七年级英语总复习资料综述

短语1.penpal/friend笔友网友3.theUnitedStates=USA=America美国4.TheUnitedKingdom=theUK英国5.NewYork纽约6.postoffice邮局7.Payphone投币式公用电话8.phonebook电话簿9.phonecard电话卡10.acrossfrom在的对面11.nextto贴近；最凑近在的旁边12.infrontof在的前面13.inthefrontof14.ontheright在右边15.ontheleft在左边16.take/haveawalk闲步17.havefun玩得快乐/过得快乐18.kindof有点19.atnight在夜晚20.shop/salesassistant店员21.bankclerk银行职员22.BankofChina中国银行23.TVstation电视台24.policestation警察局25.radiostation广播站26.TVshow电视节目27.TVplay电视剧28.waitfor等待；等待29.onvacation/holiday在度假中30.takeaphoto/picture拍照31.lookat=havealookat看；朝看32.lookfor搜寻；追求33.haveagoodtime过得快乐34.talkabout议论；讨论/讨论35.inorderto=inorderthat为了36.good－looking漂亮的37.alittlebit一点儿；少许38.I’d=Iwould我将39.He’d=hewould他将40.I’dlike=Iwouldlike我想要41.greentea绿茶42.black/browntea红茶43.icedtea冰茶44.Whatabout=Howabout+n/doing(V.ing)怎么样45.athome在家46.atschool在学校47.atwork在上班48.icecream冰淇淋twoicecreams两份冰淇淋48.dosomereading/shopping/cleaning/washing/cooking读点书/购物/打扫/洗衣服49.middleschool=highschool中学50.dosome/theshopping=goshopping买东西51.talkshow访谈节目/脱口秀52.goforawalk去闲步53.Itistimeto该是的时候了54.NewYorkCity纽约市55.summercamp夏令营56.thinkof思虑；考虑；想起；对.有特定的想法57.theGreatWall长城58.thePalaceMuseum故宫59.Tian’anMenSquare天安门广场60.soapopera肥皂剧61.infact事实上；其实；确实地62.agreewith同意；持相同建议63.keyring钥匙链64.haveto不得不；必定65.sportsshoes运动鞋’sPalace少年宫67.notalking禁止讲话；禁止讲话68.makeaconversation编对话69.livein住在70.gotothemovies=gotothecinema=gotoseeafilm去看电影71.yearsold=attheageof在岁时72.writetosb=givealettertosb给某写信73.favoritesubject最喜欢的科目74.speakEnglish/Chinese/Japanese讲英语/讲汉语/讲日语75.playsports=dosports=havesports做运动76.actionmovie动作片77.TheLongWeekend漫长的周末78.informationcard信息卡79.paytelevision收费电视80.overtimepay加班费81.inthepark在公园82.likesanddislikes喜恶83.betweenand在和之间84.Excuseme体谅，对不起85.BridgeStreet桥街86.Centerstreet中心街87.onone’sright=ontheright在of某人的右边88.onone’sleft=ontheleftof在某人的左边89.goalong=goup=godown沿着90.gostraight直直往前走91.turnleft向左转92.turnright向右转93.FifthAvenue第五大街94.intheneighborhood=nearhere在周边95.FirstAvenue第一大街96.thebeginningof的开始97.gardentour公园旅游98.agoodplace一个好地方99.playtheguitar弹吉它100.abusystreet一条繁忙的街道101.visit=gotosee=see=goandsee102.takea/bytaxi乘出租车103.6haveagoodtrip旅途快乐104.akindof一种105.differentkindsof不相同种类的106.manykindsof好多种107.somekindsof一些种108.severalkindsof一些种109.befrom=comefrom来自

110.befriendlytosb=bekindtosb对某人友好theother一个另一个112.playwith与玩113.intheday在白天114.everyday每天115.dayandnight忘餐废寝116.goodnight晚安117.goodevening夜晚好118.getup起床119.goout出去，出门120.inthe/ahospital在医院121.inhospital住院122.sportsmeeting运动会123.sportsjacket运动衫124.sportscar赛车125.beinterestedin对感兴趣126.workfor为工作127.workwith与工作128.workup从事129.callat拨打130.wantad招聘广告/招聘启事131.eatdinner/breakfast/supper吃晚餐/吃晚餐/吃午餐132.make/cookdinner做饭133.holdadinner举行晚宴134.haveatalk听报告135giveatalk作报告/作演讲136.do(one’s)homework作作业137.watchTV看电视138.readabook读/看书139.swimmingpool游泳池140.thanksfor+n/doing为而感谢141.aphotoofone’s某family人的家庭照/某人的全家福142.talkonthephone经过电话讲话143.beachboy沙滩男孩144.CCTV’SAroundTheWorldShow中央电视台全世界节目145.beachvolleyball沙滩排球146.agroupof一群147.shorthair短发148.longhair长发149.curlyhair卷发150.straighthair直发height中等体型152.mediumbuild中等身材153.thecaptainofthebasketballteam篮球队队长154.looklike看起来像155.lookthesame看起来相同156.lookafter照顾，照看157.lookfor搜寻158.lookat看=havealookat=takealookat’meeting家长会160.popsinger流行歌手161.wearglasses戴眼镜162.wouldlike想要，喜欢163.wouldliketodosth想要做某事164.beefandtomatonoodle牛肉番茄面165.tomatoandeggsoup番茄鸡蛋汤166.abowlof一碗167.asmallbowlof一小碗168.amediumbowlof一中碗169.alargebowlof一大碗170.whatkind什么种类171.aspecialhospital专科医院172.aspecialtreatment特别待遇173.gotothebeach去海滩174.cleantheroom打扫房间175.practiceEnglish练习英语176.haveaparty举行聚会177.lastweek上周178.lastnight昨晚179.lastmonth上个月180.go+v.ing表示一种业余或户外活动goswimming/fishing/boating/shopping/skating去游泳/去垂钓/去划船/去购物/去滑冰181.famousperson名人182.sitdown坐下，就坐=have/takeaseat183.stayathome呆在家184.summerholiday/vocation暑期185.winterholiday/vocation寒假186.gotothemountain去爬山187.studyforexams学习迎考188.CentralPark中央公园189.allmorning一清早190.sportsshoes运动鞋191.situationcomedy情况剧192.gameshow游戏节目193.EnglishToday今天英语194.SportsNews体育新闻195.HealthyLiving健康生活196.CultureChina中华文化197.ChineseCooking中华饮食198.AnimalWorld动物世界199.FocusInterview焦点访谈200.SportsWorld体育世界201.WeekendChat周末闲聊202.ManandNature人与自然203.sportsshow体育节目204.fashionshow时装展205.washingmachine洗衣机206..schoolmagazine校刊，校园杂志207.don’tmind不在乎；无所谓208.baseballcap棒球帽209.thisweek本周，这周210.inthehallways在走廊211.listentomusic听音乐212.inthecafeteria在自助食堂213.themusicroom音乐室214.dininghall餐厅215.breaktherule违反规定216.maketherule拟定规则217.gymclass体操课219.schooluniform校服220.goout出去，出门221.afterschool下学后222.afterclass课后1223.leaveschool毕业224.gotoschool去上学226.dropoutofschool辍学227.enterschool入学228.classschedule教鞭229.cloudydays阴天230.onrainy/cloudy/sunnydays在雨天/在阴天/在晴天230.rainydays雨天232.writealetter写信233.colddrink冷饮234.sofar迄今为止；到现在为止235askfor央求/咨询236.Iwanttobea/an我想当一名237.greenpepper青椒238.VIP大人物239.schoolrule校规240.footballcoach足球教练241.prettygood相当好242.haveanEnglishparty举行英语晚会243.gotoSummerCamp去夏令营244.videocamera摄像机245.orderfood订购食品246.orderform订单247.HouseofDumpling水饺店/饺子店248.somespecial一些特色菜249.aplateof一盘250.aswellas也，而且251.WorldCup世界杯252.ChineseFootballAssociation中国足球协会253.morethan高出254.shoppinglist购物单255.shoppingbasket购物篮256.basketballteam篮球队257.assoonaspossible赶忙258.beafraidof害怕.259.eveningnewspaper晚报260.morningnewspaper晨报261.eveningnews晚间新闻262.morningnews早间新闻263.one－waystreet单行街/单行道264.videoarcade电子游戏中心265.weatherreport天气预告266.allovertheworld遍及全世界267.gotosleep去睡觉268.dosomereading读点书269.takeawayfrom从移开270.houserule家规271.schoolnight学校上课昼夜晚272.begoodat=dowellin擅长于273.CulturePalace文化宫274.hotpepper辣椒275.havearest休息276.alittlebitquiet有点内向277.formostkids对多数孩子而言278.goldmedal金牌279.placeofinterest名胜280.website网址281.rightnow现在282.uptonow到现在为止283.fromnowon从现在起284.orderbook订货薄285.haveadrink喝一杯286.softdrink软饮料287.drinktea饮茶288.drinkcoffee喝咖啡289.jobwanted求职290.bookswanted征书广告291.handswanted招工292.helpwanted求助293.fashionmagazine时髦杂志294.makemoney赚钱/挣钱295.maketea泡茶/泡茶296.policeofficer警官297.koalabear树袋熊298.flyakite放风筝299.weatherreport天气预告300.newsreport新闻报道.名词表示人、事物、时间、地点及抽象见解这一名称的词叫名词。1.名词分：可数名词（有单数和复数形式，数量大于1时用复数）和不能数名词（无复数形式，若要表示复数意义时，要在前面加单位词，复数要表现在前面的单位名词上。不能数名词用人称代词it来指代，谓语动词用单数）。2．可数名词单数变复数的方法：(1)一般情况加s;eg:book--booksbag--bagsfriend--friends(2).以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加es.eg:bus--busesclass--classesbox--boxeswatch—watchesbrush--brushes(3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的改y为i再加es.（除Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uo外的叫辅音字母）eg:story--storiescity--citiesdictionary--dictionaries(4).以字母o结尾的，有生命的加es（黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿），无生命的加s.有生命的：negronegroesheroheroespotato--potatoestomato--tomatoes但bamboo—bamboos除外。无生命的：radio--radiosphoto--photoszoo--zooskilo--kiloszero—zerosvideovideos录像(5)以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v，再加es.小偷的妻子用半把刀子和叶子把狼的生命结束在架子上。eg:life--livesknife--kniveswife--wivesshelf--shelvesleaf—leaveshalf--halveswolf--wolvesthief--thieves贼(6).表示某国人，口诀为：中、日不变，英法变，其他后边加s.

Chinese—ChineseJapanese—JapaneseEnglishman—EnglishmenEnglishwoman—EnglishwomenFrenchman—FrenchmenFrenchwoman—FrenchwomenAustralianAustraliansAmerican—AmericansGerman—GermansCanadian—CanadiansRussianRussians(7)以oo组成的名词，把oo变成ee.eg.foot--feet，tooth—teeth，但boot除外(直接加s)。即：boot—bootsA.以man结尾的名词，把字母a变成字母e，但German除外（German—Germans）e.g.man--menwoman--womenpoliceman--policemenB.不规则变化：childchildrenmouse—mice老鼠C．单复数同形的：deer--deersheep--sheepfish--fishpeople—peopleD．形式上是复数，意义上是单数，用作单数(作主语，谓语用单数)；news（新闻），maths（数学），physics（物理）,politics（政治）e.g.1.Thenews(be)verysad.2.Math(be)difficultformanystudents.E.形式上是单数，意义上是复数，用作复数（集体名词作主语，be用are.谓语动词用原形)：people,police,public,class,family,Thefamily(某人一家).Theclass______(be)listeningtotheteachercarefullyinclass.Thepeoplethere________(be)veryfriendly.F.the+姓氏的复数＝the+姓+family“表示某人一家”eg:TheKingsTheSmiths＝theSmithfamilye.g.TheKingfamilyoften(go)outforaholidayonSunday.G.总以复数形式出现的（作主语，谓语动词用原形)：shoes,glasses（眼镜）,trousers,clothes,scissors,pants裤子，chopsticks筷子，shorts短裤,jeans牛仔裤。e.g.Hisclothes________(be)nice.Thispairofscissors(help)himdomanythings.(8)复合名词的复数形式：A.)一般将主体名词变复数。e.g.girlfriendsboyfriendsgirlstudentsbananatreesB.)以man,woman作为第一成分与其他名词组成的复合名词，则man、woman及后边的名词都要变复数。e.g.manteacher——menteachersmandoctor——mendoctorswomandoctor——womendoctorswomanteacher——womenteachersmanservantmenservants不能数名词表示复数时，复数要表现在单位名次上。如：apieceofbreadtwopiecesofbreadthreebagsofpotatoes不能数名词，常有的有：air,snow,wind,rain,milk,water,time,money,orange,paper,juice,sugar,salt，bread,work,chicken,meat,pork,food,chalk,rice,tea,music,mutton,beef,porridge,noise,homework，housework、money，knowledge，weather，icecream等。不能数名词前一般不用a/an修饰，但可用much，alotof，lotsof，some，any，little，alittle等修饰。eg.1.Thereissomuch___________(water)inthebottle.2.Theyhavelittle___________(money)now.4.修饰名词复数的词或短语有：（有这些词时，名词用复数）these,those,many=alotof=lotsof=anumberof=largenumbersof(好多)，several=afew,agroupof,some，few，afewe.g.1.Thereareanumberof__________(visitor)inourschooltheseyears.2.These____________(pen)arehers.常有的修饰可数名词单数的标志词有this,that，a,an。谓语动词用单数。（10）用and连接两个不能数名词作主语，谓语用复数。（beare,实意动词用原形）e.g.Timeandmoney______(be)important名词所有格名词所有格表示所有关系。在名词后打“’”加s，表示“的”名词所有格的变化规则：21．一般在名词词尾加’s（人名后加’s绝对正确）e.g.Lucy’scat，Tom’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词只须加’.e.g.thestudents’book，Teachers’Day3.不以s结尾的复数名词加’s.eg:children’sbook，women’sclothes，Children’sDay，Women’sDay4.相同东西为两人或两人以上共有，则只在最后一个名词后加’s；若是分别拥有时，则每个名词上都要加’s且名词要用复数。eg:LucyandLily’sroom.露西和莉莉的房间Tom’sandLiLei’sfathers汤姆的父亲和李雷的父亲（二）表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的名词后加’s.twoweeks’timetoday’snewspaperChina’scapitaltenminutes’walk（三）表示无生命的名词所有格，平时用“of＋无生命名词”表示“.的”。e.g.thetopofthemountainthegateoftheschoolthemapofChina(四)特别表达用to.e.g.theanswertothequestionthekeytothedoor(五)表“商店”，“某人家”“教堂”、“商店”的名词所有格后，一般省略名词。e.g.LileiandJimareatMrBlack’s.2.LileiandJimareatthetailor’satthedoctor’s在医务室（六）应记住的几个节日：Teachers’DayWomen’sDayChildren’sDayTreePlantingDay植树节NationalDay国庆节AprilFool’sDay愚人节ChristmasDayTheWorldEnvironmentDay世界环境日YouthDay青年节theSpringFestival春节Father’sDay父亲节Mother’sDay母亲节(七)名词与其他词类的转变：(1)名词+y———表天气的形容词(以不发音e结尾的，变e为y；重读闭音节结尾的，要双写辅音字母，再加y)e.g.windwindysunsunnycloudcloudyrainrainyfogfoggymistmistyhealthhealthyluckluckysalt—saltynoisenoisydifficultdifficulty(2)名词+ful/al/en———形容词e.g.thankthankfulwonderwonderfulhelphelpfuluseusefulsuccess—successfulcolorcolorfulnationnationaltraditiontraditionalwoolwoollen(3)名词+ern———形容词(表方向)easteasternwestwesternsouthsouthernnorthnorthern(4)名词+(无规则)able/ly/ous/——形容词enjoyenjoyablefriendfriendlydangerdangerouschangechangeablecomfort—comfortable(5)名词改变词尾转变成其他名词sciencescientistlibrarylinrarianfriendfreindshipartartistmusicmisicianviolioviolionistpianopianistchemistchemistry化学fly—flightbuy--busy—business—businessmansafe――safetyinvent--invention—inventorbegin――beginningtrain—trainning训练decide—decisionplease--pleased--pleasuredrydroughttruetruth练习：1.TomorrowwillbebetterinChina.A.ThenextdayB.TheseconddayC.ThefutureD.Thewholeday2.MrGreenisspeakingtoafriendofhiswife’s.A.hiswife’sfriendB.oneofhiswife’sfriendC.oneofhiswifefriends3.Thecaptainofthefootballteamaskedhismemberstopracticeatonce.A.strikerB.midfieldplayerC.goal－keeeperD.head4.Heputsalotof______inthe_______milk.A.sugartwocupsB.sugars..twocupsC.sugartwocupsofD.sugarstwocupsof5.Whyaretheretwopairsof______onyourbed,Tom?A.scissorsB.scissorsesC.glassD.trousers6.LiFengisagoodfriendof_____.A.himB.myparents’C.thegirlsD.Mr’sWangA.photos,potatos,radiosB.photos,potatoes,radiosC.photoes,potatos,radioesD.photes,potatoes,radiosHelivesinthe_________(west)ofChina.Ihaven’twatched_______(yesterday)newsonTV.Canyoutellittome?

9._______mustn’tdrinkwinebeforetheydrivecars.(drive)二．代词代替名词，形容词或数词的词叫代词。１．人称代词和物主代代词单数复数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir物主代词名词性物mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs主代词2．用法：主格，宾格不带“的”；形物，名物都带“的”；主格作主语，放句首；宾格作宾语，位于动词，介词后（动宾、介宾结构）。形物后边有名词，名物后边无名词。（名物=形物+名词）常接形物的短语有：It’sone’sturntodosthonone’sway(to)onone’sright/lefttakeone’stime不急，慢慢来withone’shelptryone’sbesttodosth全力做某事turnone’seartosb=listentosbtakeone’sadvice采纳某人的建议cutone’shair理发onone’sdayoff在某人的休息日inone’sfreetime=inone’ssparetime在某人的悠闲时间doone’shomework做作业withoutone’shelp没有的帮助makeone’swayto往走去eg:1.Thisis_______(I)book.Theyare______(they).2.Pleasetell______(he)aboutit.3._________arebooks(they)3.当几个不相同的人称代词作主语时，常用and，or等连接，这时的排列序次为：单数时：一般先you,再he，she，最后I复数时：一般先we,you尔后接they.e.g.You，heandIareallstudents.4.afriendof+名物/形物＋名词所有格/宾格。若of前为名词，of后用名词性物主代词或名词所有格；of前为代词,数词（some,every）of后的代词用宾格。eg:Imetafriendofmine/mysister’s.Someof_______(we)Threeof________(they)5．不定代词（既可指人也可指物）：（1.）both都（两个人或物，后边谓语动词用复数）neither两者都不（两其中间没有人或物，谓语动词用单数）（2.）all全体/所有（三者及以上，谓语动词用单复数由名词决定。e.g.Allthefoodisonthetable.）none没有人或物（三者及以上，谓语动词用单数）（3.）many好多（修饰可数名词）（4.）howmany＋可数名词复数much好多（修饰不能数名词）howmuch＋不能数名词（5.）few（修饰可数名词,表否定）afew(修饰可数名词，表必然）=several=some=morethanthree（6.）each每个（重申个体）（7.）alittle（修饰不能数名词,表必然）every每个（重申整体，近似all）little（修饰不能数名词,表否定）（8.）sometheothers一些其他的(数量固定)（9.）oneanother一个另一个.(数量不固定)someothers一些其他的(数量不固定)onetheother.一个另一个(限于两者间)either任何一个（两其中间，后接谓语动词的单数）10.）some一些（用于必然句，但在表示央求或邀请时也可用于疑问句）any一些（用于否定句或疑问句）3（11.）复合不定代词，跟some连用的用于必然句（但表示央求，建议，邀请时也可用于疑问句）；跟any连用的用于疑问句或否定句；跟no连用的表否定意义；跟every连用的表示所有，泛指所有人或事物。somebody/someone某人something/sth某事somewhere某地anybody/anyone任何人anything任何事anywhere任何地方nobody/noone没人，无人nothing没事，没什么nowhere没地方everybody/everyone每人everything所有everywhere各处用法：(a.)不定代词一般作名词用，在句中用作主语或宾语。在句中作主语时，看作单数，谓语用单数。e.g.1.____everyoneheretoday？（be）2.Nobody_____(help)you.（12.）指示代词：this（这个）plthese（这些）,that（那个）plthose（那些）在电话用语中，互问对方姓名，在不知对方前用this指代“我”，而用that指代“你”。e.g.—ThisisLiPing.IsthatLucy?—Yes,Itis.OhLiPing.Howiseverythinggoing?(13.)toomuch太多的（adj.修饰不能数名词）eg:Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodo.toomany太多的（adj.修饰可数名词的复数）e.g.Therearetoomanyflowersinthiscity.muchtoo太（adv,修饰形、副）Thecameraismuchtoocheap.（14.）alot=verymuch很，十分alotof=lotsof=many=anumberof+名词复数好多（修饰可数名词复数）alotof=lotsof=much好多（修饰不能数名词）alargenumberof=largenumbersof+名复=quitemany“许好多多的”（15.）every+基数词+名词复数表示“每..”e.g:everytwostudents.everythreeyears（16.）allof+名词复数/代词宾格“中的所有，都”（用于三者及以上，作主语，谓语用复数。）bothand“和都”（用于两者，作主语，谓语用复数。）bothof＋宾格/名词“中两个都”（用于两者，作主语，谓语用复数。）eg:1.AllofthestudentscomefromBeijing.2.Bothyouandshearestudents.3.BothofmyparentsarewatchingTV.(17.)oneof+the＋形容词最高等＋名词复数＋动词的单数或oneof＋宾格“之一”e.g:1.Oneofthestudents_______(be)fromDali.2.Noneoftheteachers_______(know)me.（18）．疑问代词：who谁（主格）,whom谁（宾格）,whose谁的（形物）(19).代词:one代替前面提到的单数名词。eg:Whoisthatman?Whichone?ones代替前面提到的复数名词。e.g.Whatbooksdoyoulike?Iliketheseones.1.Theirschoolisfarmorebeautifulthan.（us）2.Manyworkersteachcomputerscienceathomewhentheydon’tgotowork.（they）3.Inthepicturemygrandmaissittingbetweenmyfatherand.(I)4.“Hello,IsMarry,please?”Thegirlsaidonthetelephone.(this)5.Oneofsheepissick.Iwillgotofindadoctorforanimals.(this)6.ThisT-shirtisabitbigforme.Canyoushowmeone?(other)7.A:XuFei,whoisyourfriend,LiPing,TangLingorChengKun?B:.I’veneverheardofthosenames.(one)三．动词动词表示动作或状态，性质，一般在句中作谓语。动词分为实意动词、助动词，系动词，神情动词四大类。（1）实意动词：也叫行为动词，是表示人物的行为、动作、心理活动的词。如：give，help，think,want等。实意动词有动词原形、过去式、过去分词、单三、现在分词五种形式。含实意动词的句子变换为否定句、疑问句时要借助助动词do/does/did等。

（2）助动词：do,does,did(组成否定句和疑问句，加强语气),have,has,had（与过去分词组成完成时），will,shall,should，would+动词原形；自己无词义，帮助实义动词表否定、疑问。3）连系动词：be（am,is,are,was,were，been，being）,feel,look,become,keep,seem,taste,get,turn,sound,smell,get等后接形容词，名词，副词和介词短语，组成系表结构。（但多数情况后跟形容词）。Heis_____________thanIthink.(friend)Theylooktiredtoday.Ifeelsorryforit.系表结构的典型例子：getwarm变暖turngreen变绿feelworried感觉忧虑feeltired感觉疲倦fallasleep入睡soundbeautiful听起来优美tastedelicious尝起来美味keephealthy保持健康keepbusy忙繁忙碌cometrue实现growold变老了，长老了gettogether相聚（4）神情动词：can/could,may/might,must,need,would,shall/should,haveto/hasto/hadto,beableto，usedto等。神情动词不能够单独作谓语，后必定跟动词原形组成谓语。haveto=mustdon’thaveto=needn’t不用can＝beableto注：need也可作实义动词用法为：need单三needsneedtodosth（主语为人）Youneed___________(wear)warmclothes.needdoingsth（主语为物）Thewatchneed____________(mend).must开头的句子,否定回答用needn’t.eg:—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?—No,youneedn’t.may开头的句子,否定回答用mustn’t（不能够够）eg:—MayIclosethewindow？—No，youmustn’t.三种时态的组成：1一般现在时：主语+动词原形+其他/主语+动词的单三形式＋其他。一般过去时：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他3．现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+现在分词(动词－ing)（一）一般现在时1.用法：表示经常性或习惯性的动作；(2)现在的状态；（3）表示客观事实，真理，格言。2．组成：1）谓语为be:主语+am/is/are+其他句型变换：be此后加not组成否定句，be提到句首组成一般疑问句。（2.）谓语为实意动词时：1.主语为I/we/you/they或名词复数时：主语+动词原形+其他eg:Iwritealetter.主语为单三he/she/it或单数名词时：主语+动词单三+其他.e.g.Hewritesaletter.2.疑问句：主语为I/we/you/they时，借助助动词do,助动词后用动词原形e.g:Doyouhaveabook?主语为单三he/she/It时,借助助动词does,助动词后用动词原形。e.g:Doessheworkhere?回答：必然：Yes,主语+do/does否定：No,主语+don’t/doesn’t3.否定句：主语为I/we/you/they时，借助助动词don’t，后用动词原形主语为单三he/she/It时,借助助动词doesn’t，后用动词原形。Idon’twritealetter.Hedoesn’twritealetter.4.标志词：often（经常），usually（经常），sometimes=don’toften（有时），everyday/week/month/year每天/周/月/年，always（总是），seldom（很少）,hardlyever,never,onSundays等词。5.表示客观真理、名言、实事时用一般现在时态。1.Themoontravelsroundtheearth.2.10and1is11.6.在时间（when,until,assoonas,bythetime引导的）,和if引导的条件状语从句中，主将从现。e.g:Theboywon’tleavetheislanduntilthefindtheirbaskets.e.g:Wewillgotothemountainsifitdoesn’traintomorrow.4主语为单三时，动词单三的变化规则：【1】.一般在动词词尾加s.e.g.talk—talks2】以s、x、ch、sh、o接尾的动词加es.e.g.watch—watches【3】“辅音+y”结尾的动词改y为i再加es.e.g.study—studies【4】不规则的：have—hasdo—doesgo—goes1.Theyoften_______toplayintheparkonSunday.(go)2.What____MrBrown____?—He’sadoctor.(do)3.IknowLiLei.He______inthethirdrow.(sit)4.－When______heusually______football?－OnSundayafternoon.(play)MissLi,ourEnglishteacher,sometimes_______usalittleFrenchinclass.(teach)（二）．一般过去时用法：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。组成：（1）谓语动词为be时：主语+was/were+其他（主语为第一人称单数时用was，其他用were）。句型变换：否定句在was/were后加not;一般疑问句把was/were提到句首。e.g:Shewasastudenttwoyearsago.两年前她是学生。TheywerenotathomelastSunday.上星期天他们不在家。Wereyouherejustnow?刚刚您在这儿吗？Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.（２）谓语动词为行为动词（实意动词）：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他（否定，疑问句要借助助动词did或didn’t）否定句：主语＋didn’t+动词原形+其他一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他eg:HisfatherwenttoBeijinglastSunday.上星期天他爸爸去北京。Wedidn’tenjoyourselveslastnight.昨晚我们玩得不快乐。DidtheywatchTVlastnight?昨晚他们看电视了吗？Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.3．动词过去式的组成规则：（1）一般在动词原形尾端加—ed；e.g:look—lookedplay—playedstart—started（2）以e结尾的加－d；eg:move--movedlive--livedhope--hoped（3）有一个辅音字母（辅音字母前不能够有两个元音）接尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加－ed；e.g:stop--stoppedplan--plannedtrip--trippeddrop--droppedprefer—preferredrob--robbedtrap—trappedgrab―――grabbed（4）“辅音字母+y结尾”的动词，改y为i，再加－ed;eg:study--studiedcarry--carriedworry--worriedcopy—copied（5）不规则的须死记（见不规则动词表）。写出以下动词的过去式：have—laugh—enjoy—reach—hit—change—drop—go—4.一般过去时的时间状语（标志词）：【1】“yesterday一家”如：yesterday昨天，yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening昨早/昨天下午/昨晚，thedaybeforeyesterday前天【2】“last一家”如：lastweek上周，lastyear，lastnight，lastmonth，lastterm，lastMonday3】“ago一家”amomentago刚刚，tendaysago，anhourago，tenminutesago【4】其他：in1999/2002，thismorning，justnow刚刚，longlongago，intheolddays等。e.g:1.They______(play)footballontheplaygroundjustnow.2.____he_______(go)swimminglastsummer?3.Mybrother_______(study)Russianin2002.4.I_______ratherweakyesterday.(feel)5.Whenwe_______(get)home,wewereallwet.6.When_______youruncle______(come)toseeyoulasttime?7.Tom________(be)athomeyesterday,wasn’the?8.He_________usastoryyesterdayevening.(nottell)

（三）．现在进行时1．用法：表示现阶段动作正在进行或发生。2．组成：主语+am/is/are+现在分词(动词－ing)＋其他3．动词现在分词的变化规则共（三条）：1.一般在动词词尾加－ing;e.g.go—going2以不发音字母e结尾的去e再加－ing;e.g.take—takinghave—having3尾端只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词（前面只有一个元音字母），要双写词尾辅音字母，再加－ing.常有要双写的词有：（共13个）：put（放）,let（让），swim（游泳）,begin（开始）,run（跑）,get（获得）,sit（坐）cut（砍）,nod（点头）,travel（旅游）,plan计划,babysit（临时照顾），spit（吐痰）即：put--putting，let--letting，begin--beginning，run—runninggetgettingsitsittingcutcuttingnod--noddingtraveltravelingforget—forgettingplan—planningbabysit—babysittingspit――spitting4.以ie结尾的，把ie改为y，再加－ing.eg:die—dyinglie—lyingtie—tying思虑：eat,speak,mend为何不双写？4.标志词：look!Listen!Now,keepquiet/bequiet,present,rightnow,atpresent,atthemoment,stoptalking,Don’tmakeanoise,thesedays等.。eg：Thescientists(study)theuniversethesedays.1.It(rain)hardnow.2.What(do)yoursister?3.Shetotheradioinherroom.(listen)4.What_____he______?(do)atamathsproblem.(work)6.Don’tmakeanoise.Thebaby.(sleep)Therebe结构（be有两种形式即is和are），there引导词，没心义。Therebe表示“某地有某物/某时有某人”二.组成：1.Thereis+名词（单数.不能数）+时间/地点状语eg:Thereisabookonthedesk..Thereare+名词复数+时间/地点状语eg:Therearesomebooksonthedesk.注：be和后边的主语在人称与数上保持一致。2.有多个主语时，be常和近来的主语保持一致（周边一致）Thereisadesk,twochairsandasmallbedintheroom.Therearetwochairs,adeskandasmallbedintheroom.Therebe结构的否定式，只需在be后加not.疑问式把be提到there前。即：Bethere？小写变大写，句号变问号。Eg:Thereisnot/isn’taballunderthebed.Therearenot/aren’tanypencilsinthepencil－box.Isthereaballunderthebed?回答：必然：Yes,thereis/are.否定：No,thereisnot(isn’t)/arenot(aren’t).4.特别疑问句：特别疑问词+一般疑问句？eg:Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?非谓语动词(一)动词原形：以下这些词后要用动词原形let(let’s),shallI/we,whynot/whydon’tyou,will/would/couldyouplease,hadbetter(not),too＋形/副原级＋to＋动词原形（太而不能够），helpsb.dosth.sth.2.神情动词can/could、may/might、must、need、have/hasto/hadto，will/would，usedto，beableto3.感观动词和使役动词:（五看、三让、二听、一感觉）watch,notice,see,lookat,observe，listen，hear，let,make,have，feel后跟动词原形。后跟动词（V－ing），表示动作正在进行。5（二）动词不定式：（to+动词原形，否定形式在to前加not,即：nottodo）※不定式或动名词作主语，谓语要用单数形式。Togoacrosstheroadisnotsafewhenthelightisred.(be)Goingacrosstheroadisnotsafewhenthelightisred.(be)wanttodosth想做某事liketodosth喜欢做某事trytodosth试图做某事lovetodosth喜欢做某事needtodosth需要做某事learntodosth学做某事begin/starttodosth开始做某事forgettodosth忘了去做某事remembertodosth记得去做某事decidetodosth决定做某事wouldliketodosth想要做某事choosetodosth选择做某事stoptodosth停下某事去做某事hopetodosth希望做某事affordtodosth.有能力做某事can’twaittodosth急不能待地做某事plantodosth计划做某事tryone’sbesttodosth全力做某事teachsbtodosth教某人做某事tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不做某事asksbtodosth要求某人做某事asksb.nottodosth.要求某人不做某事allowsbtodosth同意某人做某事warnsbnottodosth警告某人不做某事It’stimeforsbtodosth该某人做的时候了＝It’sone’sturntodosth.failtodosth.做某事失败wishsb.todosth.希望做某事expectsb.todosth.希望做某事getsb.todosth.使某人做某事allowsb.todosth.同意某人做某事havenoneed/timetodosth.没有必要/时间做某事finditdifficult/hardtodosth.发现做某事困难Ittakessb.+一段时间＋todosth.开销某人多长时间做某事不定代词+todoeg:somethingtoeat/drinkIhavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Itis+形容词＋todosth.（it做形式主语，动词不定式做真切的主语）e.g.Itisinterestingtoplaysoccer.疑问词（what/how/which/when/where/who）和动词不定式连用，即：疑问词＋todoe.g.Idon’tknowwhattodoeg:1.Wouldyoulike(go)swimmingwithme?2.Iwant(buy)someapples.3.Weneed(wear)warmclothesinwinter.4.I’lltry(notbe)lateagain.※表示感情色彩的词后要用动词不定式eg:Nice/Pleased(see)you.I’msorry(hear)that.※不定式作状语（目的，原因，结果）：Hecame__________(teach)thelittlegirl.Iwent______(visit)myunclelastnight.(目的)Whathashesaid_______(make)yousosad?Theyliftedarockedonly________(drop)inontheirownfeet.(结果)※be+todo(动词不定式作宾语)e.g.Myjobistoteachstudents.※help后既能够跟动词原形，也能够接动词不定式。e.g.Canyouhelpmetolearn/learnEnglish.（三）动名词(V-ing)(1)介词in,on，at，for,with，without,about,of,from，by，before后的动词用动名词。e.g:1.Thankyoufor(help)me.2.Heisgoodat(play)volleyball.3.Theboygotupandwenton(run).4.Theheavyrainstoppedusfrom(go)tothesea.(2).go+V-ing或dosome+V-ing表示一种活动或习惯。dosomeshopping买东西dothe/somewashing洗衣服dosomereading读书dosomecleaning打扫卫生dosomecooking做饭dosomewalking闲步dosomerunning跑步gofishing去垂钓、goboating去划船goshopping去买东西gohunting去打猎goswimming去游泳gowalking去闲步gohiking去远足goskating去滑冰gowater－skiing去划水gosurfing去冲浪goscubadiving去潜水godancing去跳舞gorunning去跑步（3.）finishdoingsth做完某事enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事keep(on)doingsth向来做某事hatedoingsth＝dislikedoingsth讨厌做某事practicedoingsth练习做某事minddoingsth介意做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事giveupdoingsth放弃做某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事can’thelpdoingsth身不由己做某事prefer+doingto+doing宁愿而不愿

Therebedoingsth.有正在做某事havegreat/somefun(in)doingsth.在做中获得很大的乐趣havesomeproblems(in)doingsth做某事有问题havesomedifficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困难spend(in)doingsth在做某事上花去.（时间，金钱）findsbdoingsth发现某人正在做某事beworthdoingsth值得做某事besucceed(in)doingsth已成功的做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事（to是介词）makeacontributiontodoingsth.为做某事而贡献（to是介词）beexcitedaboutdoingsth.对感觉愉悦eg:1.whenI’mtired,Ienjoy_______(listen)tomusic.2Theyarebusy_________(get)readyforthenextyear.3.Idon’tfeellike______(eat).4.Theyhaveproblem__________(carry)thethings.5.Ihavedifficultyin_____(study)English.6.Stop________(talk),theteachersaid.7.Thereissomeone______intheroom.(sing)8.Thereisatruckrubbish.(collect)9.Thankyoufor(help)me.10.Sheisafraidof_____(stay)herebyherself.动名词作主语，谓语用单数e.g.Walkingaftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.(walk)（4）含有动名词形式的短语：readingroom阅览室sleepingcar卧铺车厢sittingroom=livingroom起居室shoppinglist购物清单waitingroom等待室，候诊/车/机室sleepingpill安眠药shoppingbasket购物篮diningroom/hall餐厅meetingroom会议室eatinghabit饮食习惯swimmingpool游泳池shoppingcenter购物中心washingmachine洗衣机cuttingmachine切割机（5.）在以下这几组词里后接动名词和动词不定式意思有差别：（a.）goontodosth.连续做另一件事（b.）forgettodosth.忘记要做某事goondoingsth.连续做同一件事forgetdoingsth.忘记已做过某事（c.）remembertodosth.记得要做某事（d.）stoptodosth.停下来往做另一件事rememberdoingsth.记得已做过某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事（e.）liketodosth.喜欢做某事（表一次详尽的动作或短暂的动作）likedoingsth.喜欢做某事（表习惯性的动作）（f.）needtodosth.需要做某事（主语为人，用于主动语态）（g.）begin/starttodosth.开始做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事（主语为物，用于被动语态）begin/startdoingsth.开始做某事eg:1.whenI’mtired,Ienjoy(listen)tomusic.2.Theyarebusy(get)readyforthenextyear.【6】动词与其他词的变换：（1）动词加er/or变成推行者或表职业的名词，复数加sspeakspeakerwritewriterreadreaderrideridercleancleanerplay—playertravel—traveller(traveler)own—ownerwaitwaiter男服务员/waitress女服务员climbclimberteachteacherdrivedriverdrawdrawercookcooker炊具surfsurferdivedivermanagemanagergolfgolferbuildbuilderdreamdreamerleadleaderbuybuyerskateskaterwork--worker工人perform(v)表演performer表演者sellsellerswimswimmerrunrunnerwinwinnervisitvisitorinventinventor发明家useuser使用者actactor男演员—actress女演员managemanager经理eg:1.Allthe___________(run)getreadytogo.2.Tomorrowis__________________teach)Day.3.Howmany___________(invent)hashemadesofar?5.Canyoucutthepearinto_________(half).（2）部分动词加－ing转变成名词：meanmeaningbuildbuildingmeetmeetingcrosscrossingturnturningtrain—trainingsurfsurfingbegin--beginning63）部分动词加ion/ure/sion/ment/ance等转变成名词：inventinventiondiscussdiscussionpollutepollutioncontributecontributiondecide—decisiondescribedescriptiondiedeathenjoy――enjoymentinviteinvitationpleasepleasure――pleasantdangerdangerousflyflightknowknowledgeenterentrancemanage――management（4）表示感情方面的加ed或ing组成形容词：interestinterestinginterestedexciteexcitingexcitedamazeamazingamazedsurprisesuprisingsurprisedrelaxrelaxingrelaxedlivelivingalivedworryworried担忧的tiretired疲倦的（5）部分动词的过去分词可作形容词：breakbrokencloseclosedgivegivenspeakspokenmarrymarriedpasspast（6）少许动词前加a变成表语形容词：sleepasleeplivealivewakeawake四．形容词和副词形容词：表示人或事物的性质，状态和特色。用法：A.形容词修饰不定代词，放于不定代词后。Ihavesomethingnewtotellyou.B.enough“足够的”修饰形容词或副词，后置。修饰名词放于前。（名前形副后）Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.C.复合形容词（即“数词+名词单数”称复合形容词）Wehavealongtimefortwo—weekholiday两周的假期two—weekholiday=twoweeks’holidayD.有部分动词加ed或ing组成形容词。加ed的形容词主语为人（修饰人）；加ing的形容词主语为物（修饰物）。如：interesting,exciting,boring,amazing,surprising,moving，interested,excited,amazed,surprised,frighten,tired,pleased,worried.2.副词：修饰动词，副词和形容词。用法：A.副词修饰形容词和副词放于该词前。e.g:Heisveryold.B.副词修饰动词时，放于动词后。eg:Herunsfast.C.与时间有关的频度副词、否定副词，常放于动词从前。eg:Ioftenwritetomymother.Wenevergoout.D.副词修饰整个句子，放在句首。eg:1.________,hefindhislostdaughter.(luck)2._______hecomesontime.(final)副词的组成：1）自己就是副词，如：well2)由形容词+ly组成.A“.辅音+y”结尾的改y为i再加ly.eg:easyeasilyhappyhappilyheavy--heavilyB.词尾是ue的，去e加ly.eg:true--trulyC.词尾是ll的，直接加y.eg:full—fullycareful－carefullyD.词尾是le时,去e加y.eg:possible--possiblyprobable—probablyterrible—terriblycomfortable――comfortably3.基数词变频度副词的有：one――once一次two――twice两次IhavebeentoAmerica______(two)提问频度的副词用howoften(多久一次)HowoftendoyouwatchTV?回答用often,usually,sometimes,always,never,hardlyever，onceaweek等.形容词和副词同形的词有：hard（困难的，努力地，雨、雪下得大），early（早的），late（迟的、晚的），fast（快的）五．冠词冠词是放在名词前的虚词。冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/an.1.a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。eg:anhonestman，halfanhour，anordinary

book，ausefulman，anumbrella。但在字母a,e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o,r，s，x前也用冠词an。e.g.Thereis“u”and“s”intheword“us”.A.anaB.aanC.aaD.anan不定冠词a/an的用法：)表示“一个”，但数的见解没有one强.eg:threemealaday.2)用于某些固定词组中：abitafewalittlealotof等。定冠词the的用法：1）特指某人或某物；e.g.Thebookonth