulofenergy．Thiscanberealizedwhenwerememberthatonepoundofcoalburnedinthefurnaceofapowerstationwillraiseenoughtodriveageneratorthatwillproduceenoughcurrenttolightaone-barelectricfireforthreehours．Ontheotherhand，ifalltheenergyintheatomsofapoundofcoalcouldbereleased，thereshouldbeenergytodriveallthemachineryinallthefactoriesinBritainfora另一方面，1磅煤的原子中全部能量出来，Scientistshavecalculatedthatifabucketofsandfromthebeachcouldbecompleyconvenedintoenergyandiftheenergysoobtainedwasusedtodriveelectricgenerators．enoughcurrentwouldbeproducedtosupplythewholeofEuropeforfiveyear．incomparisontotherelativestabilityandmodesttechnicaldevelopmentswhichareoccurringinlonghaulwidebandmicrowavecommunicationsystems,thereisrapiddevelopmentandexpandingdeploymentofnewmobile alcommunicationsystem.机或打喷嚏，这些机器就会分析你口气中Smartmachineswillalsohelpidentifymedicalconditions.Ifyousneezeonyourcomputeror,themachinewillstudythousandsofmoleculesinyourbreath.Thenitcan lyouwhetheryouneedtoseeadoctor. 清洁皮肤后，拍上化妆水收缩毛孔滋润。Aftercleaningtheskin,patlotiontomoisturizetheskinpores.Rubmoisturizer,moisturizercanformprotectivefilmontheskinsurfacetoseparatetheskinwithcosmetics,thusprotectingtheskin,makeiteasierformakeupandthemakeupismore科技英语句子的翻英语重时体，汉语轻时Hereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistorical 英语多长句，汉语多——句子拆(1)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:(2)groupswhichbring evision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghouses(3)thatworkinrelationtoone 杂志、组合到了一起。英语 ，汉语多主——语态转Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy. 状语从句——以what,whoever,whatever,whether,when,wherehowwhy引导的主语从句，翻译时一例：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitis用it作形式主语的主语从逆序翻例：Itisamatterofcommonexperiencethatbodiesarelighterinwaterthantheyareinthe译体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种。（强调）例：Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然正序翻Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.率的提高则又有赖于各种科技的努力有些句型可用人称作主语，引出句子Itwasthoughtbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbynomeansbecomparedwiththeseprocesses.活动根本无法与这些过程相比以that,what,how,when,which,why,if等引导的宾语从句，翻译Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonot lhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.用it作形式宾语的句例：Scientistsmadeitcleartothattheymustobeythenaturallaws.Ourdifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostateofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.顺译例：Thereisapossibilitythatthemetalgetsrusted.适当增补某些动词，如“以为”、“例：Thescientistshavebeenlookingforevidencethatthedolphinunderstandsmorecomplicatedideas.前置Buttheideathatthejournalistunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia. 标点ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWar,whenseveral ernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthata ernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotbeforeseenindetail.些得出结论：要向科研机构提例：Thisreinforcedtheideathatanythingwaspossible,thatIcoulddoanythingI译文：这进一步增强了想法——世上无难事，做的一切我都能做到定译例：Weknowthefactthatbodiespossess例：ThedreamthathumanswalkintheouterisnotTranslatethefollowingNotlongago,thescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscoverythatthiswastematerialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.Thatoutenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Itisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocessesofmenofscience,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.Itiscertainthattechnology,especiallycomputertechnology,willruleourlivestoagreaterandgreaterdegree.Theideainvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumansorwithnoconsiderationatall.前置例：Todaygrowingnumberofmenandwomenarechangingcareersorgettingsecondstartsincareersthathavegreaterappealtothem.Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocess,whichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation---thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.后置Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequatetheiractivitywithspecifictechniques.Hisfunctionis ogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.他的作用类似， 例：Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.融合这种情况通常适用于“Therebe+定语从句”的例：Therearesocial,emotional,andconsiderationsinourfuturethatcannotbe例：Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhomuchinterestedinthenew译文：在我们厂里，许多人。符号Creatinga“Europeanidentity“thatrespectsdifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.“欧洲”并不容易，还需要性的选择。状译ArgentinascientistPsdroSkvarea,whohasbeenwatchingtheretreatoficeshelvesinrecentyears,claimedthemassiveLarsenIceShelfdecreasedbymorethan30%from1975to1989.注冰架的后退，他认为从1975年至，拉例：Thefarm,whichissmallproducesatyofwheateveryTranslatethefollowingThesurfaceofametalisattackedbyvariousgasesintheatmosphere,whichformchemicalcompoundsofthemetal.TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionswiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveral ernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsa ernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Authenticmaterialthatprovestheargumentneedstobecollected.状语从句——连接Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmartthat